Ulwazi mayelana nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala lokushisa, lungasiza kumuntu ongenalutho kumuthi. Amaphesenti angaphezu kwengxenye yalokhu kulimala atholakala endaweni efuywayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwezenzo ezivunyelwe kulo mcimbi.
Izinhlobo zokushisa nezici zazo
Ukulimala kuhlukile ngesizathu esibangele. Kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokushisa:
- ukushisa;
- amakhemikhali;
- ibhulogi.
Enye i-classification isekelwe izinga lokushisa.
- Okokuqala. Ukuhlunga isikhumba, ukuvuvukala, kunesifo soreness. Uhlaka oluphezulu kuphela oluchaphazelekayo.
- Owesibili. Ingqimba yesibili yesikhumba iphukile, ama-blisters ayengezwa kumpawu zangaphambilini.
- Okwesithathu. Izindwangu ezijulile zesikhumba zithinteka, ukuphela kwezinzwa nemithambo yegazi kuhlaselwa.
- Okwesine. Ukubhujiswa kwamafutha angaphansi, esimweni esibucayi - imisipha namathambo.
Ngemuva kokusizwa kokuqala kokushisa kunikezwa, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyadingeka. Isazi sithatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe, ngokususelwa ekujuleni nasezindaweni zesilonda. Ipharamitha yokuqala inqunywe yizinga, okwesibili ngamaphesenti kuwo wonke umzimba womzimba. Isandla somuntu sithathwa ngo-1% wendawo, ingozi ephezulu iqala lapho umbundu udlulile u-30% (izingane ezingu-10%) esimweni se-1-3 degree. Ngokwehluka kwesimo esinzima kakhulu lesi sibonakaliso sinciphisa sibe ngu-10-15%. Noma yikuphi ukushisa kobuso , indlela yokuphefumula, i-perineum idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ngokuzenzekelayo kuthathwa njengokuyingozi.
Ukushisa kwe-thermal
Kuleli klasi lokulimala, ngokusho kwezibalo, konke ukulimala okwesithathu kungokwakho. Isizathu sithonya lamazinga okushisa aphakeme, ngokuvamile lokhu kuyashisa ngamanzi abilayo, isithamela noma insimbi eshisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo zamaphrotheni zihlanganisa, amangqamuzana esikhumba abhujiswa futhi afe. Uma isikhathi eside futhi esiningi kakhulu ukuvezwa, izinga eliphezulu lokulimala lizoholela.
Ukushiswa kwelanga
Kungumphumela wokushisa kwezicubu nokuvezwa kwemisebe ye-UV. Kubonakala sengathi:
- ukubomvu, okulandelwa ukungakhululeki nokushisa ekupheleni kosuku, kudlula ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4;
- ubuhlungu obubomvu, kuhlanganiswe nokwakhiwa kwamabhule aneketshezi ecacile.
Okukhethwa kokuqala akudingi ukungenelela kodokotela, kufanele kuqondiswe kumacala alandelayo.
- Bhisa ubuso belanga. Ibonakala ngokuvuza okujulile futhi kungabangela ukonakala okukhulu.
- Indawo enkulu yokulimala ngokubunjwa kwe-blisters - nge-fluid ecacile noma enegazi.
- Kuthiwa ukukhukhumeza uma kwenzeka ukulimala ebusweni noma ezindaweni ezingekho ukulimala.
Ukushiswa kwe-Chemical
Ivela lapho isikhumba se-agent ekhemikhali, lapho kungabikho ukunakekelwa okwanele emaminithini okuqala we-hit, ukuhlukumezeka kungajula kakhulu ngaphansi kwengxenye yehora. Ukushisa kwe-Acid akuyingozi kakhulu kune-alkali. Esikhathini sokuqala, kutholakala isikhumba esomile, futhi esimweni sesibili, ukuhlakazeka okujulile kwezakhiwo zamaprotheni kwenzeka ngaphambi kwe- necrosis emanzi. Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kuyadingeka kunoma yikuphi, ngisho noma kuyisandla esincane esishisayo ngenxa yesenzo eside sezinto ezicukwaneni.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngokushisa?
