Unyaka wonke ungathenga ama-eggplants amasha emakethe, ukulima nokunakekelwa ekushiseni okushisa ngoba lezi zitshalo zifundiswa ngokuphelele futhi azimeleki eziyinkimbinkimbi enkulu ngisho nasensimu yase-amateur. Izithelo zalezi zitshalo ezimnandi ziye zithengeka futhi zithengeka ngokufika kwezinto ezintsha zokulungiswa kwediza ngaphansi kweglasi.
I-arborini engcono kakhulu yokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo
Emgodini ovaliwe, i-microclimate idalwe ngokungafani nemibandela yemvelo endaweni yangaphandle. Ababelethi kufanele baqaphele ukubhekana nezinhlobo ezintsha ezikwazi ukuthela izithelo kahle ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka sokufakelwa, ngokucabangela ukuvelela kweziqabunga ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa. Abalimi bemifino abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuthenga imbewu yezinto zokuqala nezitshalo zokuqala, izinhlobo ezincane zokukhula kweSolceceae ezingadingi ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza ngamandla ku-garter ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Izinhlobo zokushisa eziqandayo:
- I-Balagur
- Bagheera
- Sophia
- I-Purple Miracle F1
- I-Nutcracker F1
- I-Fabin F1
Uhlobo olungavamile lwezithelo ze-carp nokuvunwa yizinhlobonhlobo zeBalagur. Ngesitshalo seqanda esisodwa, ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izithelo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ezithandeka kakhulu zemibala ekhanyayo ye-lilac enesikhumba esincane nomzimba omuhle ziqoqwe. Ama-shrub akhule ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5, aphikisana nezifo ze-fungal.
Uma udinga izinhlobo ezisheshayo, iBagheera kufanelekile ngalokhu ngokuphelele. Kusukela kumbewu yakhe, ama-eggplants ahlangene nokukhiqiza okuphezulu akhula, akhula futhi ashiya endlini yokushisa angeke kube yinkinga. Izihlahla ezincane zingahlwanyelwa ngempumelelo ezinkomeni ezihlukene ngenhlanganisela yezakhi. Izithelo zivuthiwe eBagheera ezikhazimulayo, ezithakazelisayo, ezibomvu ezibomvu.
Lolu hlobo luzohambisana nomnikazi wendawo encane yokushisa. Kuyinto yokuvuthwa kwekwephuzile, kodwa iguqulela kahle kunoma iyiphi imvelo. Umbala wezithelo ungumnyama futhi i-violet, inyama yemifino ayiyona into ebuhlungu, ifomu le-aubergine liyi-pear-shaped. Ukungabi nokuhlukahluka - udinga ukuphalaza izifo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo.
I-Hybrid iyafaneleka engadini, kodwa ngaphansi kwengilazi inikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu. Isimangaliso esibubende singamelana nesibungulu, isicabucabu , sinikeza izithelo zakuqala ezilinganiselwa ku-135 g. Ama-eggplants ehlathini awuhlobo lwama-cylindrical, lwalugobile kancane, lunomzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omhlophe ongeyona into ebuhlungu.
Le hybrid iyi-isitshalo seqanda esakhiwe ngokukhethekile ekukhuleni nasekunakekeleni endlini yokushisa. Umkhiqizo we-Nutcracker unomhawu - u-19.5 kg umitha ngamunye wendawo yokuvala. Izithelo zivuthiwe ngaphansi kwama-250-350 g, ziboshwe ezihlathini ekuqaleni, emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100 ungakwazi ukuqoqa imifino evuthiwe. Inkomishi yesithelo iyinhloko, kodwa igcinwa kahle.
I-Hybrid ifaneleka kubafundi be-eggplants ekhwalithi e-ultra-fresh, ene-excellent mushroom ukunambitheka. Ubukhulu bezithelo buncane, bubomvu obomvu, bunesithombeni esihle kakhulu esikhumbeni. Ku-spider mite, lesi sitshalo seqanda asinamandla, i-verticillosis nezinye izifungi eziyingozi azivame ukuthinteka.
