Izifo zendlebe zivame ukutholakala ezinganeni. Inqubo yokuvuvukala ingabhekwa njengezifo ezihlukile, kanye nokucindezeleka kokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela. Ama-antibiotics we-otitis ezinganeni awasetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka futhi ukwelashwa okuyisimangaliso.
Ngidinga i-antibiotic ye-otitis?
Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwesidakamizwa salesi sifo kuncike kuhlobo lwe-otitis, iminyaka yobudala, isiteji senqubo yokuvuvukala. I-antibiotic ku- otitis ayisetshenziselwa inkambo encane futhi elinganisiwe yesifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungabhekana nalesi sifo ngosizo lwamaconsi, amafutha okugcoba, ama-balms, okucindezelayo okwenziwe endlebeni. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezo zimali kufanele zibekwe kuphela udokotela. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezingakhethi zingathinta impilo yengane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-otitis ngama-antibiotic kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngamafomu angenasifo noma angapheli. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Kanye nama-antibiotics, okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa:
- anti-inflammatory;
- abaphulukisi.
Pathogen otitis ezinganeni
Ukuvuvukala indlebe emntwaneni ngokuvamile kuvame ngokusho kohlobo:
- i-otitis media;
- exudative otitis media.
Ngohlobo lokuqala, ingxenye ephakathi yendlebe ishintshwe. Lokhu kuhambisana nobuhlungu obunzima, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukweqa ukuqala kwesifo. I-Otitis media yezindlebe eziphakathi ezinganeni zivame ukubangelwa amagciwane, kodwa kwezinye izimo ingabuye ibe ngamagciwane. Phakathi kwezifo eziyinhloko ze-otitis media enkulu:
- i-pneumococcus ;
- i-haemophilus influenzae ;
- Igciwane lesifo se-syncytial (rsv);
- umkhuhlane wegciwane;
- i-adenovirus;
- i-rhinovirus.
I-exudative otitis media ihambisana nokuqoqa oketshezi endlebeni ephakathi. Azikho izimpawu zokutheleleka (ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ukubika akugcini). Ukuthola lesi sifo kunzima. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sidlula ngokwawo, ngakho akudingeki ukuba usebenzise ama-antibiotics. Odokotela bathatha amaqhinga okulindela, balandele impilo yengane, baqhube ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha i-otitis ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics kumntwana?
Kungenzeka ukwelapha ingane ye-otitis ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics. Lapho echaza isidakamizwa futhi ekhetha indlela yokwelashwa, odokotela bacabangela izici eziningana:
- iminyaka yengane;
- ukuqina kwesifo;
- imiphumela yocwaningo.
Ukwelashwa kwabantwana kuze kube yiminyaka emibili kuvame ukwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial. Kubalulekile ukuthi izindlebe noma eyodwa zithintekile. Ifomu elinamandla, le-purulent lesi sifo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic akakwazi ukukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izimpawu ze-otitis ezinzima zinganyamalala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 zokwelashwa okuphawulekayo, umbuzo uvela ngokuqokwa kwe-antibiotic. Isidakamizwa kufanele sikhulume udokotela kuphela.
Ngiziphi i-antibiotics okufanele ngiyithathe nge-otitis?
Ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa kuxhomeke ngokuphelele kuhlobo lwe-pathogen. Ngokuvamile, ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-antibiotic lapho u-otitis ezinganeni usebenzise khona, uhlaziye ukuhlaziya okuphuma emlonyeni noma ubeke umfutho emanzini. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela basebenzisa izidakamizwa eziningi. Isikhathi sokuthi ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic sinqunywe ngabanye. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukwamukelwa kwemali enjalo kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-5-7. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-6 yokwelashwa zingase zibe nezinsuku eziyi-10 (ngesimo esibi se-otitis). Phakathi kwamaqembu asetshenziselwa ama-antibiotics:
- i-penicillin;
- cephalosporins;
- macrolides .
I-penicillin ku-otitis
Ukukhuluma ngokuthi yimiphi imithi elwa namagciwane ebizwa ngokuthi i-otitis ezintweni ezisetshenziswa izingane, endaweni yokuqala izingane zenza ama-penicillin. Zibekezelela kahle umzimba womntwana, zibe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswe ngendlela yamathebulethi, nasekumiseni (kubantwana). Isilinganiso, imvamisa kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kuboniswa udokotela ngabanye.
I-penicillin iphumelela ngokumelene nezinambuzane eziningi ze-pathogenic. Usebenza ngokucindezela ukukhula kwawo, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokukhiqiza. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aqukethe le nxenye:
- Amoxicillin;
- I-Flemoxin ;
- Amoxiclav;
- Sulfatamycilin.
Cephalosporins nge-otitis
Ukwelashwa kwe-otitis ezinganeni ezine-antibiotic kungenziwa ngosizo lwaleli qembu lezidakamizwa. Zisetshenziswa kaningi lapho ukungabekezelelani komzimba wengane ye-penicillin. I-Cephalosporins ine-effect ebizwa ngokuthi i-antimicrobial futhi ayifuni neze ukuthi ibangele ukusabela. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aleli qembu asetshenziselwa izingane zokwelapha, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:
- I-Cefuroxime;
- I-Aksetil;
- Omnitsef.
Sebenzisa ama-antibiotics nge-otitis media kubantwana ngokuqapha. I-Cephalosporins esebenzisa isikhathi eside ingaphazamisa i-vitamin K. Lezi zinto zithatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekwenzeni i-hematopoiesis, ehlanganisa uhlelo. Odokotela bayakuqaphela leli qiniso, bebeka idatha ye-antibiotic ye-otitis ezinganeni. Uma kudingekile ukusebenzisa i-cephalosporins, odokotela bezingane banciphisa isikhathi sokusebenzisa kwabo ezinsukwini ezingu-5.