Ukuphumelela kokubuyiselwa ngemuva kokulimala okunjalo kuxhomeke ekuziphatheni emaminithini ambalwa okuqala. Usizo lokushisa kufanele luhambisane nohlobo lwawo kanye nesilinganiso. Izincomo ezijwayelekile zilandelayo.
- Ukuqeda imbangela yalesi sifo, ukususa izinsalela zezambatho ezishisayo.
- Ukuhlanza ngamanzi abandayo imizuzu engu-10-20 yokupholisa, isikhathi eside asikwazi ukugcinwa ngenxa yobungozi be-vasospasm. Usizo lokuqala lokushisa ngamakhemikhali kufanele luqale ngencazelo yohlobo lwawo. Musa ukugeza nge-sulfuric acid kanye ne-lime esheshayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukwakheka kufanele kuqala kususwe esikhumbeni nge-napkin eyomile, ukugqoka amagilavu.
- I-Anesthesia nokufakwa kwebhande elibolile (ukufaka ishidi elihlanzekile endaweni enkulu).
- Khuluma nodokotela.
Isilinganiso sokuqala esingu-1
Izindwangu ezingaphezulu kuphela zesikhumba zithintekayo, okuvezwa ngokushisa, ukuvuvukala, ubomvu nobuhlungu. Ngemva kokupholisa indawo ethintekile, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i- Panthenol ukushisa amafutha. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa isikhumba siqala ukucima, ukuhlukumeza okungahle kwenzeke, ngemuva kokulimala, izindawo ezimibalabala zihlala. Imithi yendabuko ineziphakamiso eziningi, kunokuba isetshenziswe, ezinye zazo zingasetshenziswa, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga imithi. Zisebenza kahle futhi ziphephile.
I-degree yesibili ishisa
Ngemuva kwesikhashana ngemuva kokubomvu, ama-bubbles enza nge-liquid, ngemuva kokuphumelela kwemvelo, reddening ayanyamalala. Ukubuyisela kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili. Kunokuba ukhethe ukushisa, udokotela kufanele akhulume, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zendlu akuvumelekile. Ngokuzithoba ungakwazi ukupholisa kuphela indawo futhi usebenzise ibhande elimnyama eliyinyumba, ebelibizwa nge-ambulensi ngaphambilini. Amafutha, amafutha nanoma yiliphi ikhambi elinamafutha okushisa alikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ngoba liyisisekelo sokusakazwa kwezifo eziphilayo. Uma lokhu kuvunyelwe, inqubo yokuphulukisa iyoba nzima nakakhulu.
I-third degree burn
Kubonakala ngokulimala okukhulu kumisipha nesikhumba, futhi ezindaweni ezinkulu, ingozi yokufa iphezulu. Ekuqaleni, izisulu zizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, bese kuthi ukuzwela kwabo kanye nokukwazi ukubona okwenzekayo kuyancipha. Ukucindezela kwehla, ukushaywa kwehlisa amandla. Izindawo ezonakalisiwe zigcwele izilonda nezikhonda, ukuphulukiswa kuqedwa ngokubunjwa kwezibazi. Umphumela ongenakwenzeka ngokukhubazeka. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwenziwa esibhedlela.
Ngemuva kokuthola umonakalo onjalo, kuyadingeka ukuba ushayele i-ambulensi ngokushesha. Isiguli kufanele sinikezwe imithi eyeka ubuhlungu obunamandla, futhi ama-antihistamine injection angasetshenziswa ngaphezu kwalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-33% utshwala uphathwa futhi kusetshenziswe amabhandantshi angenayo, emva kwalokho usizo luhlinzekwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha esikhethekile. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuhamba wedwa, kufanele unikeze ngokushesha isisindo sokuphuza umzimba , unikeze isiphuzo esikhulu futhi uvikele izindawo ezimele ukuba ungaxhumani nanoma yikuphi ukuphakama.
