Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwegazi ezinganeni - ukucaciswa kwazo zonke izinkomba, itafula ngokudala

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele ezinganeni kubonisa inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ehlolwe ngokucophelela ngabantwana bezingane. Lolu cwaningo olusemtholampilo luvumela udokotela ukuthi ahlole isimo sempilo yengane futhi, lapho ekutholeni okungavamile, ngokushesha uqale ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe futhi ukwelashwa okulandelayo.

Ukuhlaziywa ngokujwayelekile kwegazi - ukulungiselela

Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukulingana kwemiphumela kuxhomeke kulo. Ngokuqinisekile udokotela unikeze izeluleko eziningiliziwe kubazali. Ngokuvamile ukuhlaziywa kwegazi - ukulungiswa kwezidingo yilokho:

1. Abazali kudingeka balungise izinhlanzi zabo ukuthi le nqubo ayinhle. Kodwa-ke, ungamkhohlisi ingane, ethi ngeke kuphazamise nhlobo. Ngakho ingane, ebhekene nesimo sangempela, izodumala kubantu abadala. Ungatshela ingane ukuthi unesibindi futhi abazali bakhe baziqhenya ngaye. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kokuziphatha kuyovikela ingane ekukhathazekeni futhi kusize ukugwema ukungabi nhlobo.
2. Ukuhlaziywa okuvamile kwegazi ezinganeni kuthathwa ngesisu esingenalutho. Isidlo sokugcina kufanele senziwe amahora angu-12-14 ngaphambi kokuthatha lokho okushiwo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma uhlolo luhlelelwe u-9.00, ungondla umntwana kungakapheli u-21.00. Ekuseni, awukwazi ukunika ubisi ubisi, itiye, i-cocoa. Ungayinika inani elincane lamanzi namanje. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kuthathwa ezinganeni ezingakwazi ukulwa nokuzila okude, inqubo idlula phakathi kokuphakelayo.
3. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutadisha udinga ukunciphisa umsebenzi womzimba wengane. Uma umntwana eyogijima, gxuma, iqhwa, ukuhlaziywa kwemitholampilo ye-blood decoding ezinganeni kuzobonisa imiphumela ehlanekeziwe.
4. Izinsuku ezingu-5-7 ngaphambi kokutadisha okuzayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukunikeza ingane amavithamini neminye imithi (ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa ezibalulekile ezinikeza ukwamukelwa okuqhubekayo).
5. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ingane kufanele ilele , ngoba isimo sakhe sengqondo siyakuthinta ukuziphatha kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ingane iya endlini yangasese. Ngakho-ke, umzimba uzoba mahhala we-toxin, futhi lokhu kuzothinta imiphumela yokuhlaziywa.

Zithatha kanjani igazi ezinganeni?

I-gem-liquid ingathathwa kokubili komunwe kanye nomuthi. Okuvamile kakhulu ukhetho lokuqala. Ezinganeni, indaba isuswa esithendeni. Yile ndlela igazi elisuka kumunwe lithathwe kubantwana:

1. Umsizi womthamo uhlela isikhwama somunwe ngesisombululo se-antiseptic. Khona-ke, ubuso bomile nge disk oyinyumba edakiwe.
2. Ngesiza sokwehla okulahlwayo sibopha umunwe ekujuleni kuka 2-3 mm.
3. I-drop first of blood on the surface isusa isobho esomile sotton swab.
4. Amaconsi angu-10 alandelayo omsizi we-laboratory aqoqwe yi-adapter ekhethekile. Igazi kufanele lihambe ngamandla. Ukwandisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka, njengoba kuzoholela ekuhlanganiseni kwawo nezicubu zamanzi. Lokhu kuzothinta imiphumela yocwaningo: bayobe bengathembeki.
5. Umqeqeshi welebhu ushukumisela igazi elikhethiwe kwi-tube ebhalwe phansi.
6. Esikhathini sokungena endaweni, sebenzisa ibhola ekotini oyinyumba ehambile kwisisombululo se-antiseptic. Kunconywa ukuyigcina imizuzu engu-5-7. Kudingeka isikhathi esiningi kakhulu ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuphuma kwegazi.

