Umhlobiso wangempela wensimu yi-dahlias, ukutshala nokunakekela izimbali ezikhanyayo akubangeli inkinga ekhethekile, kodwa banezinkolelo zabo. Izimila zivumelane ngokuphelele nezimo zezulu zezwe lethu. Bangabomndeni wama-astrove, okuthiwe uhlonishwa udokotela wamabhodlela odumile wasePetersburg uJohanna Georgi.
Ibukeka kanjani njenge-dahlias?
Ama-dahlias aseJalimane angama-tuberous plants, ukuphakama kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlathi cishe ngo-30 cm, izinhlobo ezide zifinyelela ku-2 m. Amabhasikidi ahle kakhulu, enziwe ngamagundane, imibala ehlukahlukene - emhlophe, yonke imifino ye-orange, pink, ebomvu, ephuzi. Ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukubona ama-hybrid amabili anemibala emibili. Ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezivulekile ezikhulile ezikhula isikhathi eside, kodwa ingxenye yomhlabathi ehlathini ekwindla yawo iyafa entanyeni impande. Dahlias - incazelo eningiliziwe:
- isitshalo sinesiqu esingenalutho esiphezulu samasondo ehlezi ephahleni;
- izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu nokubunjwa kwezimbali ezinemibala eminingi. Amafihlethi amancane afana nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-10 cm, ngama-giants ubukhulu bebhasikidi budlula u-25 cm.
Dahlias - izinhlobo
Ngokusho kwezingcaphuno ze-rosettes dahlias zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Izinhlobo ze-Nymphy terry zikhula zibe ngu-70-130 cm, zineziqabunga zemizimba engacacile 7-20 cm ngaphesheya, efana neminduze yamanzi;
- i-dahlias elula engaphansi komhlaba ifinyelela ku-45-60 cm ukuphakama, amacilongo abo e-tubular phakathi nendawo kanye nomugqa owodwa we-rosette engxenyeni ifomu le-10 cm ngobubanzi;
- Izinhlobo ze-cactus ziyisitshalo samasentimitha angu-90-150 ubukhulu, ama-inflorescences aphindwe kabili ahlanganisa izingongolo ezibukhali ezihlanganisiwe, 8-25 cm ububanzi;
- i-pompon dahlias ifinyelela inani elifinyelela ku-90-120 cm, amabhasikidi e-terry anomumo webhola 5 cm ububanzi;
- Izimbali ezinjengePion zinezikhala ezincane phakathi nendawo nemigqa eminingana ephezulu. Umbala we-corolla - obomvu, obomvu, obomvu;
- Izinhlobo ze-Globular zinama-90-120 cm ubude obukhulu, amabhasikithi aluhlaza angama-8-15 cm akhiwa emahlumela;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zekhola ziyi-shrub kuze kube ngu-120 cm. Izimbali zazo zihlukaniswa umbala ongajwayelekile. Banomugqa ongaphandle ohlangothini lwamagundane (elibomvu, ophuzi, obomvu), ngaphezulu kwawo ungqimba olufushane, oluboshiwe, oluhle kakhulu;
- izinhlobo ze-anemonic eziphezulu kuya ku-90 cm eziphakeme zinemibala ebomvu, i-violet-yellow, izimbali zethusi ezilinganisa ububanzi buka-10 cm. Ibhasikidi liqukethe isikhungo se-tubular esinezikhala kanye namagundane amaningana amancane.
Indlela yokutshala ama-dahlias?
Ukuthola i-dahlias enemibala engadini, lapho utshala futhi ikushiya udinga ukukhetha indawo efanelekayo. Ukulungiswa komhlaba:
- inhlabathi esakhiweni kumele ibe ngamanzi aphethwe yiwo wonke, aphelelwe kahle, ayenze acidic noma angathathi hlangothi;
- ekwindla ngesikhatsi sokumba, isayithi licebile nge- compost - 3-5 kg nge 1 m 2 ;
- Entwasahlobo, ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi kuqukethe ukugqwala okuphindaphindiwe nge-compost kanye nophuni lomuthi.
