Izinyo zokuhlakanipha - zonke izici zokukhula nokwelashwa kwayisishiyagalombili

Umhlathi womuntu usungulwa ekugcineni kweminyaka engu-22-27. Ngalesi sikhathi kumele abe nemikhosi engu-32, ngaphezulu nangaphezulu. Imikhosi yesithathu noma "ayisishiyagalombili" iqhuma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusukela eminyakeni engu-17-18. Ngenxa yalokhu, bathola igama labo elidumile.

Iyini izinyo zokuhlakanipha?

Zonke i-molar inesakhiwo esifanayo futhi cishe inombolo efanayo yezimpande. "Eyesishiyagalombili", izinyo zokuhlakanipha azifani. Iqukethe izakhi ezilandelayo:

• izimpande nezimpande zomcibisholo;
• ikamelo lepulazi;
• uhlaka lwe-dentin;
• i-koqweqwe lwawo.

Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwezinyosi "eziyisishiyagalombili" kanye nemikhakha ejwayelekile yesikhathi sokuqhuma kwayo. Iqala ukwakha eneminyaka engu-6-7 eminyakeni emhlathini. Kancane kancane inyosi yokuhlakanipha ikhula ngobukhulu (ikakhulukazi ingxenye yomqhele kanye negumbi le-pulp). Lapho uneminyaka engu-15-17, izimpande ziqala ukwakha, ngenxa yalokho ukukhula okuqondile kwenzeka.

Bangaki amazinyo okuhlakanipha umuntu anayo?

Ezingamaphesenti angu-92% zomhlaba wonke, kuphakanyiswa imibiko yesithathu, 2 emigqeni engenhla nangaphezulu. Abanye abantu (abangaba ngu-0.1%) bane-6 noma ngaphezulu "abazama", ngezinye izikhathi abafaki nhlobo (cishe 8%). Kungakanani amazinyo okuhlakanipha azokhula, kuthinta:

• umncintiswano;
• ukufeza;
• ubukhulu bomhlathi.

Ingabe udinga amazinyo wokuhlakanipha?

Abadokotela bamazinyo abaqhubekela phambili baye basungula ukuthi izinhlangano ezicatshangelwayo yizitho zangasese. Ezinganeni zanamuhla, i-adentia eyinhloko yemikhosi yesithathu iyaqhubeka ihlonishwa - isimo lapho izimpande zinozinyo zokuhlakanipha kanye nengxenye yayo ye-coronal engekho. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha kokudla kwesintu. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu kwakudingeka badle ukudla okunamandla futhi okuqinile, okwakudingeka ukwandise ubukhulu bomhlathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwempucuko kwaholela ekudleni kwemenyu yezitsha ezincane futhi ezicutshungulwayo, ezingadingi indawo eyengeziwe yokuhlafuna.

Izinyo zokuhlakanipha yi-molar ehlala phansi, eyadingeka kubantu abakuqala, kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside ilahlekelwe imisebenzi yayo. Akasabambi iqhaza kwinqubo yokuhlafuna, ngakho akuyona ingxenye ebalulekile yezinsiza zomhlathi. Ngokwesayensi, "ayisishiyagalombili" ingaba usizo kuma-prosthetics njengokwesekwa kwebhuloho , ukulungisa umhlaseli noma ukukhala. Ngokuvamile i-molar yesithathu isuswe ngenxa yengozi engase ibe khona lapho ikhula khona:

• i-caries ;
• izinqubo zokuvuvukala (pericoronaritis);
• ama-cyst kanye nezinye izinto ezihamba phambili;
• ukufuduka kwe-dentition, isithukuthezi;
• izifo zama-temporomandibular amalunga;
• indawo yokufaka ;
• ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-masticatory;
• izinkinga zezinzwa nezinye izinkinga.

Amazinyo okuhlakanipha akhula kanjani?

Ukulungiswa kwezinto "eziphakeme" kwenzeka ngabanye kumuntu ngamunye. Yonke imibiko yesine ingakhula ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kaningi ibonakala eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma izinyosi zokuhlakanipha zinqunywe, kunezimpawu eziningi ezingathandeki, abantu abaningi banezinkinga ngendlela yokuvuvukala nokuxoshwa kwegamu. Ngenxa yokuphela komhlathi we "ukukhanya" kukhona igumbi elincanyana kakhulu, ngakho ukubonakala kwabo kuhambisana nesifo esizwakalayo sosizi.

