Igama elithi "ukudla kosher" kwafika kithi evela kwa-Israyeli. Ukuphila kwamaJuda akholwayo kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngemithetho nemithetho ekhethekile - okuthiwa yiHalacha. I-Halakha ichaza zonke izisekelo zomndeni wabo, ezenkolo, nezenhlalakahle. Umqondo we "kashrut" usho ukuthi, kunoma yikuphi okufanelekile futhi kuvunyelwe kusukela ekubukeni kweHalacha.
Imithetho yeKashrut iphoqa amaJuda athembekile ukuthi kufanele adle, okuvela kulokho okufanele ukulungele ukudla, nokuthi kufanele ugcinwe kanjani. Ngamanye amazwi, ikhwalithi yale mikhiqizo ye-kosher ilawulwa kakhulu. Ubani owenza lokho? 170 izinhlangano zamaJuda (phakathi kwazo - orabi nabarabi ngabanye), ngalinye eliqukethe uphawu lwayo. Zonke imikhiqizo ye-kosher iyoba neyodwa yalezi zimpawu.
Kusho ukuthini ukudla kosher?
Ukudla okwesibhakabhaka kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- imikhiqizo yenyama, noma "basar";
- imikhiqizo yobisi, noma "amahholo";
- imikhiqizo yokungathathi hlangothi, noma "ukuhamba".
Imikhiqizo yenyama
"Basar" - lena inyama eyayitholakala ezilwaneni ze-kosher. I-Kosher ibhekwa njengezilwane ezinomsoco ezihlala emhlabathini, futhi izinhlanzi zazo ziqubuke. Ngamanye amazwi - izimvu, izinkabi, izimbuzi, ama-gazelle, i-moose, i-giraffes ... Ezilwaneni zaseTorah kuboniswa ukuthi kunesibonakaliso esisodwa sokungcola. Lawa anogwaja, amakamela namadamesi (izilwane ezondla utshani kodwa ezingenayo izinselo), futhi ingulube - enezinselo ezingenabuthi kodwa ayihlazi utshani.
Ukuze kufakwe ohlwini lwemikhiqizo ye-kosher, inyama kufanele ibe neminye impahla, okungukuthi, ukuntuleka kwegazi. I-Kashrut ayivumeli ukusetshenziswa kwegazi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, njengoba ukudla negazi kuvusa ukonakala kumuntu. Akuvumelekile ukuba udle amaqanda lapho kukhona ama-clots egazi.
Ngokuqondene nenyoni, azikho izimpawu ze-kashrut eziphathelene nazo, kodwa iTorah libala lezo zinyoni ezingenakudliwa inyama. Kuyinto enhlobonhlobo, isikhova, ukhozi, uhlanga kanye ne-hawk. Ngamanye amazwi, izinkukhu ezifuywayo kuphela (amadada, ama-turkeys, goose, izinkukhu) zingafakwa ohlwini lwemikhiqizo ye-kosher, kanye namajuba.
Amaqanda amaqanda kumele abe nemikhawulo engalingani (okumele kukhonjiswe, enye - ukuzungeza okuningi). Amaqanda, kokubili kokuphela kwawo okungaqondile noma okukhaliphile, abhekwa njengakufanelekile ukudla, njengoba ngokuvamile lezi amaqanda zithwala izinyoni ezidliwayo noma izinyoni ezondla i-carrion.
Izinhlanzi ezincane zinezibonakaliso ezimbili: kufanele kube nezilinganiso namahlombe. Bonke abanye abamele amazilwandle nolwandle (amaqabunga, ama-shrimps, ama-crayfish, ama-octopus, ama-oysters, amnyama, njll) abakwazi ukubhekwa njengemikhiqizo engapheliyo, ngoba ayinayo. Izinyoka, izimpethu nezinambuzane nazo zibhekwa njengezi-kosher.
Imikhiqizo yobisi
Ngokuqondene nemikhiqizo yobisi ("freebies"), lesi simiso esilandelayo siyasebenza: ubisi, olutholakala ezilwaneni ezingcolile, lubhekwa njengokuhlanzeka - okusho ukuthi kungabhekwa njengokudla okuphakade. Ubisi, obutholakala ezilwaneni ezingekho ezingxenyeni, kubhekwa njengokungcolile - futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, akunakucatshangwa njengesidlo se-kosher.
Imikhiqizo engathathi hlangothi
Imifino nezithelo (i-parve) ingabhekwa njengemikhiqizo ye-kosher kuphela uma ingenayo i-wormy, futhi uma ingaxhumani nemikhiqizo engeyona i-kosher. Isibonelo, utamatisi, ugcobe ngamafutha egobe, avunyelwe.
Imikhiqizo yezingcweti ivamile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emakethe yakwa-Israyeli.
Nokho, lalela ulwazi olulandelayo. Umbhalo othi "kosher" kufanele uhambisane negama le-rabbinate (noma umfundisi) olawulwa nguye lo mkhiqizo. Uma kungenjalo - uma kukhona umbhalo owodwa kuphela - umkhiqizo awukwazi ukucatshangelwa ukuthi ungasetshenziswa.