Yini engenakwenziwa ngokushisa?
Ukupheka kwabantu kunemibono yabo nganoma yisiphi isifo, kodwa ukunikeza usizo ngokushisa kungcono ukugxila emithini esemthethweni. Nguye kuphela okwazi ukuphakamisa ukuziphatha okulungile uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, ezinye izinketho ziyoba ngcono kakhulu, futhi ezimbi kakhulu - ziyolimaza, ziphuze ukuphulukisa futhi ziholele ekuhluphekeni okukhulu. Lokhu kuyingozi nakakhulu uma kunenkinga enkulu yesikhumba, lapho noma yikuphi ukungenelela okungenzi lutho kuholele ukutheleleka ngokuvuvukala nokukhushulwa okulandelayo.
Yini engenakwenziwa ngokushisa okushisayo?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulimala kubangelwa yini - ukushiswa ngamafutha, insimbi, umusi noma amanzi, awukwazi ukwenza okulandelayo.
- Ukudalula amabhulashi, ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka okwengeziwe kwesikhumba kunethuba lokutheleleka.
- Gwema izingubo eziboshiwe esilonda, ngesikhathi sokuqala sokushisa, udinga ukususa izicubu ezivulekile kuphela.
- Thinta isikhumba esonakele, ngaphandle kwalokho ungafaka ukutheleleka.
- Sebenzisa uketshezi oluphuza utshwala kanye namafutha, ukwenziwa ngudokotela kuphela.
- Faka isicelo soboya bekotini ekushiseni, ngoba amafayili abanjwe esilonda enza kube nzima ukuphulukisa nokuphulukisa.
- Ukunamathela i-plaster ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-air exchange.
- Ukusebenzisa i-ice ukupholisa, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lingenza ngcono ukulimala, okuholela ezinkingeni zomjikelezo.
Yini engekwenziwe ngokushisa kwelanga?
Lapho ukushisa kwelanga kushisa, awukwazi:
- Sebenzisa amafutha emifino, ukhilimu omuncu nezinye izindlela ezingcono. Zigubuzela indawo ewonakele ngefilimu yezakhi ezisiza ukwandisa amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic. Okufanayo kuyasebenza ku-petroleum jelly namanye amafutha anamafutha.
- Unganaki isidingo sokuya esibhedlela uma kukhona ukushisa kweso, ubuso noma indawo enkulu yomzimba.
- Ekubunjweni kwebhulabhu ukuwagwaza, ngoba lokhu kwephula ukuvikeleka kwemvelo emiphumeleni eyingozi. Umphumela ungaba ukuvuvukala, okuyinto esikhumbeni esicasuliwe kuyoba yisithiyo esinzima ekuphulukeleni okujwayelekile.
- Sebenzisa izinhlobo zokupheka usebenzisa umchamo. Kunconywa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, kodwa ingaqukatha ama-bacteria amaningi angakwazi ukuhlala kalula esikhumba esonakele. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwenzeni ukonakala kwesibindi nokulondoloza isikhathi sokuvuselelwa.
- Ukuze usebenzise uketshezi olunezikhumba ezilahlekile zesikhumba, kuzoba nomphumela wokomisa, ukwandisa isimo.
Yini engenakwenziwa ngokushisa kwamakhemikhali?
Lapho uthola ukulimala kwamakhemikhali, akuvunyelwe neze:
- Sebenzisa amanzi ukugeza i-quicklime ne-sulfuric acid.
- Bamba izintambo zezicubu ngokuqondile kwilonda.
- Phatha umonakalo ngotshwala namafutha.
- Unganaki ukunakekelwa okufanelekayo, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa kwekhanda elimnyama, ubuso, intamo, isitimela noma indawo enkulu.
- Ukumisa futhi ukumanzisa izibhansela ezivela ekuthintaneni nesitshalo esinobuthi.