Amazinyo okuhlakanipha aqala nini ukukhula?

Iminyaka ejwayelekile lapho ukuqhuma kwemikhosi yesithathu kwenzeka khona eminyakeni engu-17-18. Ngezinye izikhathi inye eyodwa yokuhlakanipha ikhula esikhathini esibekiwe, kanti bonke abanye bavele kamuva, kube yiminyaka engu-27 esiphezulu. Kamuva i-G8 ayiphumeli. Ngokuvamile i-molar yesithathu ididekile ne-pericoronitis, eyasuka ngemuva komonakalo ku-hood ehlanganisiwe ngaphezu komqhele owuthola isigamu.

Indlela izinyo lokuhlakanipha ezikhula ngayo - izimpawu

Ukulungiswa kuhambisana nezibonakaliso ezingathandeki, okwenza umuntu afune usizo kudokotela wamazinyo. Izimpawu zezinyo ezikhulayo ezilandelayo zilandelayo:

• ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwezinsini;
• ikhanda;
• ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
• ubuhlungu emhlathini, esifundeni se-cheekbones, ukunikeza ithempeli, umphimbo, intamo, indlebe;
• ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
• ubunzima lapho uzama ukuvula umlomo wakho.

Uma inyosi yesithathu ye-molar ("ayisishiyagalombili", ukuhlakanipha) ingaphumeleli ngokuphelele noma ingalungile, kunezinkinga eziyingozi:

• i-pericoronaritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-gum);
• i-caries;
• umonakalo esihlathini;
• ukucindezela ezimpandeni ze-molar eseduze nabanye.

Kungani amazinyo ehlakaniphile ekhula?

Abanye abantu abakaze bahlangabezane nezinkinga ezibalwe ngenhla. Izincazelo, kungani ungahlakulele amazinyo okuhlakanipha kubantu abadala, kuphela amabili. Okukhethwa kuqala yi-adentia yezinyanga ezintathu. Kulesi simo, i-G8 ayizange ibe yinto ebuntwaneni. Ukungabi khona kwazo ngokuphelele akuvamile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezizalwa emva kuka-2000. Ngokuvamile kunezinyanga ezimbili kuphela (phezulu noma ezansi).

Isizathu sesibili esenza ukuthi izinyo zokuhlakanipha azizange ziqhume ukugcinwa ngokuphelele noma okuncane. Kulesi simo, i-G8 yaqalwa ekugcineni, kodwa ayikwazanga ukukhula. Lokhu kungenxa yendawo yabo engalungile emgodleni wezintambo noma ukungabi nesikhala samahhala ku-dentition. Lokhu okuhlukile kokuthuthukiswa kwezehlakalo kubhekwa njengengozi, ngoba imikhosi yesithathu ebuyiswe emuva iholela ekubhujisweni kwezimpande ezizungezile, ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ukubonakala kwezingculazi ezinsini, izifo ze-neurolo kanye nezinye izifo.

Izinyo zokuhlakanipha zilimaza - yini okufanele uyenze?

Izinzwa ezingathandeki ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwe-G-8 zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokomzimba zibe zilula futhi ziyingozi. Uma izinyo lokuhlakanipha zilimaza, izizathu zilandelayo:

• ukuvuvukala kancane kwegamu ngenxa yokwephula ubuqotho bayo;
• ukucindezelwa emazinyo aseduze;
• i-pericoronaritis e-purulent.

Izinyo zokuhlakanipha zikhula futhi zibuhlungu

Uphawu oluchazwe ngaso sonke isikhathi luhambisana nokuqhuma kwe-molar yesithathu ngenxa yokuphuka kwezicubu ze-gingival. Uma izinyosi "eziyisishiyagalombili" ziqhekeka, zivuvuka futhi ziphenduke zibomvu, kungase kube nokuphuma okuncane. Uma ukuvuvukala kubuthakathaka futhi kungekho pus, ubhekane nenkinga ethunyelwe kalula nasekhaya:

