Amacala lapho kwenzeka ukuphuma esikhathini sokuzalwa lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-40, ubizwa ngokuthi ukusa esikhathini sokuqala . Ngakho ukuguga kungakapheli isikhathi kungashukunyiswa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, njengokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukuziphatha okungalungile, ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala, ukwelapha izifo ezingokwemvelo kanye ne-chemotherapy, i-heredity, njalonjalo.
Esikhathini esidlule, ukuqala kokumisa esikhathini akukhulumeli owesifazane ezinkingeni ezihambisana nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwezinye izimo zandisa kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwe-menopausal.
Indlela yokuphatha ukuyeka esikhathini sokuqala?
Ukwelashwa kokuya esikhathini sokuqala kwabesifazane kubandakanya ngokuqeda izimpawu ezingathandeki kanye nokuvimbela kwezifo ezihlobene nokungabi nama-hormone. Emazweni athuthukile, i-HRT (i-hormone therapy substitution) isetshenziselwa kabanzi kule njongo ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini sokuqala. Le ndlela iqeda isizathu esithile - ukungabi nesifo se-estrogen namanye ama-hormone emzimbeni wesifazane, ngakho-ke akukhiphi kuphela izimpawu, kodwa kuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo zezici zalesi sikhathi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-HRT ekumeni kokuya esikhathini:
- ama-waves alahleka;
- Amalungiselelo e-ZGT ngomvuthwandaba agcizelela i-robot yesistimu ye-central central;
- kuncishisa ingozi ye-osteoporosis, isifo senhliziyo;
- umphumela omuhle esimweni sezinambuzane namakha.
Kodwa-ke, ekwelapheni kokuya esikhathini sokuqala kwabesifazane, i-HRT kufanele ihlolwe ngokugcwele kwezokwelapha. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-ZGT ekuqopheni kokuya esikhathini kunokwalo lonke uhlu lwezingqinamba. Okuthiwa:
- ukwelapha;
- i-thrombophilia;
- izifo ezizimele;
- izifo zesimiso senhliziyo, isibindi, i-bile ducts;
- ukuphuma kwegazi ngesizathu esingacacile.
Ngakho-ke, i-HRT esikhathini sokuya esikhathini sokuqala iyalwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Futhi ukhetha izidakamizwa ezifanele isiguli ngasinye ngabanye.
Zonke izidakamizwa zihlukaniswe zibe yi-single-component (zine-estrogens kuphela) futhi zihlangene (kuya e-estrogens zengezwa ama-progestins ahlukahlukene). I-monopreparations ingathathwa ngomlomo ngesimo samaphilisi namaphilisi noma ngesikhumba ngosizo lwama-gel kanye nama-patches.
Ama-substituents ahlangene angathathwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi ngokuhamba ngebhayisikili. Lapho ukwemukelwa kwe-cyclic usebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-biphasic. Ukuze uqhube u-HRT oqhubekayo ngesimiso sokuphefumula, amalungiselelo e-mono-, amabili, amathathu, isibonelo, i-Femoston, asetshenziswa. Kunoma yikuphi, isinqumo sendlela yokwelapha isisu sokuqala sithathwa isiguli ngesivumelwano sikadokotela.