Ukutshala i-arborine endaweni yokushisa
Ukuhlela ukutshala kwesitshalo esithisa ukushisa kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Emibhedeni udinga ukuhlanza ukhula, iziqu ezomile, ama-debris. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngezindlela eziningana, ukuze ama-fertilizer asele asele ahlanjululwe. Endabeni, indlela yokutshala ama-eggplants ku-abamba ukushisa, awukwazi ukuzinqanda ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezwe ngamanzi abilayo kufanelekile, esikhundleni sendawo engenhla isetshenziswe ungqimba lwama-20-25 cm nomhlabathi omusha ovundile. Ungenza i-lime (100 g ngalinye ngomitha owodwa wesigcawu somhlaba wokushisa) noma uhlaziye imibhede ngesisombululo se-formalin 40% (25 ml ngetitha elilodwa lamanzi).
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-aubergines endaweni yokushisa?
Ekamelweni ngaphandle kokushisa udinga ukwazi ukubala isikhathi sokuqala kokutshala isitshalo seqanda. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulima izinga lokushisa lendawo ngaphakathi lingekho ngaphansi kwe-18 ° C, kanti inhlabathi - 15 ° C. Esifundeni ngasinye sezulu, ukuqala kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngezithombo kungase kuhluke, enyakatho kungukuqala kukaMeyi, futhi ezindaweni eziseningizimu umuntu angaqala ukutshala kusukela ngo-Ephreli. Esikhathini sokushisa okufudumele kahle, ukunakekela izitshalo kulula. Lapha, abanikazi abanolwazi abawazi kahle indlela yokutshala ama-eggplants ku-abamba ukushisa, ubeka isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ngokwawo ngesimo semakethe.
Kuphi ibanga isitshalo seqanda esitshalwe ku-greenhouse?
Ukulima nokunakekelwa kwezithombo kwenziwa ngezimbiza ezihlukene ezigcwele ingxube yezakhi. Ukutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kwenzeka emigodini elungiselelwe mayelana no-20 cm ngokujula. Ukujulisa kwezithombo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elingaphansi kwenhlabathi lincane - kufika ku-1 cm. Izihlahla zalesi sitshalo zinomumo wokusabalalisa, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwama-eggplants ku-greenhouse liyakwazi ukumelana no-40-45 cm. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukushiya isikhala phakathi kwebala - 60-65 cm. Ngendlela efanele, uzothola ama-saplings angu-5 nge-1 sq. M.
Yini okufanele utshale ama-eggplants ku-abamba ukushisa?
Ukuhambisana kwama-aubergini ku-greenhouse yindaba ebuthakathaka, hhayi ngezo zonke izinhlobo zamasiko abahamba kahle. Omakhelwane abamukelekayo yizitamatisi. Uma utamatisi unezinhlobo ezide , bese uhlela ukutshala ukuze bangaphonsa "okwesibhakabhaka" isithunzi esinamandla, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nokuvunwa okuhle kwezithelo. Ukhukhamba udinga izinga elihlukile ngokuphelele lokuswakama, ngakho-ke ukunakekela futhi ukhule nabo ngesitshalo seqanda akukhuthazwa. Ungatshala umnsalo ebamba lokushisa, amahlumela aluhlaza angaphazamisi nightshade yethu enhle.
Ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo seqanda ku-greenhouse
Awukwazi ukuthola isivuno esiphakeme futhi esihle kakhulu ngaphandle komsebenzi wokuvimbela. Ukuxazulula inkinga, indlela yokukhulisa ama-eggplants ku-abamba ukushisa, badlala indima ebalulekile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwembewu, ukulawula ukhula nezinambuzane, izitshalo zakho ezihle kahle zizofihla ngokushesha izimpande futhi zime, zithinteke ukutheleleka okungenangqondo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ama-aergergini akhula:
- Ukwelashwa kwembewu emanganese noma i-hydrogen peroxide.
