Umquba we-nitrogen - ukubaluleka kwezitshalo, indlela yokusebenzisa kahle engadini?

Uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kahle, umanyolo we-nitrogen uyazuza kakhulu, uvumela ukuthola isivuno esihle kunazo zonke ngisho nasenhlabathini empofu. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi uma inani elihle lokusebenzisa lalezi zinto lithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, izifo zabo ezibangela ukungcola nokungcola kwemvelo.

Umanyolo we-nitrojeni - ukubaluleka nokusebenza kwawo

Umbuzo wokuthi yiziphi i-nitrogen fertilizer, kubalulekile ukucabangela abalimi nabalimi bemifino abafuna ukuthola isivuno esihle ezindaweni zabo kusukela ngenkathi kuze kube yonyaka. Izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe enhlabathini enhlabathini enesihlabathi neyesihlabathi zihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokungabi nalutho kwalesi sici, isimo esihle kakhulu sibonakala kwi-chernozems ecebile. Uma izitshalo zakho zikhula kabi futhi zihlathini, amahlamvu aphansi, aqoshwe ngokuyinhloko embala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese udinga ukulungisa ngokushesha isimo ngokufaka umquba we-nitrogen.

Yini ephathelene ne-nitrogen fertilizer?

Ezolimo, ukwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, i-ammonia yamanzi kanye nama-nitrogen eqinile asetshenziswayo, lapho izinto eziyisisekelo zingaba khona ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Indima idlala kokubili umbuso jikelele kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okufaka umanyolo osetshenzisiwe. Umquba we-nitrojeni uhlanganisa uhlu olukhulu lwezidakamizwa, luhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana.

I-nitrogen engumanyolo oyinhloko okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen:

1. Ammonium sulfate - ammonium sulfate (i-nitrogen kuya ku-21%), i-ammonium chloride (kufika ku-25%), amanzi ammonia (kufika ku-20.5%), i-ammonia anhydrous (kufika ku-82.3%), i-ammophos (kufika ku-12%), i-ammonium sulfide kufika ku-10%).
2. I-nitrate - i-calcium nitrate (kufika ku-15.5%), i-potassium nitrate (kufika ku-13%), i-nitrate ye-sodium (kufika ku-16.4%).
3. I-ammonium nitrate - ammonium sulfonitrate (kufika ku-26.5%), i-ammonium nitrate (kufika ku-35%), i-calc-ammonium nitrate (kufika ku-20.5%).
4. Ama-amide umquba - i-carbamide (kufika ku-46.2%), i-calcium cyanamide (kufika ku-21%), i-urea-formaldehyde (kufika ku-42%), i-methylene-urea (kufika ku-42%).

Izakhiwo ze-nitrogen fertilizer

Indlela kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezici eziwusizo, umphumela we-nitrogen fertilizer ezitshalweni, kuxhomeke kakhulu kwifomu lapho kutholakala khona into esemqoka esebenzayo. Isibonelo, ifomu le-amide lihambelana ngokuphelele neqabunga lamagatsha futhi lifanelekile ukufaka umquba omquba, futhi ifomu le-ammonium kumele lihlangane nama-bacterium ukuze litholakale ohlelweni lwempande. Amafomu e-nitrojeni efomini ye-nitrate ayithinte ngqo izitshalo zemifino, izimbali nezihlahla.

Nini ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen fertilizer?

Indlela evelele ngaphambili, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kwenzelwa isembozo seqhwa, manje sekubhekwa njengephutha. Kulesi simo, izingxenye eziwusizo ngokuvamile zihlanjululwa ezindaweni eziphansi lapho kukhishwa iqhwa, ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ingozi yokusabalalisa okungalingani kwezinto ezisebenzayo endaweni. Ukunquma isikhathi nendlela yokufaka umanyolo, kudingeka ucabange izinga lokushisa kwemvelo kanye nohlobo lwe-nitrogen fertilizer, isifunda sezulu nesakhiwo somhlabathi.