I-Macrolides ku-otitis
Lawa ma-antibacterial anamuhla ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-otitis ezinganeni. Zisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ekulawuleni ama-microorganisms a-Gram-negative. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-macrolide ahileleke ekusebenziseni uhlelo lokuzivikela komntwana, oluvimba ukuqhubekela phambili kokuvuvukala. Ngenxa yomphumela wokuzivikela, le antibiotic yokuvuvukala indlebe ayikhuthazwa izingane zasenkulisa.
Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aleli qembu asetshenziselwa izingane zokwelashwa, umuntu angahlukanisa:
- I-Clarithromycin;
- I-Roxithromycin;
- I-azithromycin.
I-antibiotic engcono kakhulu ye-otitis
I-antibiotic ekutheni ingane kufanele ikhethwe ngayinye. Ngokuqokwa kwalesi sidakamizwa, udokotela wezingane ucabangela izici eziningana:
- iminyaka yengane;
- uhlobo lwe-pathogen;
- isigaba sesifo.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, kungacatshangwa ukuthi imithi yonke yokulwa ne-antibacterial ezosiza ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izimo azikho. Abazali kufanele balandele ngokucacile imiyalelo kadokotela futhi bangaboni ingane yabo ukusebenza komuthi, okwathi ngokomngane, wasiza ingane yakhe. Izenzo ezinjalo zingalimaza ingane.
Uphonsa ezindlebeni nge-otitis ene-antibiotic
Leli fomu lemithi lisetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwezifo zezindlebe. Ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-otitis media, amaconsi e-antibiotic ayindawo yokuqala yokuqokwa kwezingane. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izingane:
- I-Neladex iyilungiselelo elihlangene eliqukethe i-antibiotic kanye ne-anti-inflammatory component. Kakade emva kokugxilwa kokuqala, izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwehla: ukucindezeleka kwehla, ukukhukhumeza kwehla. Lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala kwe-glucocorticosteroid emaconsi. Isidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izingane ezindala, emva kweminyaka engu-12.
- I-chiprofarm - umuthi ubhekisela ku-fluoroquinolones. Leli qembu lemithi elwa namagciwane livimbela ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kwama-bacterium (Gram-negative bacteria). Isetshenziswe kusukela eneminyaka engu-15.
Ukumiswa ku-otitis
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezinsana, izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial ngendlela yokumisa zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulula ukulandelela nokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa. Ama-antibiotic anjalo we-purulent otitis angabekwa ukuba ukwelashwa kwezingane. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa:
- Okufakwe ngokubhaliwe yi-macrolide ye-spectrum ebanzi. Isidakamizwa esikhishwe ngesimo sokumiswa ngomlomo singasetshenziswa ezinyangeni ezingu-6. Umuthi unenambitheka enhle, ngakho izingane zithatha injabulo. Isilinganiso sibalwa udokotela ngokucabangela isisindo somzimba wengane. Thatha umuthi 1 isikhathi ngosuku.
- I-Augmentin yisidakamizwa semisynthetic. Isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izingane ezinyangeni ezingu-3. Thatha izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku, umthamo ubalwa ngamunye.
- Ukuphakama - kubhekisela ku-cephalosporins. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-otitis media yendlebe ephakathi ezinganeni ezindala kunezinyanga ezingu-6. Isilinganiso kanye nemvamisa yokwamukelwa kuhlelwa udokotela wezingane.
I-antibiotic kumaphilisi
I-antibiotic ku-otitis media kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 ivame ukubekwa ngendlela yamathebhulethi. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kule njongo yilokhu:
- I-Clacid iyi-macrolide ye-spectrum ebanzi. Ifomu elibhekiwe lingasetshenziswa ukuphatha izingane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Isilinganiso kanye nemvamisa yokwamukelwa isethwe ngabanye. Isikhathi sokwamukelwa siyizinsuku ezingu-5-14, kuye ngokuthi ubuhlungu besifo.
- I-Amoxiclav - i-antibiotic yochungechunge lwe-penicillin, elimele inhlanganisela ye-amoxicillin, i-penicillin, i-clavulanic acid. Emaphilisi kusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Umthamo ubalwa ngokusho kwesisindo sesiguli esincane.
Ama-injection ku-otitis
I-antibiotic yokuvuvukala indlebe emntwaneni ngesimo sejojo ​​isetshenziswa lapho ukwelashwa ngamaphilisi nokumiswa kungasebenzi. Ama-antibiotic afana ne-otitis ezinganeni nawo asetshenziswa lapho lesi sifo sitholakala esiteji sekwephuzile - kudinga ukuqala kokuqala komphumela wokwelapha. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ngesisombululo sezijovo:
- I-Ceftriaxone yi-cephalosporin yesizukulwane sesithathu, esetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-purulent otitis. Umthamo ubalwa udokotela. Isidakamizwa singasetshenziswa kusukela ekuzalweni.
- I-Cefazolin - i-powder yokulungiselela isisombululo somjovo. Isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izingane kusukela enyangeni eyodwa.
- UCefipim - oqokwe ngamacala ahlukile. Udaba olumile ngenxa yokulungiselela ukulandelwa kwezifo (imijovo). Kuyinto antibiotic eqinile ne uhlu olukhulu nemiphumela emibi. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana zinikezwa izidakamizwa esibhedlela ngaphansi kweso lokulinda odokotela.