Lesi sitshalo siyinsimu e-blueberry eyaziwa e-USA, yeza eYurophu ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule futhi yasungulwa ngokuqinile emaqeshini asehlobo nasezindaweni zezimboni. Amajikijolo ayaziwa ngokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi nomuncu, anamazinga afanele we-acids noshukela. Zifanele ukulondolozwa nokuqhwaza, kuyilapho zigcina ukunambitheka kwazo nezakhiwo zokwelapha.
I-Gardenbribri - incazelo
Ubumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cishe obumnyama, obugcwele ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kwamajikijolobhisi, abaningi abathanda. Zibanzi futhi ziyinyama, zikhula ezihlahleni, zine ukunambitheka okuvelele. Izithelo zigcwele izakhi eziwusizo, ama-100 g amajikijolo aqukethe u-0.81 g we-potassium, u-0.01 g wezinsimbi kanye no-0.14 g we-vithamini C. Unomphumela wokwelashwa ezinso, inhliziyo, ukuthuthukisa umbono, ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini , khuthaza ukuvalwa kwesisindo somswakama. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bafuna ukuhlakulela le berry-isimangaliso engadini.
Incazelo emfushane yenkambiso:
- izimpande zesitshalo ziyi-umbilical, ngaphandle kwamagatsha ase-lateral;
- amahlumela - akha, ahlanganiswe namagxolo;
- Isihlahla, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, sinokuphakama kwamamitha amabili;
- ushiya ubushelelezi, wonke, i-lanceolate, kuze kube ngu-3 cm ubude;
- izimbali eziyisihlanu ezinama-toothed, ezinama-pink noma ama-white whisk;
- amajikijolo anombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngeqhakabhaka elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisindo - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-25 amagremu, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu zensimu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehlobo kakhulu ezimbozwa amajikijolo ombala wasezulwini, eziqinile. Zikulu kunamahlathi futhi ziphikisana nezifo eziningi. Lesi sitshalo sijabulela ukuhlobisa njalo unyaka wonke - siqhakaza entwasahlobo, sihluma kahle ehlobo, amaqabunga abe ama-coral ekwindla. Kubantu, enye ikhwalithi yesitshalo iqaphelwa - ekushiseni ithola amafutha abalulekile, okuyinto lapho inhaled kubangela umuzwa wokunxila okulula. Ngakho-ke, isiko sasibizwa ngokuthi "udakwa".
Izinhlobo ze-blueberries engadini
Abalimi bakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi nezinhlamvu zemifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (cishe ngo-20), ezahlukahluka kwezici zazo. Izithelo zokuqala zihlalwa ngoJulayi-Agasti, ngasekupheleni kuka-September. Kukhona izitshalo ezide neziphansi, eziningi zazo ziphikisana nesithwathwa, ukushisa kwentwasahlobo kubeka ingozi ezimbali. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemvelo ezivela emazweni asenyakatho - abaphethwe yisikhathi bayakwazi ukuvuthwa ngamaphesenti angu-30 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kanye nezinhlobo zakuqala zihlonyelwe kangcono ezindaweni eziphakathi.
Insimu yaseBlueberry - izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu:
- I-Blueberger Garden Northbloom. Izinhlobonhlobo zifushane, isihlahla sifike ukuphakama kwama-90 cm. Amajikijolo avuthwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, isivuno - kuze kufike ku-3 kg emhlathini. Izithelo zinkulu, zigcinwe isikhathi eside, zinconywa ukusetshenziselwa izimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha. Izinhlobonhlobo zaseNorbblo zibhekene nokuqedwa kwamaqhwa, akusho ukuthi ziyanyamalala -35 ° С.
- Ingadibhilikhi ingadi Elizabeth. Isiko elide, sinokuphakama kwehlathi elingama-1.8 m. Amajikijolo aqala ukuqhubeka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, fruiting ihlala cishe amasonto amabili, isivuno - 4-6 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye. Zikhulu (kufika ku-22 mm.), Zine isikhumba esibomvu, esiphundu nesiphunga. U-Elizabeth - enye yezinhlobo zokuphumula ezingcono kakhulu ukunambitheka nokunambitha, naphezu kokuthi isabelo sesivuno singase singabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
- Ibhonasi yeBlueberry Garden. Lesi yisiko esikhulu kunazo zonke nesidala kunazo zonke. Amajikijolo afinyelela ku-30 mm. ububanzi, uvuthwe ngoJulayi-Agasti, okumnandi ukunambitha. Zifanele ukusetshenziswa okusha nokuqhwa. Ezihlukahlukene zibekezelela ukubandayo.
Izinhlobo zakuqala ze-blueberries engadini
Amajikijolo ama-blueberries angakujabulela kakade phakathi nehlobo. Izinhlobo zakuqala ezidumile kakhulu:
- I-Blueberries Garden Blugold. Izinhlobonhlobo zakudala, zinesihlahla esasakazekayo. Izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zine inyama enomsoco, ekulungele ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Amajikijolo abuna, adinga ukuqoqwa masinyane. Ukukhiqiza - 4,5 kg kusukela ehlathini. Amasiko ngokuvamile abhekana nesithwathwa, afaneleke emaphandleni asenyakatho.