Uma kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen umanyolo ekupheleni kwekwindla:

1. I-ammonium chloride - ngenhloso yokuhlanza i-chlorine eyingozi ngamanzi aqhakazile.
2. I-Carbamide - ingaba nomthelela omuhle enhlabathini enhlabathini enesihlabathi futhi enesihlabathi esimweni esifudumele nesomile.

Ukushisa kwe-spring nehlobo nge-nitrogen fertilizer:

1. Izinhlobo ezimile zomanyolo zivaliwe uma zitshalwe emigodini, zisakaze umuthi phezu kwesandla ngesandla ngokuphumelelayo kuphela sezulu.
2. Ukugcwalisa umquba emhlabathini nge-rakes, izinyosi, ukulimaza izimpande zokutshala izimila ezingapheli.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esinamandla sokunisela ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo.
4. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar okweluhlaza oluhlaza (i-urea yiyona engcono kakhulu).

Yimuphi umanyolo we-nitrogen engcono?

Abaqalayo bavame ukwenza ngendlela engalungile ukugqoka, ngaphandle kokucabangela ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali komkhiqizo owathengiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, imali esetshenzisiwe nemizamo ayifuni imiphumela ebonakalayo, izitshalo azitholi ukudla okunempilo efanele. Ukufuna umanyolo ongcono kakhulu we-nitrogen, udinga ukunquma ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa kwayo, isikhathi nendlela yesicelo. Isibonelo, udinga ukucubungula amalungiselelo amaningana athandwa kakhulu:

1. I-Carbamide ilungele uhlelo lokusebenza oluyi- foliar, alushisi amahlamvu, kufanelekile ukufaka umanyolo entwasahlobo, nakuba isikhathi sokubola siyoba sikhatsi eside kunaleyo ye-saltpetre.
2. I-Saltpeter - ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekwindla ngenxa yokuhlanzwa ngamanzi, kodwa ifaneleka ngokugcwele isikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo sonyaka-ntambama ngokugqoka okuphezulu nangesikhathi sokuhlwanyela.
3. Amakhemikhali e-nitrojeni equkethe amanzi - asheshe afakwe, ashibhile ukuthenga, abe nokuphila okude futhi asakazwa kalula kulo lonke isayithi. Ukungabi nalolu hlobo lomanyolo kunzima ukuthutha nokugcina, amathuluzi akhethekile adingekayo emsebenzini.

Umanyolo we-nitrogen engadini

Ngezinhloso zasendlini, kusetshenziselwa amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene amalungiselelo amaminerali noma izinto ezivela emvelweni, ezilungiselelwe ngesandla. Zonke umquba we-nitrogen wezitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana:

1. I-nitric fertilizers ekulungele - usawoti, urea, ammonium sulfate, amanzi ammonia kanye nabanye.
2. Amakhomikhali anamanzi ane- nitrogen - ammophos, nitroammophoska, i-diammophos, i-nitrophos nezinye.
3. Umquba we-Organic - i-peat, umquba , udoti olusha, uhlangothi, u-silt nabanye.

Umquba we-nitrogen wezitshalo zasendlini

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthenga umanyolo we-nitrogen for izitshalo zasendlini uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi, lapho, ngaphandle kwezinto eziyisisekelo, microelements, potassium kanye phosphorus kukhona. Efulethini kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile wezitshalo zezimbali, zithunyelwa emaphaketheni amancane nge-powder, amaphilisi, izikhwebu. Amakhemikhali e-liquid asezinhlakeni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze uzilungiselele u-nitrogen fertilizing, u-1 g we-ammonium nitrate, urea noma i-ammonium sulphate ingahlanjululwa ku-1 litre yokuma amanzi ahlanzekile.

