Okuwukuphela okunye okusebenzayo ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic kusuka kuma-bacterium we-pathogenic kuze kube yimanje yiziphahla noma ama-bacteriophages. Ziyizigciwane eziqondile ezithinta izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhakhazane. Amaqembu amaningana ayaziwa ngemithi, lapho ama-bacteriophages ahlukaniswa khona - izinhlobo nezinhloso zalezi zinambuzane zakha isisekelo senqubo ejwayelekile evunyelwe.
Iyini i-bacteriophages?
Kukhona imindeni engu-19 yama-virusi obuzwayo. Zihlukile ngohlobo lwe-nucleic acid (i-RNA noma i-DNA), isakhiwo somzimba nesimo.
Ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha, i-bacteriophages ihlukaniswa ngokwezinga lokubhujiswa kwama-bacterium e-pathogenic:
- Okumangalisayo. Igciwane, ukungena kumaseli ezincane, liqala ngokusheshisa futhi likhuthele, cishe liholela ekufeni kwamabhaktheriya (umphumela we-lytic).
- I-moderate. I-bacteriophages kancane kancane futhi ichitha kancane kancane isakhiwo sezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic, kodwa ibangele ushintsho olungenakuguqulwa kuzo, ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo ze-microbes (effect lysogenic).
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezichazwe zegciwane ziyasetshenziswa njengenye indlela emithi elwa namagciwane ukuze ukwelashwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-bacteria. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zabo, kubalulekile ukuphawula izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ifomu elula yokukhululwa. Ama-bacteriophages akhiqizwa ezibhebheni futhi ngendlela yesisombululo sokuphathwa komlomo.
- Imiphumela emibi embalwa. Ngokungafani nama-antibiotics, i-bacteriophages engaphansi kancane ibangela ukubonakaliswa kokugula, ayikhiqizi imiphumela emibi emzimbeni emzimbeni.
- Ukungabi nokuphikisana kwama-microbial. Ama-bacterium anzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa namagciwane, futhi imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi ayinakwenzeka.
Kukhona ukungalungi:
- isikhathi eside semithi (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-20);
- ubunzima ngokukhethwa kweqembu elifanele lemithi;
- ukudlulisa i-genome ye-bacteria kusuka kwenye i-microbe kuya kwenye.
Izinhlobo ze-bacteriophages nokusetshenziswa kwazo
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi yiziphi amagciwane ezichazwe, emithi, ama-bacteriophages amaningi nezinkimbinkimbi aqukethe izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zincane ezincane.
Lapha, yiziphi i-bacteriophages - uhlu kanye nencazelo:
- Isisu. Kuphazamisa kabi izifo ze-typhoid fever, i-salmonella.
- I-Dysfag, i-dysentery polyvalent. Esetshenziselwa uketshezi lwebhaktheriya, kubangela ukufa kukaShigella Sonne noFlexner.
- Klebsifag, Klebsiella pneumonia. Siza ekwelapheni izifo ze-urogenital, ukugaya ukudla, uhlelo lokuphefumula, izifo ze-septic pathologies, izifo ezihlinzekwa yi- pneumonia klebsiella .
- Klebsiellezny polyvalent. Kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ebulala uKlebsiella hhayi kuphela ukuphefumula, kodwa futhi ama-rhinoscleromas, ozena.
- I-Colitis, uma. Ukuphumelela ekwelapheni kwanoma yiziphi izifo zangaphakathi nezesikhumba ezibangelwa u-E. coli enteropathogenic E. coli.
- I-coliproteophage, i-coliprotein. Iphazamisa kakhulu amagciwane angaphakathi kwe-Proteus ne-Escherichia. Kuhloswe ukwelashwa kwe-colpitis, i-cystitis, i-colitis, i-pyelonephritis nezinye izifo ezibangelwa ngamathumbu emathunjini kanye ne-prost.
- Iproteophagus, i-Protean. Kubangelwa ukufa kwe-proteus microbes mirabilis ne-vulgaris ethize, okungukuthi ama-causative agents of pathologies okuvuvukala amathumbu emathumbu.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lysers amabhaktheriya pseudomonas aeruginosis. Kunconywa ukuba i-dysbiosis, kanye nokwelapha ukuvuvukala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomzimba ezibangelwa uPseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylophage, staphylococcus. Ukuphulukisa ngokushesha i-staphylococci, ekhishwa ngenxa yesifo esithile se-purulent.
- I-Streptophagus, i-streptococcal. Kufana nendlela yokwenza ibhethriophage yangaphambilini, kodwa isebenza ngokumelene ne-streptococci.
- Intersti. Kuyinto elula ukulungiselela i-salmonella, i-shigella, u- E. coli , i-staphylococcus, i-enterococci, i-pseudomonas aeruginosa ne-proteus.
- I-piopolyphage, i-piobacteriophage ehlangene. Ikhambi lifana nezinhlobo zangaphambilini, kodwa futhi liphumelela kusuka ku-streptococci.
- I-Sextapage, i-pyobacteriophagous polyvalent. Ukwengeza ubulala escherichia coli.
- I-piobacteriophage eyinkimbinkimbi. Ingxube ye-phagolysates ye-enterococci, streptococci, staphylococci, vulgaris kanye nama mirabilis proteasis, klebsiella oxytoca kanye ne-pneumonia, escherichia coli, i-pseudomonas aeruginosis.