Indlela yokutshala kahle ukhukhamba ngezithombo - imithetho ebalulekile ezoqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno esihle

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukutshala kahle ukhukhamba zibe izithombo, ngoba isitshalo kufanele silungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Kunezici ezithile eziphathelene nesikhathi sokutshala, izici zenqubo ngokwayo nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe.

Ikhukhamba izithombo - ezikhulayo ekhaya

Kukhona imithetho ephathelene nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezifanele zokutshala imbewu yekhukhamba:

1. Ukuze uthole intuthuko efanele, ukukhanya kubalulekile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukucacisa lapho amabhokisi anesithombo azobekwa khona. Akufanele kuthinteke imisebe eqondile yelanga. Ukukhanya kufanele kufikele izithombo amahora angu-12. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, sebenzisa ukuvuselela.
2. Ukukhula ikhukhamba izithombo kuhilela ukucabangela ukushisa kanye nomswakama. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamagqabi ama-cotyledonous, ama-indices kufanele abe sezingeni lika-30 ° C, futhi ngemuva kokuncipha kuya ku-19-22 ° C. Ukuze uhlume kahle ukhukhamba, phawula ukuthi umoya kufanele ube semanzi - ezingeni lika 70-80%.

Lapho ukutshala ukhukhamba izithombo?

Ukutshala kwisayithi udinga ukuthola izithombo ezinamandla futhi zakha. Isikhathi sokutshala amakhukhamba for izithombo kuxhomeke lapho izitshalo kamuva zizofakwa kabusha.

1. Kubo abamba ukushisa. Uma ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kuzokwenziwa ukushisa okufudumayo, kulungile ukuhlwanyela imbewu phakathi nobusika, kodwa kungokwesibhakabhaka esingasetshenzisiwe isikhathi esifanele ngoFebhuwari.
2. Emhlabathini ovulekile. Imiyalo yokuhlwanyela kahle ukhukhamba zibe izithombo ibonisa ukuthi izibalo zisetshenziselwa ukukhetha usuku lokuhlwanyela. Ukufika esakhiweni kwenziwa ngenkathi umhlabathi ushuthukile ku-15 ° C, futhi umoya - kuya ku-20 ° C. Ezindaweni eziningi, isikhathi kusukela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo kufanelekile. Izithombo zizokhula emavikini angu-35-, ama-5-4.5, okuzosiza ukubala isikhathi esifanele sokutshala.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yamakhukhamba okuhlwanyela izithombo

Uma usebenzisa imbewu yakho, khona-ke kumelwe kuqala i-decontaminated, ibeke isisombululo esibuthakathaka se- potassium permanganate . Ngemuva kwalokho, ukulungiselela imbewu yamakhukhamba wezithombo kufana nokugcina nokwaziswa okutshalayo:

1. Okokuqala, hlukanisa imbewu engenalutho, okuyi-1 tbsp. amanzi, qhafaza u-1 tsp usawoti, uhlanganise bese uphonsa imbewu. Okungenalutho okufakwe, futhi kufanele kususwe.
2. Uma imbewu ivuvuka kancane, isuse futhi uhambise amahora angu-10 esiqandisini, bese uhola amahora angu-6-8 ukufudumala eduze kwebhethri.
3. Isigaba sokugcina sokulungiselela imbewu ukusihlwanyela phezu kwezithombo sisuka . Ukwenza lokhu ngokufanele, uwabeke esiqeshini sendwangu noma ukotini lwekotini, ukumboza nokuphuthumisa. Faka endaweni efudumele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi indwangu ayimile.

Umhlabathi wezithombo zamakhukhamba

Imbewu yezitshalo ingaba ezweni elikhethekile, elidayiswa ezitolo. Kunconywa kukho ukungeza emgqonyeni owodwa wezinkuni ze-sawdust, kodwa i-biohumus kufanele ibe ngaphansi kabili. Ungenza umxube ofanele wena ngokwakho. Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi yezithombo zamakhukhamba kuhlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa ye-turf emhlabathini, i-peat kanye ne-humus, kanti enye i-1/3 ingxenye yesihlabathi somfula noma i-clayey sawdust. Kunconywa ukubeka umlotha okhuni emxeleni ophumela, ucabange ukuthi amalitha ayi-10 kufanele afake i-tbsp engu-1, kanye ne-urea ne-nitrofosses encane.

Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba ngezithombo?