Umanyolo we-nitrogen wemvelo

Ngokuvamile abalimi beloli bazama ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen wemvelo ukuze batshale izitshalo futhi babheke isingeniso esikhulu sokuqothula okuphilayo. Kukhona uhlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo etholakalayo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziwusizo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezitshalo:

1. Umquba wezimboni nezimboni - okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwezinto eziyinhloko ze-NPK ngokuvamile kuvame phakathi kwe-2: 1: 1, i-nitrogen - kufika ku-0.7%.
2. Umquba - okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen nezinye izinto kuxhomeke emvelaphi. Isibonelo, ezinyangeni zezinyoni, i-NPK ingu-3: 1: 1, futhi kumquba kusuka ezinkomeni ku-1: 0.5: 0.5.
3. Ama-ciderate - utshani oluhlanganiswe embhedeni lunenani eliphakeme, kaningi liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngaphezu komquba.
4. Imfucuza yasemakhaya - okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kufinyelela ku-1.5%.
5. Esikhathini se-lake silt se-nitrogen kuze kufike ku-2.5%.
6. Peat - kufika ku-3.5%.

Umanyolo we-nitrogen ngezandla zakhe

Ngisho kulawo makhaya lapho kungekho khona izinkomo noma izinkukhu, ungakwazi ukuzilungiselela ngokuzimela umquba we-nitrogen omuhle ekhaya ekhaya. Ukuze kulungiswe inqubo, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izinto kumabhokisi akhethekile noma imigodi. Iresiphi yokukhiqiza umanyolo ilula:

1. Silungiselela isitsha noma umgodi wesayizi esifanele.
2. Ngezansi kwakubeka amagceke amagatsha amadala emanzini.
3. Ubuningi bomquba bubekwe ubukhulu buka 1.5 m.
4. Ukwandisa inani lama-bacteria, ungangeza umhlaba noma ama-humus.
5. I-nitrogen eningi itholakala uma kusetshenzwa imikhiqizo yefulawa, lapho izithelo ezibola, udoti noma imifino.
6. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kunyuke izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwenqwaba, ngesikhathi isikhathi iphesenti yomoya we-oxygen ngaphakathi. Kudingeka ukushintshela kuze kube izikhathi ezine umquba ukuqinisa inqubo.
7. Ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa, amalungiselelo " Baikal ", "Shining", imvubelo (1 isipuni isipuni kanye 200 g ushukela per 1 litre amanzi) isetshenziswa.
8. Umquba ophelile unombala omnyama obomvu nokungahambisani okuxekethile.

Ungayifaka kanjani umquba we-nitrogen ekhaya?

Ukumnika isikhumba semifino kanye nezinye ukhula kuhle. Uma ugcina izinkukhu endlini, khona-ke umbuzo wokuthi ungayifaka kanjani umanyolo we-nitrogen, uxazululwa ngisho nokulula. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu libhekwa ngokuthi ukukhukhulwa kwezinkukhu namajuba, ukuchithwa kwamadada kanye namahansi kunezinto ezincane ezisebenzayo. Ukuze uthole ukumnika okungokomzimba, okokuqala uthele ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 1, futhi ngemva kweviki uketshezi olulandelayo luhlanjululwe 1: 10 ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Uma usebenzisa umquba owomile kuyadingeka ukuthi usakaze umanyolo ngesamba esingadluli u-0.2 kg / m ² embhedeni.

Umquba we-nitrojeni - ukulimaza abantu?

Ama-Ammonia kanye ne-nitrate ngamanani angenangqondo abe yizinyovu, ahlambalaze imvelo, izidumbu zamanzi ezingcolisayo. Ukulimaza kumanyolo we-nitrogen kubonakala ezindaweni eziningi, kunokufa okukhulu kwemvelo yasemanzini, kunezindawo eziningi ezifile eduze nogu lwezwekazi. Ukusebenza ngezidakamizwa eziyingozi kunezinto ezinobungozi futhi kubhekene nokuphathwa okungenandaba nokungcola, okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ze-nitrogen poisoning:

• ukuhlaselwa kwesaba okukhulu nokwesaba;
• ukuthuthumela emisipha;
• ukwephulwa komculo wokuphefumula;
• ubuthakathaka jikelele;
• izandla ezisesibhakabhaka nezindebe;
• i-arrhythmia;
• izinhliziyo zomzimba;
• ukushisa okuphezulu;
• ingcindezi eyengeziwe;
• ukukhwehlela okumanzi;
• ukulahlekelwa kokwazi.