I-Hemoblastoses ihlanganisa iqembu elikhulu lezifo ezibulalayo ze-lymphatic and hematopoietic system. Zibonakala ngokuhlukaniswa okungalawuliwe nokuqoqwa kwezicubu zamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba wezinto eziphilayo ezilahlekelwe ikhono lokuzikhethela.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi
I-pathologies echazwe ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
- i-leukemia (i-systemic);
- i-lymphomas (yesifunda).
Umdlavuza wegazi kwabesifazane uvame kakhulu kwifomu lokuqala, ubizwa nangokuthi i-leukemia noma i-proteinosis. Ngokusho uhlobo lwamanje, izifo ezinzima nezihlala zingelapheki zihlukile. Esikhathini sokuqala, ama-leukemi afika emafomu alandelayo:
- i-monoblast;
- i-lymphoblastic;
- i-myelomonoblast;
- i-erythromyeloblast;
- i-myeloblast;
- okungahambelani;
- megakaryoblastny.
Ifomu elingapheli lesi sifo limelelwa yi-leukemias enjalo:
- i-myeloma;
- i-basophilic;
- i-myelocytic;
- i-eosinophilic;
- i-myelomonocytic;
- i-neutrophilic;
- i-myeloid leukemia;
- Isifo sikaCesari;
- i-thrombocythemia ebalulekile;
- i-monocytic;
- i-polycythemia yeqiniso (i-erythremia);
- i-lymphocytic leukemia ;
- i-histiocytosis X;
- Isifo esinezintambo ezinzima zikaFranklin
- I-macroglobulinemia eyinhloko ye-Waldenstrom.
Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wegazi kwabesifazane
Phakathi nokuqhubeka kwe-leukemia inani elikhulu lama-leukocyte asanda kuqoqwa emzimbeni wegazi. Bahlola umdlavuza wegazi - izimpawu kubesifazane zibangelwa ukuwohloka kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba nokuzivikela. Ukubunjwa kanye nezakhiwo ze-biofluid ziyahlukahluka, okuholela ekuphazanyeni kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi futhi kuphazamise i-anemia.
Ukuthola izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wegazi ngesikhathi sokuqala kunzima, isithombe saso semitholampilo asinempilo. Ukubonakaliswa kwezici zalesi sifo esibuhlungu ngokuvamile kuhambisana nezinye izifo zesimiso se-hematopoietic. I-symptomatology ephawulekayo, ngokusho ukuthi kulula ukuyiphika i-hemoblastosis, ibonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho i-leukemia iqhubeka ngokushesha.
Umdlavuza wegazi - izigaba
Odokotela bahlukanisa izigaba ezine zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezichazwe. Ngamunye wabo unezibonakaliso ezihlukene zomtholampilo. Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wegazi ezinkathini zokuqala zinzima ukuhlukanisa, ngakho-ke zingabonakala zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa. Uma i-leukemia igcina ifomu elingavamile, ukubonakaliswa kwayo ngokuvamile kuvame ngokuphelele, futhi umtholampilo usho kakade ezinkathini ezisheshayo zokuqhubeka kwe-hemoblastosis.
Umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba 1
Uhlu olungalawulwayo lwe-leukocyte aluhlaza luhambisana nokuwohloka okubukhali emisebenzini yamasosha omzimba. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa komzimba obuthakathaka, isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wegazi sibonakala ngokutheleleka okukhulayo kanye nezifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukuqhubeka. Ubuthakathaka obunjalo buzwa, ukukhathala kwanda, ukulala nokunganaki kubonakala. Ngalesi sigaba, ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza owodwa okhulunywa ngegazi - izimpawu kwabesifazane:
- ukubuyela emuva kwe-bronchitis engapheli, stomatitis, pharyngitis;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukujuluka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
- ukunciphisa ukudla.
I-Cancer yegazi - isigaba sesi-2
Ukusatshalaliswa okusebenzayo kwamagciwane amhlophe angewona akhethekile kubangela ukuqoqwa kwama-leukocyte angathuthuki emathisini, ukwakheka kwama-neoplasms we-tumor. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezilandelayo zomdlavuza wegazi kwabesifazane:
- ukushisa isikhumba esisheshayo;
- ukwandisa kwesibindi, i-lymph nodes kanye nesipere;
- ukubukeka kwemivimbo nokulimala okuncane;
- ukuphuza nokuma kwesikhumba;
- ukuvuvukala kanye nezinsini eziphaphayo;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba;
- ukugula ngokuzumayo ("ukugula olwandle").
Umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba 3
Ukuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kwe-hemoblastosis kudala ukulimala kuzo zonke izinhlelo zangaphakathi nezitho, kuphula imisebenzi yabo. Kulesi sigaba, kutholakala kalula umdlavuza wegazi - izimpawu zesifo kwabesifazane:
- isicasuli;
- ukungabi nesifiso, ngezinye izikhathi i-anorexia;
- ukuphuma kwegazi njalo (kusuka ekhaleni, izinsini);
- ngisho nokuphazamiseka kumnandi okomnandi;
- shintsha ukunambitha;
- ukuvula;
- ubuhlungu emgodleni, amalunga namathambo;
- i-lymph nodes ekuvukeni, entanyeni, ngaphansi kwezimpondo;
- ukunciphisa amandla okubukwa;
- ikhanda;
- ukuhlanza;
- umkhuhlane.