Kunezinketho eziningi zokutshala imbewu, ngakho kukhona into ongayikhetha. Lokhu kungenziwa esitsheni esisodwa, ukugcina phakathi kwembewu ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa, kepha kuzodingeka ukuthi uqhube ukuhamba ngokulandelana. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa imbewu yekhukhamba ukuze izithombo zifeze izingcezu ezimbili ezinkomishi, kanye nokususwa okulandelayo kwesithombo esibuthakathaka.

Ukulima kwekhakhamba izithombo ezinhlakeni ze-peat

Ezitolo zebalimi beloli ungathenga izindebe ezikhethekile ze-peat, okufanele zigcwaliswe ngomhlabathi olungiselelwe, ungatholi ngokwanele ukuba ufike ku-1 cm. Ukutshala kwamakhukhamba kuma-peat pots for izithombo kungenziwa kokubili nge imbewu eyomile futhi egcwele.

1. Imbewu eyomile kufanele ikhule ngo 1.5-2 cm, ifafaze inhlabathi futhi ichotshozwe kancane. Izimbiza zikhonjiswe endaweni ye-pallet bese zithelwa esitokisini se-spray.
2. Ukuhlwanyela kahle imbewu ehlwanyelweyo, ukugoba ama-2 cm ejulile kwenziwa. Faka imbewu lapho, ufafaze ngomhlaba bese uyisebenzisa kancane. Bese ukhiqiza ukuchelela kusuka kusibhamu se-spray.
3. Kuzo zombili izimo, vala izimbiza ngefilimu, ukudala i-microclimate. Faka ama-pallets ekushiseni, futhi uma kukhona amahlumela, bese udlulisela endaweni ekhanyayo bese ususa ifilimu.
4. Izithombo zithunyelwa kusayithi ngokuqondile ezimbizeni ze-peat, ezizoba umanyolo owengeziwe. Ukujulisa ukuze iziqukathi ziqhubeke kancane ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ukukhuphula ikhukhamba izithombo ezinkomishi

Enye yezindlela ezivamile nezitholakalayo zembewu yokutshala, enezici zayo. Tshala ama-ukhukhamba ngakwesokudla:

1. Thatha izinkomishi zepulasitiki bese usika phansi kwazo. Beka emaphaketheni, bese ugcwalisa amathangi nge-primer yezakhi.
2. Ukutshala ukhukhamba ezindebe zokutshala kusho umquba kwisitsha ngasinye sembewu emibili ngo-1.5-2 cm. Okuphezulu ngendwangu encane yomhlaba.
3. Ngemuva kokunisela, sebenzisa isibhamu se-spray. Amakhono afaka ifilimu futhi ayithumele endaweni efudumele, kodwa kude nemisebe eqondile yelanga.
4. Uma amahlumela avela, susa ikhava. Enye yezithombo ezikhulile ezivela engilazi ngayinye kufanele isuswe, ishiye enye enamandla. Ukutshala amahlumela asekhulile esakhiweni kwenziwa ngokuguqulwa.

Ukunakekela izithombo zamakhukhamba ekhaya

Ukuze ufake kahle, udinga ukunakekelwa kahle izithombo. Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwezithombo zika ukhukhamba ngemuva kokuhluma kuphuza , okumele kwenziwe ngamanzi afudumele. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadli amanzi amaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande ziyobola futhi zizofa. Imvamisa yokuthambisa inqunywa isimo somhlabathi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uthathe ucezu oluncane lomhlabathi bese uzama ukugxuma kuwo ibhola. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke ukuchelela akudingekile, futhi uma umhlaba uphazamiseka, bese uwuthambisa.

Indlela ukondla izithombo of ukhukhamba?

Uma inhlabathi enhle isetshenziselwa ukutshala futhi kukhona imifino edingekayo kuyo, ke ukufaka umquba kungagwenywa. Izithasiselo zinconywa uma amaqabunga ephuzi, ama-drooping noma izithombo azange zikhule. Ukukhulelwa okwedlula izithombo zamakhukhamba kungenziwa ngekhambi lomlotha, ingxube ye-microelements, ngisho nokunyakanyiswa kwe-mullein noma ye-bird droppings. Kubalulekile ngemuva kokwengeza izithasiselo ukuze uthule umhlabathi kwisitsha.

