Imibono yobuntu

Isintu, kusukela ekuhlaleni komhlaba, sasinesithakazelo ezintweni eziningi, kodwa kuphela kule minyaka yama-30 yekhulu lama-XX, indoda yaqala ukukhathalela umvelaphi wemvelo yakhe. Kusukela kule nkathi ukuqala kombono wobuntu kuqala.

Umqondo wombono wobuntu uyisethi yokucabanga noma ucabanga ngezinqubo kanye nemvelo yentuthuko yomuntu. Umgomo wabo oyinhloko akuyona nje incazelo, kodwa futhi ukubikezelwa kokuziphatha komuntu.

I-psychology ye-personality theory yenza umuntu aqonde imvelo yakhe, kusiza ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo ephikisayo, ehlale ebuza yona. Izinkolelo zengqondo ngobuntu ngokusho kwentuthuko yazo zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezintathu:

1. Ukwakhiwa kokuqala kwe-psychoanalysis.
2. Incazelo ecacile yokuhlaziywa.
3. I-psychology yanamuhla.

Imibono yobuntu ingabalelwa cishe ngo-40, uma ibhekwa ngombono wokubuka. Ake sithi igama eliyisisekelo lobuntu:

1. Umbono wokuhlaziya wobuntu. Kuseduze nenkolelo ye-psychoanalysis ye-classical, ngoba inezimpande eziningi ezijwayelekile nazo. Ummeli ocacile walo mbono ngumcwaningi waseSwitzerland uCarl Jung. Ngokwale ndlela, ubuntu bungumphakathi we-archedtypes owaziwayo nokuzalwa. Isakhiwo sobuntu yilokho owaziyo ngobuhlobo phakathi kwamabhuloki ngabanye emicabangweni yomuntu owaziyo futhi engazi lutho, ongenayo futhi owehlisiwe.
2. Umbono we-Psychodynamic wobuntu. Le mbono iyaziwa nangokuthi "psychoanalysis classic." Ummeli wakhe kanye nomsunguli nguSigmund Freud. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lombono, umuntu uyisethi sezisusa ezinonya nezesondo, izindlela zokuzivikela. Ngokufanayo, isakhiwo sobuntu silinganisane nesakhiwo ngasinye somuntu ngamunye kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela.
3. Umbono wobuntu wobuntu. Ummeli ngu-Abraham Maslow. Abalandeli bayo bacabanga ukuthi ubuntu abuyona into ngaphandle kwezwe langaphakathi le "I" lomuntu. Futhi isakhiwo sinani lesikhangiso kanye ne "I" yangempela.
4. Umbono wokucabangela wobuntu. Ngokwemvelo yayo, isondelene nabantu. Umsunguli nguGeorge Kelly. Ukholelwa ukuthi into kuphela umuntu ofuna ukuyazi yilokho okwenzekile kuye nokuthi kwenzekani esikhathini esizayo. Ubuntu luyisimiso sokwakhiwa komuntu siqu, okusetshenziselwa isipiliyoni somuntu siqu.
5. Umbono womsebenzi wobuntu. Lesi siqondiso sithole ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu njengezintambo zasemakhaya zobuntu. Ummeleli okhanyayo nguSergey Rubinstein. Ubuntu yimibuzo eyaziwayo ephethe isikhundla esithile emphakathini futhi, futhi, yenza indima ewusizo emphakathini. Isakhiwo sobuntu - ubukhulu bemigodlagodla ngayinye (ukuzithiba, ukugxila) nezindawo zesistimu zomuntu ngamunye.
6. Inkolelo yokuziphatha yobuntu. Ibuye inegama elithi "isayensi". Umqondo oyinhloko walesi siqondiso ukuthi ubuntu bungumkhiqizo wokufunda. Okusho ukuthi umuntu uyisethi yesimiso samakhono omphakathi kanye nezici zangaphakathi. Isakhiwo - isigaba esinqunyiwe samakhono ezenhlalakahle, lapho indima enkulu idlala khona ngamabhuloki angaphakathi okubaluleka okubalulekile.
7. Umbono wokulahleka wobuntu. Kusukela ekubukeni kwale mbono, ubuntu buyisimiso sezakhiwo nezakhiwo zomphakathi. Isakhiwo ubukhulu bempahla yezinto eziphilayo ezifaka ubudlelwane obuqondile futhi zakha izici ezithile kanye nezinhlobo zezimpawu.
8. Umbono wanamuhla wobuntu. Zihlanganisa: inhlalakahle emphakathini (inkolelo yokuziphatha komuntu, lapho ukuziphatha okuvelele khona (ukusebenzisana kwezici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle) kanye nemfundiso yezimfanelo (inkolelo yezinhlobo zabantu, ezisekelwe ekuhlukeni kwezici zabantu ngabanye noma ubuqotho bomuntu siqu).

Namuhla kunzima ukusho ngokungathandeki ukuthi yiyiphi inkolelo eyinhloko kakhulu. Ngamunye unenzuzo kanye nezinkinga zakhe. Empeleni manje umqondo wesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo wesimanje wase-Italy u-Antonio Meneghetti, owenza iziphetho ngombono wobuntu ngesisekelo sokwaziswa okukhulunywe ngaphambili kule ndaba.