Awukwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo ezahlukene zebhaktheriya ezikhona. Odokotela ngokulula banquma ukuwasabalalisa wonke amaqembu amakhulu amabili: amagremu-aphansi namagciwane a-gram. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsizakalo ezincane eziyingozi ngokwemigomo ye-Gram. Isimiso sale ndlela sisekelwe ekugayeni amabhaktheriya anezinto ezikhethekile.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane a-Gram-positive
I-Gram-positive yilawo mabhaktheriya okuthi emva kokugcoba ngokwemigomo yeGrama, abe mnyama. Bahlala futhi babelethe emvelweni, izilwane nezilwane. Njengamanye amabhaktheriya amaningi, abameleli beqembu le-gram-positive bangabelana kahle kakhulu nomuntu, ngaphandle kokulimaza, uma nje ukukhiqiza kwabo kungenwe yisandulela ngculaza. Ngokushesha nje lapho izidakamizwa ezilimazayo zingathola ithuba lokuphindaphinda, zizokusebenzisa ngokuqinisekile.
Ama-bacteria ama-Gram ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- i-staphylococci;
- i-mycobacteria;
- Listeria;
- i-peptococci;
- actinomycetes;
- i-bacilli;
- i-clostridia;
- streptococci ;
- lactobacilli kanye nabanye.
Ezinye zazo ku-smears zihlukaniswa njenge-ger-positive anaerobic bacteria. Lezi zinyoni ezincane zihlukaniswa ukuthi zinamandla okuphila lapho kungekho oksijini esinikezwa khona. Kodwa emoyeni omusha bafa cishe masinyane. Amanye amalungu eqembu lama-microorganisms a-Gram-positive anerobic akwazi ukwakha izinhlamvu (isibonelo, clostridia).
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane a-Gram-positive
Ngokushesha ukulwa namabhaktheriya kuqaliswa, ngokushesha, kubuhlungu futhi ngokuphumelelayo kuyodlula. Njengemibukiso yokusebenza, ukusebenza okuphumelelayo kungabhekwa njengendlela yokwelashwa kuphela, kuhlanganise nemithi elwa namagciwane. Yilezi kuphela izidakamizwa ezisiza ukubhubhisa wonke amabhaktheriya nokubuyisela umzimba emva kwemiphumela yazo.
Ama-bacterium ajwayelekile kanye ne-aerobic agciwane angaphulukiswa ngalezi zindlela:
- i-beta-lactam;
- i-macrolides ;
- oxazolidinones nezinye.
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi amabhaktheriya afunde ukuvumelanisa nemithi eminingi. Futhi ngokufanele, ama-antibiotics kwezinye zezinyunyana ezincane zokwenza. Namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwezidakamizwa ezintsha kuqhubeka. Phakathi kwamathuluzi wamanje anempumelelo kakhulu:
- I-Daptomycin;
- Quinupristin;
- I-Tajciclin.