Izimpawu zokuhlolwa kwegazi ezinganeni

Ama laboratories anamuhla anemishini ekhethekile yokuthuthukisa, eyenza umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe ube lula. Izinto zokuhlolwa zikhokhiswa kudivayisi, futhi kungakapheli iminithi idivayisi ikhipha umphumela. Emva kwalokho ukuhlaziywa kwegazi ezinganeni kuhlolwe ngumsizi we-laboratory. Isazi, ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-decryption, kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi idivayisi ayenzanga iphutha.

Izinkomba ezilandelayo zihlaziywa:

• i-hemoglobin ;
• i-reticulocytes;
• i-erythrocyte;
• i-leukocyte;
• ESR ;
• i-monocytes;
• i-lymphocytes ;
• i-basophils;
• i-thrombocytes;
• ihlukanisiwe;
• i-eosinophils;
• ukugwazwa njalonjalo.

I-hemoglobin egazini

Kuyinto iphrotheni eyinkimbinkimbi etholakala amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi sidakamizwa ukudluliselwa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Phakathi naleso sifundo, i-hemoglobin iyatholakala ekuhloleni kwegazi jikelele. Ukuze kube okucacile, inani le-r laleli protheyini ku-1 litre le-heme-liquid libalwe. Izinkomba zimi kanje:

• izinsana - 138-220;
• Izinyanga 1-12 - 99-138;
• Iminyaka engu-1-6 - 109-144;
• 6-12 ubudala - 114-148;
• oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 ubudala - 114-150.

Uma isibonakaliso se-hemoglobin sikhulu kunaleyo evamile, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umntwana unesifo sokungcola, eshukunyiswa ukuhlanza okukhulu, isifo sohudo, noma isifo somzimba emsebenzini we-cardiovascular or excretory system. Masinyane badinga usizo lwezokwelapha. Inani eliphansi nalo liyingozi. Ihambisana ne-anemia, ukudla okungenamsoco, i-leukemia noma ezinye izifo ze-haematological.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwengane - ESR

Lesi sibonakaliso sikhombisa izinga lokuxazulula ama-corpuscles abomvu. Kumntwana onempilo (lokhu kusebenza nakwabantu abadala) ku-erythrocytes kuyinkokhelo engalungile, ngakho bayaphindana. Kukhona amaprotheni e-plasma egazi, isibonelo, i-fibrinogen, ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezibungu ezibomvu. Ama-erythrocyte anjalo ahlala ngokushesha kunempilo. Ukuba khona kwamaprotheni kubonisa ukuvuvukala noma ezinye izifo. Ukuze "ubone" ukuphambuka okufanayo kusiza i-ESR ekuhloleni kwegazi jikelele. Izindinganiso zilandelayo (mm / h):

• izinsana - 0,1-2,0;
• Izinyanga 1-12 - 2,0-12,0;
• kusuka ku-1 unyaka nangaphezulu - 2.0-10.0.

Uma isibonakaliso singaphansi kwesimiso, lokhu kubonisa izimo ezilandelayo:

• i-hepatitis yegciwane;
• isifo sohudo eside;
• ukuhlanza okwesikhathi eside;
• ukungakwazi ukujikeleza.

Ngenani elikhuphukile le-ESR emzimbeni wengane, lezo zifo zingenzeka:

• ukuphazamiseka emthonjeni wegciwane;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo;
• ukuhlukunyezwa;
• ukuphuma kwegazi;
• ukubukeka kwesakhiwo esibi.

Ama-erythrocytes ahlolwa ngokujwayelekile kwegazi

Ucwaningo alunanisi nje kuphela ivolumu yamaconsi abomvu, kodwa nobubanzi bawo (umehluko phakathi kwamaseli amakhulu nakakhulu kunawo wonke). Ukukhipha ukuhlaziywa kwegazi ezinganeni cishe ngonyaka, cabanga nangenkathi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokushisa, izingane ziphuza amanzi amaningi, ngenxa yokuthi i-anisocytosis inokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, lesi senzakalo asibhekwa njengesimo somzimba. Uma kuhlolwa i-blood - i-decoding kubantwana, okuvamile (x10 kuya ku-12 amaseli ngalinye ilitha ye-heme-liquid):

• izinsana - 4,41-6,61;
• Izinyanga 1-12 - 3,61-4,91;
• Iminyaka engu-1-6 - 3.51-4.51;
• 6-12 ubudala - 3.51-4.71;
• abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 ubudala - 3.61-5,12.