1. Ngokuba izithasiselo zokuqala zenziwa ngemuva kokubonakala kwemaqabunga amabili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-urea, i-nitrate ne-superphosphate.
2. Esikhathini esilandelayo, umanyolo wanezela ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha i-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate noma i-organic.

Ukuthatha izithombo zekhukhamba

Lapho ufika ngamathangi ahlukene, ukukhethwa akukwenziwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka lapho kuvela amaqabunga wangempela. Ukuchaza ukuthi ngabe udinga ukuthatha izithombo zekhukhamba nokuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle, cabangela lezi zincomo:

1. Amakhekhe angenziwa ezitsheni zepeat noma izinkomishi. Lungisa ingxube yomhlabathi, okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni.
2. Ukuthola indlela yokutshala ngokucophelela ukhukhamba ngezithombo, kufanele kuboniswe ukuthi ngaphambi kokukhethwa, izithombo ziyanisela, bese zikhishwa nge-spatula noma i-spoon nge-clod encane yomhlaba. Dlulisela emgodini olungiselelwe, uthele kancane, ufafaze inhlabathi bese ucindezela kancane phansi.

Lapho ukutshala ikhukhamba izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile?

Lezi zitshalo zemifino zikhula ngokushesha futhi sekusele izinsuku ezingu-25-27 emva kokuhlwanyela kungenzeka ukuba zihlale endaweni enomphela. Sekukhulunywe kakade ukuthi ukutshala kwezitshalo zekhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile kwenzeka lapho umhlaba uhlaselwa okungenani u-15 ° C, futhi lokhu kuqale ngoJuni. Ngokwe-greenhouse, isikhathi esifanele sifike ezinsukwini ezingu-10-20 zikaMeyi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi lezi zimingcele zithembele endaweni yezulu. Kunconywa ukuqhuba ukuqina kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala: okokuqala, usuku lonke, umoya izithombo, bese uyithumela amahora ambalwa ukuvula umoya.

Izifo ze-ikhukhamba izithombo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo

Uma imbewu itshalwa ngokungalungile noma ukunakekelwa ithathwa ngamaphutha, khona-ke kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezihlukile. Imiyalo yokuhlwanyela kahle ukhukhamba ezitshalweni zikhombisa ukuthi uma imbewu ingaqhubeki, amaqabunga aphuzi, noma izithombo ziyabuna, lezi zibonakaliso zezifo noma ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Uma umswakama ukwanda, khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kokubola okumhlophe, i-powdery isikhutha, kanye nasezimpandeni kubonakala ukubola kwezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba sesicabucabu singasakazeka.

1. Uma izihlahla zithinta abantu abamnyama, izitshalo kumele zibhujiswe. Kusukela kulesi sifo se-ikhukhamba izithombo kungenzeka ukuvikela izihlahla ezingenalutho ngokuphathwa nge-fungicides ye-antifungal.
2. Ukuba khona kokubola okwempunga kufakazelwa yizintambo ezinkulu ezibomvu nezimpunga. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, izindawo zenkinga zifafazwe ngomlotha futhi zimise okwesikhashana ukunisela.
3. Uma kunamabala amhlophe noma abomvu ezitshalweni, khona-ke yi-powdery isikhutha, lapho zilwa khona ngokuthungatha izindawo ezithintekile ngomlotha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala kumele kuhlanzwa ngekhambi le-sulfur colloidal.
4. Kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ezimweni eziningi, kubonakala ukubola okumhlophe, okubonakalayo emhlophe. Ukulwa, izingxenye ezimele zifafazwe nge-lime-lint. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zihamba ndawonye futhi ziyeke ukuchelela.
5. Uma ubona amaphuzu aphuzi amhlophe futhi alula, inani lawo likhula njalo, khona-ke liyi-spider mite. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ibhulogi libonakala, libopha amaqabunga avela phansi. Ukuze ubhekane nezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele ngama-insecticide, isibonelo, i- "Phytoferm", "Agravertin" noma "Carbophos".
6. Ukuhlasela ukhukhamba, noma ngabe zitshalwe kahle, zingamanzi aphid, ezingabonakala engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga namahlumela. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuma. Uma izibungu zibonakala, kufanele zihlanzwe zisetshenziswe nge-discton disc eyayigxiliwe emanzini asozini. Uma lesi sifo sikhulu, ukwelashwa nge-insecticide kwenziwa. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngezikhathi kwezinsuku ezintathu.