- Isinkwabhakabhaka Duke. Ukude, ukunikeza (8 kg kusukela ehlathini), ezihlukahlukene zakuqala ezingesabi ukhilimu entwasahlobo - izimbali ziboshwe ngasekupheleni, amajikijolo avela phakathi kukaJulayi. Izihlahla zezitshalo ze-blueberry Isikhumba kumele sinqunywe ukuze izithelo zikhulu. Amajikijolo anomnandi kakhulu futhi anuka.
Indlela yokutshala ama-blueberries engxenyeni engadini?
Uma unquma ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-blueberry engadini, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo eziyisisekelo zezimo zokulima kwazo:
- khetha indawo yelanga, embozwe emoyeni (emthunzini isivuno sizoba mnandi futhi sincane);
- ukucacisa ubuhle be-asidi yenhlabathi - inkomba iyadingeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye 3.5-4.5 (ukuqiniswa kwepharamitha, i-sawdust evela enkuni ye-coniferous iyongezwa);
- isayithi lokutshala kumele lime iminyaka eminingana "ngaphansi kwesithambile" (akukho okuzohlala phansi);
- inhlabathi idinga i-loose, air-permmeable (inhlabathi yobumba ayifanele izimpande);
- isikhathi sokutshala - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kunokwethenjelwa kubusika obusasa.
Indlela yokutshala i-blueberry engadini?
Izincomo - indlela yokutshala insimu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:
- Izimbobo zokutshala zimba ububanzi obungama-60 cm no-40 cm;
- beka i-substrate elungiselelwe-sphagnum peat, i-coniferous sawdust, i-moss;
- emgodini ufake 2 tbsp. izinkezo ze-sulfure zenhlabathi acidification;
- Izithombo ezivela ebhodweni, kanye nephunga lobumba, ziyancipha emanzini isigamu sehora, khona-ke isimiso sezimpande sixoxwa kahle futhi amahlumela atshalwa emigodini;
- Ngemuva kokugxilisa insizwa, inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu iyakhuphuka futhi ifakwe.
- Kusukela phezulu, umhlaba uboshwe nge-sawdust obukhulu obuyi-5 cm, uma uhlanganisiwe, kusetshenziselwa i-nitrogen ne-acids.
Ikhuphuka kanjani i-blueberry engadini?
Amasiko iyisibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke izinga lokutshala i-blujibriji lenziwa emigqeni ngezikhathi ezithile ukusuka kwesinye isithombo kuya kwenye i-1.5 m, phakathi kwemigqa - 1 m. Imingcele enjalo yamiswa ngenxa yezici zesitshalo, ezingakhula zibe yizikhulu ezinkulu, futhi amagatsha alala phezu kwenhlabathi. Ngaphansi kwesimiso esinjalo, isiko sithola ukukhanyisa okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi sikhuthaza ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukunakekela ibhilikrikhi engadini
Ukususwa kokhula kungumthetho obaluleke kakhulu wokulima. Azikho izitshalo ezithengiswayo ezivunyelwe - zivala ama-pores enhlabathini bese ziphuza ukudla kwesihlahla. Ukujula kokukhipha - 10 cm, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande. Ukukhula okunezintandokazi zamajikijolo kuncike ekutheni okunekhono lokunisela - ingadibhilikhi engadini inomswakama-onothando, ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-substrate kufanele luhlale lumanzi. Lapho kushisa, kuyadingeka ukuba unisele umqhele ngamanzi afudumele ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwezinto kuhlinzekela ukusika izihlahla kanye nokufaka umquba, ngoba ingadi yeblujikijolo ifaneleka kuphela ekukhuliseni ngamaminerali. Ngesikhathi sasebusika izisekelo ezihlahleni zihlanjululwa nge-sawdust.
Umhlabathi we-blueberries engadini
Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi, i-peaty nenhlabathi, kulula ukungena emanzini nasemoyeni. Isiko sikhula kahle kuphela enhlabathini e-acidic nge-pH ka 3.5-4.5 - kuyadingeka ukuze i-fungus ehlala ehlathini futhi idlale indima yezinwele ezimpande, ezingekho esitshalweni ngokwazo. Ngemuva kokutshala, lapho okwakukhona khona isibabule nezinaliti emgodini we-acidification, ukunakekelwa kwe-blueberry engadini kunikeza ukuchelela okuhlelekile. Okungenani kabili ngesonto, i-citric acid (50 amagremu ibhakede ngalinye) yengezwa ketshezi. Kungenziwa esikhundleni salona uviniga - 50 ml. ama-10 amalitha amanzi.
I-Gardenberry okwesibhakabhaka - ukuchelela
Lesi sitshalo sinama-hygrophilous kakhulu, sidinga ukunyakaza kwamanzi njalo. Izihlahla zezitshalo ze-blueberry kumele zithuthukise uhlelo lokunisela, lapho izimpande ziyokwazi ukuthungwa khona, kodwa ngeke zithole isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Hlanganisa ama-blueberry kabili ngeviki, uthele ibhakede lamanzi ngaphansi komuthi ngamunye omdala ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ikakhulukazi isihlahla sidinga ukuhluma ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, ngemuva kokuhluma kwemifino yezithelo ezizayo.