Izici ezilandelayo ezinciphisa ivolumu yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kubhekwa njengengozi:

• ukungakwazi ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo;
• i-anemia;
• izifo ze-parasitic;
• ukudla okunomsoco okuncane.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele ezinganeni kubonisa izinga eliphezulu lamaseli abomvu, lokhu kungabangelwa izizathu ezilandelayo:

• ukungasebenzi kwamaphaphu;
• izinkinga emsebenzini wenhliziyo;
• inhlamba;
• isisu se-artery ye-renal.

Ama-Platelets ekuhlolweni kwegazi jikelele

Umsebenzi wale maseli ukudala ukuhlanganiswa kweplatelete nomonakalo emithonjeni yegazi futhi kuphuthumise ukugwedla kwe-plasma. Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo kwegazi kwengane kusiza ukucacisa inani elilinganiselwe lenkomba. Imikhuba yilezi (x10 esilinganisweni sesisindo sama-9 ku-heme-liquid l):

• kusukela ekuzaleni kuya eminyakeni eyisithupha - 180,5-400,0;
• 6-12 ubudala - 157.0-380.0;
• engaphezu kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala - 157.0-390.0.

Uma ukukhula kuveze lawa maseli ngenkathi kuqhathaniswa, kaningi kubonisa izinkinga ezilandelayo:

• ukulahlekelwa kwegazi okukhulu;
• i-leukemia;
• isifo sofuba;
• izifo eziphilayo;
• ukungasebenzi kombhede.

I-Thrombocytopenia ingabangelwa yi:

• umntwana wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
• ingane ine-hemophilia;
• i-anemia ye-inflasti;
• ne-DIC-syndrome.

Hematocrit ekuhloleni kwegazi jikelele

Lokhu kuyinkomba ebonisa iphesenti yamacuperus abomvu engqikithi yenani le-heme. Izindlela zokuhlaziywa kwegazi ezinganeni ziyahlukahluka ngokusho kweminyaka yobudala:

• ezinganeni ezisuka ku-43% kuya ku-63%;
• ingane kuze kube yonyaka - kusuka ku-36% kuya ku-44%;
• Iminyaka engu-2-10 - kusukela ku-37% ukuya ku-44%.

Isibonisi esiphezulu sibangelwa kaningi ngezizathu ezinjalo:

• ukungasebenzi komsebenzi wokuphefumula;
• ukuvimbela emathunjini;
• ukushisa;
• i-leukemia yegazi;
• ukulimala.

Inani eliphansi libonisa izinkinga ezinjalo:

• ukuphuma okukhulu;
• inani elikhulu legazi;
• okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni we-heme liquid okwandisiwe.

Ama-leukocytes ahlolwa ngokujwayelekile kwegazi

Lawa maseli abamba iqhaza ekusungulweni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nelokuziphatha. Ukukhipha ukuhlaziywa kwegazi lomntwana - i-lymphocytes, cabanga ukuthi umkhuba ojwayelekile uhluka kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka yobudala (x10 esilinganisweni sesishiyagalolunye samaseli ku-heme-liquid l):

• Izinsana - 7.21-18.51;
• Izinyanga 1-12 - 6,15-12,0;
• Iminyaka engu-1-6 ubudala - 5,1-12,0;
• 6-12 ubudala - 4.4-10.0;
• abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 ubudala - 4,3-9,5.

Ukwanda kwenkomba kubonisa izinkinga ezinjalo:

• ukwehluleka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo;
• ukuphuma kwangaphakathi;
• izifo ze-parasitic;
• ukungezwani komzimba.

Inani eliphansi licasulwa yizici ezinjalo:

• ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya;
• umthambo we-bone umthamo;
• ukuntuleka kwe-zinc, selenium, iodini emzimbeni.

Iyini inkomba yombala ekuhlolweni kwegazi?

"Kubalwa" kuphela uma isifundo senziwe ngesandla. Inkomba yegazi iyigugu ebonisa okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin kumaseli abomvu egazi:

• hypochromia - i-hemoglobin cishe ayikho;
• i-normochromia - inani lenkomba lilungile;
• hyperchromia - saturation ngokweqile nge-hemoglobin.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele - evamile ezinganeni

Ngemva kokuthola imiphumela, udokotela wezingane uhlola isimo somntwana, izindinganiso zangempela ezifananisiwe nezibalo ezibalwe. Ukwenza lokhu, unomlando wokuhlolwa kwegazi ezinganeni - itafula. Kulo, izinkomba zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezici ezilandelayo:

• iminyaka;
• phansi.