1. Nciphisa umthwalo ekuzinyeni okuhlakanipha okukhulayo, zama ukuhlafuna ukudla okuqinile kusuka ohlangothini lapho kunqunywa khona.
2. Ekuseni, phakathi nosuku nantambama hlambulula umlomo ngesisombululo se-Chlorhexidine ngomzuzu owodwa.
3. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-antiseptic, gcoba i-gum ngeGEL HOLAL .
4. Nge-syndrome enamandla, thatha i-analgesic engeyona-steroidal - i-Nimesil, i-Ketanov noma imuphi umuthi ofanayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi izincomo ezibhalwe ohlwini azizisi ukuqeda izimpawu ezingathandeki. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ubuhlungu bungabangelwa ukuvuvukala okuncane kwe-gingival, kodwa futhi nokucindezelwa ku-G-8 kumazinyo aseduze. Uma kukhona ukusola ngale nkinga, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe ngokushesha. Ukuhlelwa okungalungile komqhele we-molar wesithathu kuholela ekubhujisweni kwezimpande ezingomakhelwane.

Izinyo zokuhlakanipha selivulekile

Lapho ukukhula kweG-8 kuqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kubuhlungu, i-pericoronaritis iqala ngokuvamile. Lokhu ukuvuvukala okunamandla kwe-hood encocutaneous phezu kwe-molar yesithathu, ehambisana nokukhululwa kwenani elikhulu le-pus. Inyosi ehlakaniphile yokuhlakanipha, ikakhulukazi phambi kwe-caries, ingabangela imiphumela ebuhlungu, kuze kube sepsis. I-Pericoronaritis imiswe kuphela udokotela wamazinyo, akunakwenzeka ukubhekana nayo yodwa.

Izinyo "eziyisishiyagalombili" kufanele ziphathwe noma zisuswe?

Imibono yabodokotela mayelana nendaba okucatshangelwayo yahlukaniswa. Isinqumo sokuthi noma ukususa izinyo zokuhlakanipha esimweni esithile samukelwa udokotela oqeqeshiwe kuphela ngemvume yesiguli, ngokusekelwe ezinkomba ezilandelayo:

• indawo "eyisikhombisa";
• ithonya lokukhula kwezinyo lezinkinga kulo lonke umugqa womhlathi;
• ubuqotho nesimo esijwayelekile somqhele nezimpande;
• Isidingo sokulondoloza i-molar yesithathu ukuthi isetshenziswe kuma- prosthetics .

Odokotela banamuhla abahlala emazweni athuthukile aseYurophu nase-United States banempendulo engafanele kumbuzo ukuthi ngabe izinyo zeG-8 ziyaphathwa yini. Phakathi kwazinyosi zamazinyo eziqhubekayo kuyamukelwa ukuba kukhishwe ngokushesha imikhosi yesithathu ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhuma kwawo, ngokuvamile kuvame ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-G8 inezinsongo ezingase zibe ngaphezulu kunezinzuzo ezibonwayo.

Ukuhlakanipha kwezinyo ukukhipha

Inqubo echazwe yi-manipulation ejwayelekile kumkhuba wamazinyo. Kukhona ukususwa okulula nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinyo ze-G-8. Uhlobo lokungenelela kokuhlinzekela kuxhomeke ekutheni i-molar yesithathu iqhume ngokuphelele, kuze kube yilapho izimpande zayo ezinesono futhi eside, umqhele wonke. Ukudonsa amazinyo aphansi kunzima kunabo bonke abaphezulu. Ukuthukuthela "okuyisishiyagalombili" okuhlala "kuhlala" emhlathini, kaningi kunezimpande ezigobile nezihlangene.

Ungasusa kanjani izinyo lokuhlakanipha?

Uma inqubo ilula, yenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukuhlolwa. Udokotela uhlola isimo sesithathu se-molar, wenza i-anamnesis ukuphendula okweqile nokubekezela kwemithi ethile.
2. Anesthesia. Ngosizo lomjovo ngo-gom, isazi senza i-anesthetizes endaweni yokusebenza. Lesi yisikhathi kuphela lapho umuntu elimazwa, isikhathi esithile isiguli asizwa lutho. Uma izinyosi zokuhlakanipha eziphansi zisusiwe, isidakamizwa kufanele sivunyelwe ukuma cishe ingxenye yesine yehora. Uma ususa imilayezo engenhla yesithathu - imizuzu engu-4-5.
3. Ukukhipha. Ngama-elevators noma izimbambo, udokotela wamazinyo udonsa "ayisishiyagalombili". Umthombo uphathwa nge-antiseptic ne-hemostatic agent, ngezinye izikhathi ivaliwe nge-swab oyinyumba.

