Mayelana nesifo esinjenge-cerebral palsy, wonke umuntu wezwa okungenani kanye, nakuba, mhlawumbe, akazange ahlangane. Iyini i-cerebral palsy ngokujwayelekile? Lo mqondo uhlanganisa iqembu lezinkinga ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili ngenxa yokulimala kwezakhi zobuchopho, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukuphazamiseka okuphawula ngokukhubazeka kungase kuhluke.
Izifo ze-cerebral palsy - iyini?
I-cerebral palsy yisifo sesimiso sezinzwa esenzeka ngenxa yokulimala komqondo: i-trunk, i-cortex, izindawo ezingaphansi kwe-subcortical, ama-capsules. Ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sezinzwa ze-cerebral palsy ezinsana akuyona eyifa, kodwa ezinye izici zofuzo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo zibambe iqhaza (kufika ku-15% amacala). Ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingane eziphethwe yi-cerebral palsy, odokotela bayakwazi ukuyixilonga ngesikhathi bese bevimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Izinhlobo ze-cerebral palsy
Ukukhubazeka kuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene: ukukhubazeka kanye ne-paresis, i-hyperkinesia, izinguquko ezitheni ze-muscle, inkulumo nokuhamba ngokubambisana, ukugaya imoto nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo. Ngokwesiko, kuvamile ukuhlukanisa ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral zibe amafomu. Amakhulu ayisihlanu (kanye nalawo angewona amancane futhi axutshwe):
- I-diplegia ye-spastic iyona uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lwe-pathology (amacala angu-40%), lapho imisipha yamalungu angenhla noma angaphansi aphelelwe amandla, umgogodla namajoyini aphelile.
- I-spratic tetraplegia , i-partial or ephelele yokukhubazeka kwamagatsha - enye yefomu ezinzima kunazo zonke, evezwe ngokuhlukumeza ngokwemisipha ngokweqile. Umuntu akakwazi ukulawula imilenze nezandla zakhe, ubhekene nobuhlungu.
- Ifomu le-hemiplegic libhekene nokubuthakathaka kwemisipha yengxenye eyodwa kuphela yomzimba. Isandla esihlangothini esithintekile sinzima ngaphezu komlenze. Ukuvama kungu-32%.
- Ngezinye izikhathi ifomu le-Dyskinetic (hyperkinetic) litholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-cerebral palsy. Kuboniswa ngokubonakala kokunyakaza okungenakuzikhethela ezandleni nasemilenzeni, imisipha yobuso nentamo.
- I-Ataxic - uhlobo lwe-cerebral palsy, olubonakaliswe kumthamo we-muscle wehla, i-ataxia (ukungahambisani kwezenzo). Ukunyakaza kuvinjelwe, ibhalansi iphazamiseka kakhulu.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yezingane - izimbangela
Uma enye yezinhlobo ze-cerebral palsy iqala, izimbangela zokuqala zingase zihluke. Zithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwengane. Isici esiyinhloko esinobungozi yi- prematurity . Kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko asikwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzimisela. Izinqubo eziyinhloko eziholela eqinisweni ukuthi leso sifo njenge-cerebral palsy siqala:
- I-hypoxia ye-intrauterine ye-fetus nezilonda ze-ischemic. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni, lezo zincenye zobuchopho ezithinta ukuhlinzekwa kwezindlela zezimoto ziyahlupheka.
- Ukuphazanyiswa kwentuthuko yezinhlaka zobuchopho.
- I-Rhesus-ingqubuzana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-hemolytic jaundice yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
- Ukukhubazeka kokukhulelwa ( ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi , i- nephropathy ). Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i-cerebral palsy iqala, izizathu zikhona ezifweni ezidluliselwe umama: isifo sikashukela, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, njll.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine kukhona amagciwane, njenge-herpes.
- Iphutha lezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
- Umonakalo ophefumulayo nowesifo esibuhlungu ebuchosheni ebusheni.
Izimpawu zokukhubazeka kobuchopho
Uma kuphakama umbuzo: yini ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, ngokushesha kufika engqondweni yengqondo ngokusebenza komsebenzi ongasebenzi kahle nenkulumo. Eqinisweni, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantwana abanalesi sifo ihlakulela ezinye izifo zofuzo ezifana ne-cerebral palsy kuphela ngaphandle. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-cerebral palsy zingatholakala ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zibonakala ezinsukwini ezingu-30 zokuqala:
- ukungabi khona kwe-flexible lumbar kanye nokugoqa ngaphansi kwamadonki;
- i-asymmetry ebonakalayo ye-trunk;
- ithoni yethambo noma ubuthakathaka;
- okungokwemvelo, ukuhamba kancane kwengane;
- ukuxubha kwemisipha ngokukhubazeka ngokwengxenye;
- ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukukhathazeka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho ingane iqala ukuthuthukisa, i-pathology ibonakala ngokungabikho kokucabanga okudingekayo nokuphendula. Ingane ayibambeli ikhanda, iphendula ngokuqinile kumathinta futhi ayiphenduli umsindo, yenza ukunyakaza okufanayo futhi ithathe izimo ezingavamile, ingasondeli isifuba, ikhombisa ukucasula ngokweqile noma ukuphefumula. Kuze kube nezinyanga ezintathu, kunengqondo ukwenza ukuxilongwa uma ubheka ngokucophelela ukuthuthukiswa kwengane.