Beka amahlumela kangcono ku-penumbra ekhanyayo, lapho isikhathi sokuvuna sesiko sizoba khona. Isayithi lokungenisa indawo lingcono ukushintsha unyaka wonke, ungasebenzisi amasayithi ngemuva kwabalandeli. Isimo esibalulekile yilezinga elilinganiselwe lomswakama. Lapho utshala kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa uhlaka lwamanzi lwezitini eziphukile, ubumba obunwetshiwe. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezimbali zithathwa ukubola, ngakho akufanele zibekwe ezindaweni eziphansi. Ukutshala i-dahlias emhlabathini kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-albe noma imbewu. Esikhathini sokuqala, kuzodingeka ubhekane nenqubo yokumba nokugcina izimpande.
Indlela yokutshala ama-dahlias ngezilimo eziyizigaxa?
Indlela yokutshala ama-dahlias ngezilimo eziyizigaxa:
- Ngo-Ephreli, izimpande zilungiselelwe - zihlutshiwe kusuka emahlumela omisiwe, ususe izindawo eziqothukile, uthathe izingxenye ngemvelo.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe emkhunjini nge-peat noma ingxube yezakhi, ukuze zikhuphuke ngo-2-3 cm ngaphezulu, futhi zigcine amasonto amabili ekushiseni kwe-18 ° C nokukhanya okuhle.
- Uma amaqabunga evela kuwo, ama-bulb anqunywe, ngakho-ke kucezu ngalunye kukhona i-ovary enezintambo impande.
- Zisakhula ebhokisini kuze kube yilapho ukudubula kufinyelela ku-10 cm, bese utshalwe emhlabathini.
- I-Pit for dahlias iyadingeka 40x40x40 cm, faka umquba ophumula ngaphezulu.
- I-Lukovychka ifakwa ukuze intamo yempande ibe ngamasentimitha ambalwa aphezulu kunomhlabathi.
- Emva kokutshala, izithombo ziphuziswa ngamanzi abandayo futhi zihlanganiswe ngendwangu ye-woody bark.
- Emazingeni aphakeme, izimbobo zihlelwe eduze kwemigodla, ngakho-ke ukuthi isitshalo esincane siyasiqhayisa umoya.
Indlela yokutshala ama-dahlias embewu yasentwasahlobo?
Ngosizo lwembewu, izinhlobo zonyaka kanye nonyaka ongaqedwa zingakhula. Indlela yokutshala ama-dahlias emhlabathini entwasahlobo:
- Izitsha zamaplastiki zisetshenziselwa lokhu. Imbewu ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli isakazeka esihlabathini esicwecwe, sifafazwe, siswakanyiswe, sigcwele i-cellophane.
- Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-25-17 ° C imbewu ihluma izinsuku ezingu-10, bese isetshenziselwa izimbiza ezihlukene.
- Njengomxube we-primer kufanelekile - umthamo owodwa we-peat nesihlabathi kanye nomhlaba weqabunga amabili. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhethwa, inhlabathi iphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
- Ngemuva kokutshala kabusha, izithombo ziyanisela njengoba i-substrate ikhala, ngemuva kokuthi ingagxila emhlabathini.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-dahlias emhlabathini ovulekile?
Izimbali zifakwa endaweni evulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune, lapho i-dahlias isivele isetshenziswe ngokuphepha - umhlaba ushushu, usongo lwe-frosts entwasahlobo seludlulile. Abanye balimi bahlehlisa isikhathi isikhathi sangaphambili. Kodwa-ke udinga ukufafaza ngokucophelela ama-bulb noma izithombo nge-mulch (sawdust, peat) kusuka emaqanda aphindaphindiwe angabhubhisa. Uma utshala lesi sitshalo sekwephuzile, izimbali ezizayo zizofika ezinyangeni ezishisayo kakhulu zasehlobo kanti amabhasikidi azoshisa ngokushesha.