Endabeni yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kulungiswa ngokucophelela. Ukususwa kanjani kwezinyo G-8 phambi kokugcinwa, ukuvuvukala noma ezinye izinkinga:

1. X-rays ne-anamnesis. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ukuze kusungulwe indawo ngqo ye-molar yesithathu, ubukhulu, ukuvuthwa kanye ne-plexus yezimpande zawo.
2. Anesthesia. Kulesi simo, kusetshenziselwa inani lokukhuphula umzimba, ngoba ukusebenza kungadlulela amahora amabili.
3. Ukukhipha. Ngokukhishwa kanzima ngokuvamile kudinga ukusika izinsini, ukubhoboza amathambo amathambo. Uma kutholakala izinyosi ezihlakaniphile ezitholakalayo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukukhipha i-molar eseduze ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okukhululekile.
4. Ukwelashwa kokuthunyelwa komzimba. Udokotela wamazinyo uhlanza isilonda nge-antiseptic ne-sutures.

Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezinyosi zokuhlakanipha

Isilonda esakhiwe sidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, iseluleko esicacisiwe sinikezwa ochwepheshe. Izinsini emva kokususwa kwezinyo lokuhlakanipha zizophulukisa ngokushesha uma ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela ngokucacile:

1. Ngemizuzu engu-20, gcina i-gauze swab engenawo emgodini ukuze uyeke ukuphuma kwegazi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esabiwe, kufanele isuswe ukuze isilonda singenwe igciwane.
2. Amahora angu-2-3 ayikho into.
3. Phuza kuphela iziphuzo ezifudumele.
4. Ungathathi amanzi okushisa izinsuku ezimbalwa, ungenzi ukufudumala ukucindezela, kungabangela ukuvuvukala.
5. Ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuze kube yilapho isilonda siqala ukuqinisa.
6. Yeka ukubhema okungenani amahora angu-4-5.
7. Ungathinti isikhwama ngeminwe yakho nanoma yiziphi izinto, ngisho noma oyinyumba.
8. Zama ukuvula umlomo wakho kabanzi.
9. Ungahlaziyi ohlangothini lwe-molar eyihlane.
10. Amabhati kanye nama-rinses avunyelwe kuphela uma kunqunywe udokotela. Uma kungenjalo, akuvunyelwe ukwenza kanjalo. Izinqubo ezinjalo zingaholela ekuhlanjululeni i-clot yegazi esilonda, okudingekayo ukuphulukiswa kwayo efanele.

Uma i-gom kanye nomhlathi bebuhlungu kakhulu ngemva kokukhipha izinyo zokuhlakanipha, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-ice compress esihlathini (shintsha yonke imizuzu engu-10, izikhathi ezingu-3-4). Uma kubanda kungakusizi, kudingeka uthathe i-analgesic engeyona i-steroidal:

• Ketanov ;
• I-Pentalgin;
• Nyz;
• Ibuprofen;
• I-Nimesulide ne-analogues.

Endabeni ye-purulent gingival ukuvuvukala, udokotela wamazinyo uzobeka inkambo yesikhathi esifushane (izinsuku ezingu-4-6) zokwelashwa, kuhlanganise:

• ama-antibiotics;
• ama-hormone e-corticosteroid;
• ukwelashwa kwe-antiseptic kanye nokulwa namagciwane omuthi.

Ngemuva kokukhipha amazinyo angu-"ayisishiyagalombili" angomakhelwane

Inqubo evame ukuchazwa ihambisana nokungahloniphi okukhulu. Isiguli sizwa ubuhlungu emva kokukhipha izinyo zokuhlakanipha, hhayi kuphela endaweni yesilonda evulekile, kodwa nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, ngezinye izikhathi umhlathi wonke "uphonsa". Lesi sibonakaliso senzeke ngezizathu ezimbili:

1. Ukulimala kwamagundane nokucindezela indawo emelekile ngezimpande ze-molars ezomakhelwane. Kulesi simo, ubuhlungu buzophela yedwa ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, kungenziwa ukumiswa nge-analgesics nokucindezeleka okubandayo.
2. Inqubo yokuvuvukala. Lapho umuthi usulelekile, ukuguqulwa kuqala. Lokhu kuholela ekukhuphukeni, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kanye nobuhlungu obungenakubekezeleka. Kulesi simo, udinga ukuxoxa nomdokotela wamazinyo ngokushesha.