Kunezibonakaliso ezicacile zobulili ezibonisa umdlavuza wegazi - izimpawu kubesifazane zingabandakanya:
- ukuchichima nokuvama kwegazi okuvame njalo;
- isikhathi eside kakhulu ngenyanga;
- ubuhlungu obungenakubekezelelwa ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.
Umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba 4
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi, izigaba ze-leukemia ezinganakwa, izitho zesiguli zinezicubu ezinonya, ezishesha ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zisiza ekuqinisekiseni umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba sokugcina sibonakala izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukushisa;
- ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi;
- ukusika, ukungaboni ukupheka, ubuhlungu besisu;
- i-cyanosis yezipikili nezindebe;
- imibuthano emikhulu emnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo, ebonakala ngokucacile ebusweni obubabalayo;
- ukuxubha;
- izimo ze-feverish;
- ukulala;
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukuqhuma lapho uphefumula;
- ubuhlungu enhliziyweni;
- i-tachycardia;
- ukuvuthwa njalo;
- ukuphulukiswa okungalungile ngisho namanxeba amancane kanye nemizwa eminye kanye nezinye izimpawu zesifo.
Umdlavuza wegazi kwabesifazane - bahlala kangakanani?
Isibikezelo se-hemoblastoses sincike ekungenikeni kokusatshalaliswa kwama-leukocyte angakapheli, umsebenzi we-division yabo nokuqoqwa kwezicubu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini ebangele izimpawu zomdlavuza wegazi kubantu besifazane - bangaki abahlala kulokhu kuhlolisiswa, kunqunywe yisigaba sokuqhubeka kwe-leukemia, ifomu layo nemvelo yenkambo. Ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinzima, amathuba okuphulukiswa okuphelele aphezulu kakhulu, afika ku-100%.
Uma lesi sifo sesifinyelele izigaba ezingu-2-3, isiguli sisezingeni elihloniphekile noma isifo esingelapheki, izinga lokusinda iminyaka engu-5 kusukela ku-24 ukuya ku-90%. Ezingxenyeni ezine ze-hemoblastosis ukukhubazeka okubi kuhloswe ukuthi ayinakuphulukiswa, futhi izibikezelo ziyadumaza. Kulesi simo, ukwelashwa ukukhulisa isimo senhlalakahle nesimo sengqondo.
Umdlavuza wegazi - izimpawu kubesifazane, izivivinyo
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinsolo ze-leukemia, i-oncologist yenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba wesiguli, iqoqa i-anamnesis, bese inikeza izivivinyo eziningana ze-laboratory nezinsimbi. Ukuze uhlolisise, ucabangela kuphela izimpawu ezibhalwe umdlavuza wegazi kwabesifazane, akunakwenzeka. Izimpawu ezingenhla zingase zibonise nezinye izifo ze-hematopoiesis. Ukuthola umdlavuza wegazi ngesikhathi sokuqala kunzima kakhulu kunokwakheka i-hemoblastosis ekupheleni kwesigaba sokuqhubeka. Ukuqinisekisa isifo esitshelwe, kuzo zonke izigaba izindlela ezifanayo zisetshenziswa.
Umdlavuza wegazi utholakala kanjani esiteji sokuqala?
Okokuqala, ochwepheshe uqondisa isiguli ukuba sinikeze phezu kwamanzi abilayo ukuze kuhlaziywe kabanzi kanye nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe. Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wegazi kwabesifazane ziyabonakala uma:
- izinga lamaplatelets liyancipha kakhulu;
- ku-fluid yezinto eziphilayo kukhona amangqamuzana amaningi angenakubhubhisa amancane;
- i-hemoglobin encane.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngeke kuphendule ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke i-oncologist ibeka isifundo segciwane le-hemopoietic - umthambo wethambo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, enye yezindlela ezilandelayo isetshenziswa:
- i-biopsy yakudala;
- i-puncture yangaphandle ;
- trepanobiopsy.
Ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza olwenzekayo, i-immunophenotyping yenziwa. Lokhu kuhlaziywa okukhethekile okwenziwa yi-cytometry technology technology. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa, izifundo zezibalo ze-genetic kanye ne-cytogenetic zenziwa. Banikeza ukutholakala kwezinto ezihlukile ze-chromosomal ezithatha i-subtype ye-leukemia, izinga lokuhlukumeza kwayo kanye nesilinganiso sokuqhubeka. Ukwengeza, ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo kutholakala ezingeni lemangqamuzana.
Ezinye ze-oncologists zibeka ezinye izinqubo zokuxilonga ezisiza ukuthola amangqamuzana amathumba kanye nama-neoplasms emzimbeni, ahlole izinga lokulimala kwamasistimu angaphakathi kanye nokukhula kwemetastases:
- ukuhlolwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid;
- i-imagination resonance magnetic nge-agent ehlukile;
- i-X-ray yesifuba;
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe yesifunda esiswini kanye nobuchopho;
- i-electroencephalography;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kwezitho zangaphakathi;
- i-dopplerography.