Izinyathelo zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy
Ekuqaleni ukutholakala kwegazi kutholakala ukuthi, kukhona amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele. Lesi sifo asiqhubeki, kodwa konke kuxhomeke ekulimeni kokulimala komqondo. Izigaba ze-cerebral palsy ezinganeni zihlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- ekuqaleni, izimpawu ezivela ezinganeni kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-3;
- ukuhlala kabusha kokuqala (ukuhlala kabusha), okuhambisana nonyaka wezinyanga ezingu-4 kuya eminyakeni emithathu, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izintandokazi zezimoto nezinkulumo, kodwa ezingabhaliwe;
- ukwehla kwelanga, okubhekiselwe isethi yemibonakude engabonakali ngesikhathi esingaphambili.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cerebral palsy
Akuwona njalo ukutholakala kokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy okuqinisekisa ukukhubazeka nokungahambi kahle, kodwa ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kubalulekile ukuqala ngesikhathi. Ubuchopho bomntwana bunamathuba amaningi okubuyisela imisebenzi yalo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwelapha ebuntwaneni ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono wonke. Esikhathini sokuqala, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto, ukuvocavoca kanye nokuphunga, ukugqugquzela ukucabanga. Imizamo odokotela ihlose ukubopha i-pathologies, ingahle ibekwe:
- izidakamizwa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okungahambi kahle ;
- ukuvuselela izidakamizwa ekuthuthukiseni i-CSN;
- i-vitamin therapy;
- physiotherapy.
Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha ukukhubazeka kwesibindi?
Umbuzo oyinhloko okhathazayo ngabazali benkomo egulayo: kungenzeka yini ukwelapha ukukhubazeka kwengqondo emntwaneni ngokuphelele? Akukwazi ukushiwo ngokungaqondile, ikakhulukazi uma izinguquko zenzeka ezakhiweni zobuchopho, kodwa lesi sifo singakwazi ukulungiswa. Lapho uneminyaka engama-3 ubudala ku-60-70% wamacala kungenzeka ukubuyisela ukusebenza okuvamile kobuchopho ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yemoto. Ezingxenyeni zabazali kubalulekile ukungaphuthelwa izimpawu zokuqala, ukungabi nandaba nokubonakaliswa kokungajwayelekile phakathi nokukhulelwa nokubeletha.
I-Cerebral Palsy - Izincomo Zezokwelapha
Umsebenzi oyinhloko odokotela abhekane nengane ene-cerebral palsy akuyona indlela yokuphulukisa njengokuguqula isiguli. Izingane kufanele ziqaphele amandla akhe okugcwele. Ukwelashwa kuhilela imithi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, kanye nokuqeqeshwa: ukuthuthukiswa kwesigaba somzwelo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuzwa nokukhuluma, ukulungiswa komphakathi. Njengoba kutholakala ukukhubazeka kwengqondo encane, ukwelashwa akunakwenzeka. Konke kuncike ekutheni kube yinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwakhiwa kwesikhumba.
Ukuzibulala emanzini e-cerebral palsy
Ukuqonda ukuthi yi-CPI nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqala ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi esifanele, abazali bezingane kufanele bahlale njalo beya ezifundweni zokwelapha zokwelapha kanye nokusebenzisa i-thérapie. Izinqubo zansuku zonke hhayi kuphela uma uvakashela udokotela, kodwa futhi ekhaya - isihluthulelo sempumelelo. Iziguli ezine-cerebral palsy zithola inzuzo enkulu ebucayi: ukugeleza kwe-lymph kanye nokugeleza kwegazi kuthuthuka, ukuguquka kwamathambo kusebenza, imisipha eyonakalisiwe ikhululekile noma ivuselelwe (kuye ngokuthi inkinga). Ukuphuca umzimba kufanele kwenziwe emaqenjini athile emisipha futhi kuhlanganiswe nokunyakaza kokuphefumula. Indlela yobudala yokuphumula:
- Ukunyakaza okulula futhi okulula kwe-masseur, ukushaya isikhumba.
- Ukukhishwa kwemisipha yehlombe nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hip.
- Ukuqeda amaqembu amakhulu ama-muscle.
- Ukuhlunga, kuhlanganise nokuqina, umzimba wonke, emuva, izintambo.
Izici zezingane ezine-cerebral palsy
Abazali bangaba nzima ukwamukela ukuxilongwa okunikezwa ingane yabo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi bangalahli futhi baqondise yonke imizamo yokulungisa nokulungiswa kwengane. Lapho unakekelwa kahle futhi ukwelashwa, abantu abane-cerebral palsy bazizwa begcwele amalungu agcwele omphakathi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-pathology ngayinye ibonakalisa ngomyalelo owodwa, lokhu kunquma uhlobo lwe-thérapie, isikhathi salo nokubikezela (okulungile noma cha). Izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezikhubazekile zibangelwa izinkinga ezivela ngesikhathi sokuxhumana. Lokhu kubonakala kulezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukunyakaza okuncane, okwenza ukungalingani ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga. Kunezinkinga zokufunda izibalo, njengoba kunzima izingane ukuba zicabangele.
- Ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo - ukukhushulwa okukhulu, ukuguqulwa, ukunamathiselwa kwabazali.
- Ishintshe amandla engqondo. Ngisho nasezintweni lapho ukuhlakanipha kuvela ngokujwayelekile futhi kuphela izihlungwini ezihluphekayo, ingane ayikwazi ukugaya yonke imininingwane engenayo ngokushesha nje kontanga.
Ukunakekela ingane ene-cerebral palsy
Yini ebalulekile ukucabangela nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ingane enesifo sofuba emagameni angokwengqondo nangokwenyama? Lokhu okusho ukuthi ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuqinisekisa ukulala okufanele, ukuhamba okuvamile, imidlalo, ukubhukuda, amakilasi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane ibone izenzo zansukuzonke njengento eyengeziwe yokulungisa amaphethini wokunyakaza. Esikhathini sohlelo lomzwelo, ikusasa lomntwana lithembele kubazali. Uma ubonisa uzwela nokugcinwa ngokweqile, i-kid ingasondela kuye, izama ukuthuthukiswa.
Imithetho yile ndlela elandelayo:
- Ungagcizelela izici zokuziphatha ezibangelwa yisifo.
- Ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyakhuthazwa.
- Ukwakha ukuzethemba okulungile.
- Khuthaza izinyathelo ezintsha ezentuthuko.
Amadivayisi wezingane ezine-cerebral palsy
Uma i-cerebral palsy ezinsana zingase zingabonakali nhlobo, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo ukuhlukana kubonakala. Ingane kunzima ukugcina ukuma okuqinile lapho ulele, uhlezi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo kuphukile. I-pedestal iyasuswa futhi ayitholakali ngosizo lwedivayisi ekhethekile. Ukuvuselelwa kwezingane ezine-cerebral palsy (kubandakanya izinsana) kuveza ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi anjalo:
- Ukwenyuka - unxantathu wezinto eziqinile, ezibekwa ngaphansi kwesifuba somntwana ngokuqamba amanga. Ingxenye engenhla ye-trunk iphakanyisiwe, ingane ilula ukulawula isikhundla sekhanda, ukuhambisa izandla nezinyawo.
- Ibhodi lembumbulu lisho ukumisa isikhundla somzimba ohlangothini lwaso. Yenzelwe izingane ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu.
- I-stender oblique iyadingeka ukuze ufunde ukuma kokuma. Ingane isendaweni ethile (iyalungiswa).
- I-Stoiak - ifana nommeli, kodwa ihloselwe izingane ezikwazi ukubamba isikhundla se-trunk, kodwa ayikwazi ukuma ngaphandle kokusekelwa.
- Izintambo ezinqanyuliwe , lapho ingane isakwazi khona ukugcina i-pelvis namahlombe kwelinye elilodwa, inhloko emgqeni ophakathi. Ukuphazamiseka kuzama ukuvala emuva.
- Izesekeli zomdlalo ziyi-rollers ezithambile, amabhola angenawo amandla.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezine-cerebral palsy
Ukuze uthuthukise ukubikezela, ngaphezu kokuthola ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuqhuba imisebenzi yentuthuko nezingane, ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri kudinga ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke: therapy, mobile, amanzi, njll. Ngezingane kuyasiza ukudlala amageyimu, ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana, ukuhlola okubonakalayo, ukuzwa okubonakalayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlushwa. Imidwebo yezilwane namabhola amathoyizi afinyeleleke kakhulu futhi awusizo. Kodwa okungaphansi kwezinto ezithengwayo zomntwana eziheha izinto ezilula:
- izinkinobho;
- ukusika indwangu;
- iphepha;
- izitsha;
- isihlabathi;
- amanzi, njll.
I-Cerebral Palsy - Isibikezelo
Uma ukuxilongwa kwe-cerebral palsy kwenziwa, ukubikezelwa kokuphila ngokuvamile kuvumelana. Iziguli zingaba abazali abajwayelekile futhi ziphile isikhathi eside kakhulu, nakuba ukulindeleka kokuphila kunganciphisa ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo somzimba-isithuthwane, nokuntuleka kwesimo senhlalo emphakathini. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungafinyelela cishe ekutholeni okuphelele.
Iyini i-cerebral palsy? Ukungahambi kahle, kodwa hhayi ukulimala okubulalayo, okukhona ithuba lokuphila ngokugcwele. Ngokwezibalo, izingane ezincane ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-1000 zihlushwa yi-cerebral palsy futhi ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zivuselele impilo yonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa iziguli eziningi (kuze kufinyelele ku-85%) zibe nesimo sengqondo esincane futhi esilinganiselwe futhi siphile ngokugcwele. Isiqiniseko sokuphumelela: utholakala ebuntwaneni kanye nokuhamba kwemisebenzi egcwele - yezokwelapha kanye ne-physiotherapy, amakilasi avamile ekhaya.