Ngaphandle kwamabhishi amahle nokuvakasha okuthakazelisayo emadolobheni aseMalta , izivakashi eziningi zikhanga lapha imfihlakalo enkulu kakhulu kulezi ziqhingi - lezi zingamathempeli amancane. Zibizwa ngokuthi izizinda zangaphambili, ezinye zazo ezigcinwe kangcono, ezihlonishwa njengefa lamasiko le-UNESCO.
Imfihlakalo yezinhlaka ezingenalutho
Amathempeli aseMalta aseMegalithic awakhiwe, kusukela ngo-5000 BC, ngakho-ke asebenza njengesizathu sokwenza umlando womlando wasendulo weziqhingi zaseMalta.
Emkhatsini walezi zakhiwo kunezinhlobo eziningi zemigqa nemibono, okuyizona eziyinhloko zazo ukuthi zakha bani lezi zithempeli nokuthi zakhiwa kanjani? Ziningi, zakhiwe ngamatshe amancane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zakhiwe ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ensimbi, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu - ngaphandle kwemishini yokwakha yanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zendawo, ezahlala cishe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kamuva, zazingakholelwa ukuthi umuntu ovamile angazakhela. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwavela amangakwane amaningi ngalezi zithempelini, kubandakanya nabantu-iziqhwala abazibakhayo.
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi izakhiwo ze-megalithic eMalta zivele kakhulu kunasezweni laseYurophu, futhi zikhulile kunamapiramidi aseGibhithe okungenani iminyaka engu-1000. Zibhekwa njengezakhiwo ezindala kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
Futhi, ngenxa yezifundo eziningi, ososayensi baye basungula ukujwayela: phakathi nendawo yokucubungula kwemithi kunamathuna, futhi nxazonke, endaweni ethile, kuye kwakhiwe amathempeli.
Amathempeli asele kuze kube yilolu suku
Kutholakale izindlu ezingcwele ezingu-23 eMalta. Ngesikhathi sethu, eziningi zazo zibhujiswa noma zichitheka, kodwa ngisho nezinsalela ziyamangalisa ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu.
Namuhla, amasonto amane kuphela ahlala ekulondolozwe ngokulinganayo:
- I-Ggantija yinkimbinkimbi yamathempeli amabili anezingeniso ezahlukene, kodwa udonga olulandelayo olungemuva. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yi-megalith endala futhi iphakathi nendawo yesiqhingi saseGozo . Isakhiwo se-Giantia esiphezulu esingaba ngu-6 m ukuphakama, amabhlogo ayo omngcwabo afinyelela ku-5 m ubude namathani angu-50 ngesisindo. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi kwakhiwa, isimiso sokuqashiswa kwamatshe sasetshenziswa - amatshe agcinwa ngengozi yesisindo. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, izindawo zitholakale ngokulenga izilwane ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa umhlatshelo ne-altare.
- I-Hajar Kim (Kvim) - i-megalith enkulu kunazo zonke futhi egcinwe kahle, itholakala eduze nomuzi waseKrendi - 15 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeValletta . Ima egqumeni futhi libheke olwandle kanye nesiqhingi saseFilfla. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yamathempeli amathathu, kuphuma phakathi kwezinye izinto eziqoshiwe ezindongeni zonkulunkulu nezilwane, imivimbo emangalisayo. Emngceleni weHajjar Kim kukhona negceke kanye nenkundla.
- I-Mnajdra iyinkimbinkimbi yamathempeli amathathu ukuthi kusukela ekuphakameni konke kubonakala kufana namapheshana e-clover. UMunaydra umi ogwini olusenyakatho, eduze kwaseHajar Qim, e-ironing esiqhingini esifanayo sasePhil. Ukuqakatheka kwalo ukuthi kuhloswe ekuphumeni kwelanga ngesikhathi se-equinox ne-solstice. Kwakukhona iziqu ze-statuettes, amatshe nodaka, amagobolondo, imihlobiso ehlukahlukene, i-ceramics, amathuluzi we-silicon. Futhi ukungabi khona kwamathuluzi ensimbi wezabasebenzi kukhuluma ngemvelaphi yayo ye-neolithic.
- I-Tarchien - eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke futhi ezithakazelisayo ekwakhiweni kwemiklamo yokwakha eMalta, inamathempeli angu-4 anama-altare amaningi, ama-altare, okukhombisa izinkolelo zenkolo ezijulile zakwaMalta yakudala. Kuze kube manje, ingxenye engezansi yesithombe samatshe sodadekazi wasendulo ekungeneni kwelinye lamathempeli, elithathwe emnyuziyamu, ligcinwe, futhi lapha ikhophi yalo ishiywe.
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Ungafika kanjani kuthempelini?
I-Ggantija itholakala esiqhingini saseGozo, emaphethelweni edolobheni laseShara. Ungafika kulesi siqhingi ngokuthutha umphakathi, isibonelo, ngesikebhe esivela eChirkevvy (kunebhasi №645, 45 kuya eSykewwa), lapho ufika - shintsha ibhasi elihamba edolobheni laseNadur, lapho kudingeka khona. Bese ulandela izimpawu, indlela esuka esitokisini kuya ethempelini izothatha imizuzu eyi-10.
Ukuze ufike ethempelini likaHajar Kwim, udinga ukuthatha inombolo yebhasi 138 noma inombolo 38, uvela esikhumulweni sezindiza, bese usuka endaweni yeHajar. Kusuka eKhadrag Kwim, kufanele uhambe ngaphasi kwekhilomitha eduze nogogo ukuze ubone ithempelini le-Mnaydra.
Ithempeli laseTarjen lisendaweni kaPaola , kungenzeka ukuba ufike kuyo kusukela esigungwini esiphakathi saseValletta ngamabhasi uNombolo 29, 27, 13, 12, 11.
Izindleko zokuvakashela amasonto zihluka kusuka ku-€ 6 ukuya ku-€ 10.
Izizathu zokuphela kwempucuko yasendulo eMalta zihlala ziyimfihlakalo kuze kube yilolu suku. Kodwa lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani amasonto amaningi ebhujiswa, kunezizathu eziningana zokucabanga: ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuchithwa kwamazwe, izimpi eziye zafakwa lapha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamatshe ethempelini emisebenzini yezomnotho yendawo yakamuva yendawo.
Izifundo zamasonto amancane aziyeki. Uma ufuna nokuthinta umoya wempucuko yasendulo eMalta, mhlawumbe ukwenza ukubuka kwakho futhi umane ubabaze umsebenzi oyingqayizivele, ohlelekile oqondakalayo waseMalaysia wasendulo, yenza uhambo oluthile okungenani elilodwa lamathempeli. Mhlawumbe, kungenxa yakho lapha ukuvula imfihlo.