Ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla, inkinga yokulungiselela izitshalo zasebusika ebusika, ehlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwekwindla, iba yindabuko kubo bonke abalimi.
Emasontweni amabili emva kokuvuna, uhlelo lwempande luqala ukukhula ngokuqinile ezitshalweni, olukwazi ukufaka imifino kahle. Ngaleso sikhatsi futhi kudingeka ukuba benze ukudla kwabo.
Ukufaka umquba wokutshala okuzenzakalelayo kwezitshalo kuyadingeka ukuze unikeze izakhi ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokuphumula sasebusika. Ebusika, kutholakala izicubu ezintsha, okuhlinzeka ngokukhula okulandelayo ngemva kwesikhathi sokukhula.
Kusukela ngo-Agasti, ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen kufanele kukhishwe. I-nitrojeni ingabangela ukukhula okwesikhashana kwamahlumela. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezithelo ezihlahla kanye nezihlahla.
Imifino esemqoka edingekayo ekondleni ekwindla kwensimu yi-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Kuphumelela ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-superphosphate, elula (nge-phosphorus okuqukethwe okungama-20%) futhi kabili (nge-phosphorus okuqukethwe kuka-42-49%). Okungcono, i-superphosphate kabili isetshenziswa, ngoba ishiya into encane ye-ballast enhlabathini. Ama-fertilizer aqukethe ama-phosphorus kufanele aqaliswe emhlabeni kuze kube yi-10 cm ejulile yezithelo izitshalo kanye no-7 cm zezithelo izitshalo.
Kuhle kakhulu ukufaka umquba ngamanyolo afana ne-potassium phosphate noma i-monopotassium phosphate. Iqukethe ama-34% we-potassium nama-52% we-phosphorus. Njengoba umanyolo ungenalutho, usetshenziswa izitshalo ngaphandle kokuhlala.
Ewusizo kwezihlahla nezihlahla ezondla yi-calimagnesia, umanyolo ongaphandle kwe-magnesium equkethe i-magnesium (11-18%). Bakha umjikelezo oseduze-izimpande zezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo nezihlahla ziwusizo kakhulu ukutshala nge-humus.
Ukondla kwe-autumn kwe-apula nephakathi kwepayipi
Ukufaka umquba ngokuzenzakalelayo kulezi zihlahla kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana. I-nitrojeni ivunyelwe ukulethwa okokugcina kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-apula kwenziwa ngosizo lokusetshenziswa okunamandla kwama-fertilizer aqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo yokwenza ne-calcium. Uma kukhona i-acidity ekhulayo yenhlabathi, i-lime isetshenziswe enhlabathini.
Amapheya aphethwe nge-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ungakwazi ukupheka umanyolo obunzima ngokwakho.
Amalitha ayi-10 amanzi:
- 2 wezipuni superphosphate granular;
- Isipuni 1 se-potassium chloride.
Umanyolo ufakwa emagodini.
Ungaphinde ukondle i-pear nomlotha.
Ungadla kanjani umhlaba ekwindla?
Ukuze izitshalo zithole izakhi ezidinga ukuwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi zondle inhlabathi ngamanyolo adingekayo. Ukudla komhlaba kuqhutshwa ngamanyolo anjalo:
- umquba (kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwenhlabathi, kuqaliswa lapho umba umhlaba njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3.) Isimiso somanyolo womanyolo ngamamitha angamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye u-300-400 kg);
- i-peat (ngezinye izikhathi kuyindawo ephakeme nephansi , evame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye ebalulekile yomquba);
- umlotha
(ukufaka umanyolo kuyenziwa kanye kuphela eminyakeni engu-3-4, lapho kukhishwa i-autumn ekwindla); - umquba (isicelo sawo siqinisekisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, okujwayelekile kuyisisindo esingu-3-4 kg nge-1 sq. m.);
- sidinga (lezi zitshalo ezinomthetho - clover, lupine, alfalfa kanye okusanhlamvu - oats kanye rye).
Amaminerali amaminerali afaka ama-potassium, i-nitrogen, i-lime kanye nama-fertilizer manganese.
Ukwenza kahle ukufaka umquba wokutshala izithelo kanye nemithi nenhlabathi kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine izitshalo ensimini ziphilile futhi zikwazi ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni eyalandela.