Isifo sesifo sofuba singesinye sezifo ezinengqondo kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ezimweni eziningi liqhubeka cishe ngaphandle kwempawu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-agent causative yesifo, i-mycobacterium isifo sofuba, isikhathi eside ayinaso isifo esiyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, ekhula ohlelweni lwayo oluvaliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, amakoloni amabhaktheriya akhula kancane, kepha ukuwaqeda kuba nzima kakhulu. Isitho esithintekile asivami ukubuyiselwa.
Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlola igazi nge-tuberculosis ye-mycobacterium?
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 ze-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) nezinsizakalo ezincane ezihlobene. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke kubantu imelelwa yisifo sofuba, i-wand of Koch. Yilezi zingqikithi ezenza izifo zibe ngamacala angu-90%. Izakhamuzi zase-Afrika nase-Asia nazo zivame ukutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya kaM. bovis kanye nezilwane ze-M. africanum, ezisezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo. Lezi zinambuzane zilotshwe ku-5% no-3% wamacala, ngokulandelana. I-2% yeziguli ezisele zithola isifo sofuba kusuka ku-mycobacteria yezinhlobo ezihlobene:
- M. microti;
- M. pinnipedii;
- M. caprae et al.
Bangaphila zombili emzimbeni womuntu nakwezinye izilwane. Yingakho ubisi oluhlaza, igazi noma inyama ngokuvamile kubangela ukugula. Wonke lawa ma-bacterium angama-prokaryotes, ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo sofuzo esakwazi ukuvumelanisa nesenzo sama-antibiotics.
Thola ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lwemithi oluzosebenza ngendaba ngayinye ethize, ingaba nakho kuphela. I-microbiology ihlukanisa isifo sofuba se-mycobacterium njengenye yezinto eziphikisana kakhulu-ezikhungwini zingaphila iminyaka, ziphikisana notshwala namazinga aphezulu okushisa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-mycobacterium isifo sofuba kungase kusekelwe ezindleleni eziningana:
- ukutholakala kwama-antibodies ku-MBT egazini lomuntu;
- ukutholakala kwesikhumba ukusabela okubangelwa yizici ezibucayi ku-MBT;
- Isivivinyo seMantoux sokuba khona kwamaseli e-tuberculin emzimbeni;
- ukuhlaziywa kwelabhutrikhi ye-sputum ngokuba khona kwe-MBT.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyona enembile kunazo zonke, futhi kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuhlukile kuwo, obuhlanganisa izidingo ezahlukene odokotela - kuye ngokuthi indawo ye-infection ye-infection kanye nezimpawu zesiguli.
Izici zokuphikisa izidakamizwa ze-mycobacterium isifo sofuba
Ukuphikiswa kwe-MBT kuma-antibiotics kunganqotshwa ngosizo lwezokwelapha eziqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidakamizwa ezahlukene zokulwa nezifo ezihlukene zingalawulwa, ezithatha indawo emva kwesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uthole imithi efanelekile bese ukwakha uhlelo lwezokwelapha nxazonke.