Dahlias - ukunakekelwa nokulima
Ukutshala kanye nokunakekela kusho ukuchelela okunamandla, umanyolo wesayithi, ukukhipha ukhula. Ukutshala umhlabathi kwenziwa njengokhula lukhula. Ukusuka ekukhuculeni kungalahlwa, njengoba i-dahlias ekhulayo ilula uma ugcwala indawo ngezimbali. Utshani obomile kanye ne-sawdust kuzosiza ukulwa nezikhwama futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzovumela inhlabathi ukuthi ingawume ngisho nasezinsukwini ezishisayo. Ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-dahlia kufanele zibekwe. Ukunakekela izimpande ebusika:
- Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokumba amahlumela zisuswa esihlahleni futhi zimbozwe nge-foil, ukuze umswakama ungabanjwa;
- ebusika ushiye ama-5-10 cm we-stem ezimpandeni;
- izilimo eziyizigaxa zicutshungulwe kude no-30 cm, amafoloko akhipha i-clod yomhlaba, ugeze ama-bulb bese uwabeka ukuba omile;
- ukukhubazeka okwenziwa mechanical phezu kwabo bafafazwa ngamalahle;
- gcina impahla yokutshala e-+ 3-5 ° C endaweni enomoya omuhle esitsheni esinesihlabathi esomile noma i-sawdust kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Izimbali ze-dahlia - izici zokuchelela
Ukunakekela ama-dahlias kuhilela ukuchelela okunomusa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto (uma kungenakho imvula). Kodwa awukwazi ukuvumela ukuqhuma komswakama ngendwangu yesitshalo, kungenjalo kuyoholela ekubola. Amanzi kufanele abe khona ukuze amanzi agubungele inhlabathi ibe yi-30 cm ejulile - lokhu kwanele ukwenza imbali ithole umthamo ofanele wokukhipha amanzi. Ngobushushu obunamandla ukugcina umswakama kuzosiza ekukhuphukeni ehlathini. Ngaphambi kokunisela okulandelayo umhlabathi kanye nombhedezi kusukela esitsheni kumele kukhishwe, ngemuva kokugcoba - uphinde ufafaze isitshalo.
Ungadla kanjani ama-dahlias?
Ngesikhathi sokuphuza kuyinto elula ukwenza umquba ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Indlela yokunakekela ama-dahlias ngokugqoka:
- Njalo emasontweni amabili engxenyeni yokuqala yenkathi isitshalo sikholwa, sichitha izingxenye zamaminerali kanye nezindaba eziphilayo - i-ammonium nitrate (15 g per m 2 ), ukuxuthwa kwe-mullein 1:10 noma ukudonsa kwezinyoni 1:20.
- Uma kufika izinso ezincane, kunconywa ukuba wengeze ama-superphosphate nama-potassium compounds emhlabathini ngesilinganiso se-30 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi - kuyoba ngokwanele kuma-specimens angu-8.
- Umanyolo kulula ukwenza - emgodini wehlathi uthola imbobo, i-bait ifakwa kuyo, iphuziswa futhi ifafazwe umhlaba.
Ingabe bayabamba ama-dahlias?
Phakathi nonyaka wonke, kubalulekile ukuqeda amafihledi aphelile, ukuze kungabikho ukubonakala kwamasha. Emazingeni aphezulu, kungcono ukuchofoza izinqubo ze-lateral, ezihlahleni ezikhula kancane lokhu akukwenziwanga. Ukususa amaqabunga ezingeni lika-30-40 cm kusukela empandeni kuthuthukisa ukushintshanisa umoya phakathi kweziqu. Ukuze uthole ama-inflorescences amakhulu ama-dahlias, okukhulayo kuhambisana nokususwa kwe-buds ngokweqile. Esinye isihlahla ngesikhathi esifanayo ushiye amabhasikidi amabili namahlumela amathathu. Lokhu kuzothola izimbali ezinkulu nokuhlobisa.
Izimbali dahlias - izifo nezinambuzane
I-Garden dahlias, ukutshala nokunakekelwa okwenziwa ngokusho kwe-agrotechnics, ukugula okuncane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi bangakwazi ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane noma amagciwane asakazekayo. Izifo, izinambuzane nezindlela zokulwa nazo:
- Ama-earwigs, izibungu zesicabucabu , ama-aphid namacimbi ziyi-parasite eyingozi kunazo zonke. Ukunakekela i-dahlias iqala, uma ivela, ihlathini kanye ngesonto kusihlwa okufakwe nge-decoction yomhlonyane noma i-celandine. I-bubble yesepha ingasetshenziswa kusuka kuma-aphid. Uma kunezinambuzane eziningi, ukwelashwa nama-insecticide kuyadingeka.
- Amahlumela amancane adonsela kakhulu ama-slugs, ewahlupha ngesikhathi semvula. Ukuze kuvikelwe, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ingafafazwa ngothuli kagwayi noma iphopper ebabayo.
- Uma kunama- wireworm amaningi emhlabathini, i-chlorophos ifakwe kuwo nge-rakes.
- I-mottledness yama-mosaic ngenxa yamagciwane ayiphathwa. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwezinye izitshalo, isihlahla esithintekile kufanele siguwe futhi sishiswe kanye nezimpande.