Ukondla ama-blueberries engadini
Ukutshala isitshalo kuqala kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokulima futhi kwenziwa ngemuva nje ebusika kuphela ngamaminerali amakhemikhali. Engeza umquba ophilayo ( umquba , umlotha, umquba) awunqatshelwe - awuthinti kabi isihlahla. Okufanele ukondle intwasahlobo yasensimu ye-blueberry ukuze uthuthukise ukukhula kwawo:
- superphosphate (amagremu angu-100 ehlathini ngalinye);
- i-ammonium sulfate ;
- i-zinc sulfate (2 g. ehlathini);
- sulfate of potassium (2 g. ehlathini ngalinye);
- I-magnesium ye-sulfuric (15 g. Ehlathini).
I-ammonium sulphate isungulwa ngezigaba ezintathu - ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwenhlabathi, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi noJuni. Ngokwesilinganiso, gqoka 90 g. Ngesihlahla. I-blueberry yensimu ngokwayo ikutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okudingekayo:
- Uma amahlamvu ehluma entwasahlobo, ama-phosphates adingekayo;
- uma ziphelile futhi zincane, i-nitrogen iyenezelwa;
- ukumnyama kwamaqabunga kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium;
- ukuphuza - ukuntuleka kwe-boron.
Ukutshala izihlahla ze-blueberry
Kuwo wonke unyaka ukudla amajikijolo amnandi, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avuke, noma ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwehla, isihlahla kufanele sinqunywe. Indlela yokukhulisa ingadi ye-blueberry ngokumiswa komqhele:
- Ukusika izihlahla ezisemqoka kwenziwa 3-4 eminyakeni emva kokutshala isivuno. Lokhu kudonsa wonke amahlumela aphansi, abuthaka futhi akhula kakhulu. Shiya ngokuqinile futhi ngendlela efanele;
- Njalo ngonyaka, ukusika izihlahla kuqhutshwa. Ukwenza lokhu:
- ukulahla amagatsha abonakalisiwe, abuthakathaka, angakhululekile;
- amahlumela amakhulu akhonza iminyaka engu-5-6, emva kokunqunywa phansi;
- ekupheleni kwehlobo, iziqongo zamagatsha akhulayo ahlulwa;
- susa izinqwaba zamagatsha amancane emaphethelweni amahlumela.
Izifo ze-blueberry jardin
Izihlahla ngezikhathi ezithile zihlaselwa yizifo, izifo zebhaktheriya. Izifo ezivame kakhulu:
- Izifo ze-fungal:
- ukubola kwempunga ;
- Umdlavuza womuthi;
- ukulimala kwelanga;
- i-fomopsis;
Zibangelwa ukuqhuma kwamanzi ezimpandeni kanye nokuphefumula okungekho emhlabathini. Ukuze ulungise isimo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuchelela okufanele nokukhipha. Njengokwelashwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ukuphalaza izindawo zokuhlala eziphakathi kwesonto nge-Topaz, i-Readzolum yokulungiselela ukulungiselela. Ukunakekela ibhilikrikhi engadini ngokwemigomo yokuvimbela izifo inikeza ukwelashwa kwemifino yaseBordeaux entwasahlobo nasemuva kokuvuna.
- Izifo ezifayo. Ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo sithinteka yizifo ezithinta izidakamizwa ezincane: ubuciko, ubuciko, ukugcwala kwamagatsha, ukuphazamiseka kwe-necrotic. Ukuphulukisa isihlahla akunakwenzeka - kubalulekile ukuhlanza izicabha eziwela phansi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwensimu ye-blueberry
Ungakwazi ukwandisa ukutshala kweberry ezihlahleni ngezindlela ezahlukene. Indlela yokusakaza insimu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:
- Imbewu. Zitholakala esithelweni, ezomisiwe, zigcinwe izinyanga ezi-3 esiqandisini bese zigcwala endaweni ehlanganiswe ne-peat enomuncu. Imbewu egcwele i-cellophane, iphuziswa, ikhulule. Ungatshala izithombo emhlabathini emva kweminyaka emibili.
- Cuttings. Amahlumela ama-oody amalungiselelo ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Ubude obuhle be-appendage ngu-8-15 cm. Ukuze usinde phakathi nenyanga, igcinwa ekushiseni okupholile kwama-1-5 degrees, bese itshalwe ekubunjweni kwe-peat nesihlabathi ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-3: 1. Izicucu zifakwa ngaphansi kwefilimu futhi zanisela izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto. Unyaka, khula izithombo eziqinile, ezingasuswa emgodini ohlala njalo.
- Ukubeka. Amagatsha aguqe phansi, angcwatshwe engxenyeni ye-substrate (peat, sawdust, isihlabathi) futhi ehlanganiswe nefilimu. Kusukela esihlahleni somama izingxenye zihlukaniswa ngonyaka ozayo, kodwa leli gama ngezinye izikhathi liyakhula.