- Ukuqothulwa komhlaba emva kokutshala ngonyaka odlule.
- Ukushisa nokulawula umswakama.
- Sebenzisa ekunakekeleni imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kanye nemvelo uma isifo noma inkathazo kwenzeka.
- Ukulawula ukhula.
Isitshalo seqanda ku-greenhouse - inhlabathi
Ingxube yomhlabathi yalesi sitshalo ilungiswa kusuka ezintweni ezitholakalayo. Uma kunjalo, indlela yokukhulisa ama-eggplants ku-abamba abamba ukushisa, kusetshenziselwa indawo ye-turf engaba ngu-10%, i-peat engu-60%, i-humus 20%, isanti elihlwanyelwe kakhulu noma i-sawdust engu-5%. Ukugcwalisa ukuxuba komsoco nama-fertilizer kwandisa isivuno esikhulu kakhulu ngenkathi kunakekelwa ngamasiko omzwelo omzwelayo. Ngobusuku bokumba kwenhlabathi, umbhede ugcwele ingxube yamaminerali azuzayo. Ku-1 sq. M enhlabathini unikezela izibuko ezimbili zomlotha futhi ngezipuni ezinamakhomikhali alandelayo: i- saltpeter , i- superphosphate ne- potassium sulfate .
Indlela yokwakha ama-arborini ku-abamba ukushisa?
Uma izitshalo zikhululeka ngokukhululekile emhlabathini, isithelo sisheshe sibole, udinga ukukhetha enye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi noma izitshalo zezitshalo ezitsheni zokugcina izithombo:
- Ukwakha isitshalo seqanda ku-greenhouse ngendlela endala usebenzisa izigxobo, lapho iqembu le-4 nightshade lihlwanyelwe ngesigcawu futhi liboshwe ekusekeleni okuphakathi.
- Indlela yesibili yokunakekelwa ukukhulisa isitshalo esiswini esisodwa sokususwa okuqhubekayo kwamahlumela aso.
- Indlela yesithathu ephumelelayo yokubunjwa ukushiya amagatsha amabili noma amathathu enqamula isitshalo seqanda emva kokuyibamba futhi ayifake e-trellis.
Isitshalo seqanda sigqoka ebamba lokushisa
Ukuhlukumezeka kwezidakamizwa kuyingozi futhi kuholele ekunobuthi nge-nitrate, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo okulinganisela kahle kukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-solanaceae. Ama-eggplants akhula endaweni yokushisa adinga ukukhulelwa okwesithathu noma okuhlanu. Eyokuqala yenziwa amasonto ambalwa emva kokutshala isithombo. Ngaphambi kokuhluma, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i- azofosca (izipuni ezingu-3 ibhakede ngalinye), izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi ze "Kemir jikelele" noma "i-Rastvorin". Lapho isithelo sibonakala, i-mullein isetshenziselwa ukumnika (ukuhlushwa 1:10) noma uketshezi oluvuthiwe kusuka kokhula nemvubelo.
Ukunisela ama-arborini endaweni yokushisa
Lezi zitshalo zikhonta ukutshala okumanzi okulinganayo, lapho inhlabathi iqhutshwa njalo, futhi emoyeni iphesenti elincane lomswakama. Enkambeni, indlela yokunakekela ama-arborini ku-greenhouse, kudingeka uzame ukuletha amanzi ekuseni. I-microclimate enhle isisiza ukugcina umquba ovela ezinaliti noma ama-agrofibers nokuhambisa nge-timely zokugcina izithombo. Ukuphuza kokuqala kwenziwa izinsuku ezinhlanu ngemuva kokutshala. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcwale inhlabathi ibe yi-15 cm ejulile ngaphandle kokushayela amaqabunga.