Ukuhlakulela amazambane kuyinkambiso ejwayele abanikazi abaningi bama-cottages ehlobo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulima: ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zenza ubuchwepheshe obungavamile besebenzisa indawo yokuhlala, isilonda esineziguli kakhulu sikhule amazambane ngezinhlamvu.
Ukulungiselela amazambane ngokutshala
Noma yimuphi imbewu izohluma ngokushesha futhi inike isivuno esihle, uma kumncane kumsiza. Usizo oluvela ehlala ehlobo luhlanganisa nokuvimbela izifo nokugcwalisa izakhi. Amazambane akhula e-dacha kuzodinga umzamo omkhulu ukwenza izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhule ezinkulu futhi isivuno sijabule ngobuningi. Akuyona iphuzu lokugcina kuyoba ukuhluma kokutshala impahla.
Kunokuba usebenze amazambane ngaphambi kokufika?
Ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala kuhloswe ukuvimbela izifo nokubukeka kwezinambuzane, ukugqugquzela ukukhula nokufaka umquba owengeziwe wokutshala impahla.
- Ukuhluma kwamehlo kuyona iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni izilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi ukukhula okukhuthazayo kusiza ukwenza lokhu ngendlela efanele. Phakathi kwamagama angenakubalwa emaphakheji esitolo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kumkhiqizo "Potitein." Ngaphandle kokondla izilimo eziyizigaxa nge-zinc ne-manganese, i-agent "ye-Micon" izosiza, ayijabuli isidingo esincane.
- Ngokwesiko, izakhamuzi zasehlobo ziphatha imbewu nge-sulfate yethusi, zihlanza isipuni se-powder ebhodleleni lamathathu amathathu. Kumele ugcwale imbewu esixazululweni, kodwa ungawafaki. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine ngaphambi kokudlula.
- Gcwalisa imbewu ngezakhi zomzimba kuzosiza i- "Nitrofoska" ne "Solvent". Umsebenzi uqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika: zonke izinsuku eziyishumi, kufanele ulungiselele imbewu ngesisombululo kathathu.
- Ukulima amazambane, "Ubukhosi" buzinzile kahle njengomvikeli we-beetle waseColorado. Ukuvikeleka ngokuvuna isivuno kuzosiza amalungiselelo okubamba "i-Prestige" ne "Maxim", izakhamuzi zasehlobo ezitholakele kule ndlela akuyona unyaka wokuqala. Kusukela ku-crunches kuhle "NguMandla", isebenza kahle nge-wireworm.
Indlela yokutshala amazambane okutshala?
- Ukuhluma ekukhanyeni. Amazambane afakwe emgqeni owodwa emabhokisini amapulangwe noma eplastiki, ahlanganiswe phezulu. Konke lokhu kufakwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile, elimboza phezulu ungqimba lwembewu nge-gauze. Inqubo ithatha cishe inyanga. Ukushisa kancane kancane kwehla kusuka ku-20 ° C kuya ku-12 ° C, ukuze izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe nzima.
- Amazambane ngaphambi kokutshala ugcine i-sawdust noma i-peat. Konke kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha, ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane. Emabhokisini amafilimu agwetshiwe, kuwo ungqimba olulodwa lwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Konke lokhu kuthululwa phezu kwe-substrate enomanzi, ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinsukwini ezingu-20 kuyoba khona amahlumela.
- Indlela ehlangene inikeza umphumela ophezulu futhi ivumela ukulungisa ukungaphumeleli. Ngemva kokuhluma okukhanyayo, izilimo eziyizigaxa zithunyelwa endaweni encane ye-substrate ngesonto.
- Ukuphalaza kuyisisombululo sezakhamuzi zasehlobo, ezingenakuzibandakanya ezindleleni zokuqala ezintathu zokulungiselela imbewu. I-attic, igcwele noma igumbi elifanayo lihlanganiswe nefilimu kanye nembewu ehlakazekile kakade ilungiswe ngamalungiselelo phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwelapha izilimo eziyizigaxa nge- nitrogen fertilizer .
Izindlela zokutshala amazambane
Kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokungena kulo mkhakha. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo eziphuthumayo zivame ukusebenzisa ukutshalwa kwezambane zakamuva, okwenziwe kahle akufuni ukuphuma ekutshalweni kwesibhakabhaka sendabuko. Zonke izindlela zokutshala amazambane zifunwa, ngayinye yazo inezinzuzo zayo, okwenza ukuthi ithande phakathi kwabalimi. Ngaphandle kokutshala okuvamile emazambeni ovulekile angabekwa ngaphansi kwefilimu noma utshani.
Amazambane akhula emhlabathini ovulekile
Iminyaka eminingi ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amazambane abukashintshi, buhlala bufanele kulabo abalimi beloli bamanje:
- Imibhede ilungiswa kusukela ekwindla, imisa umsele wamasentimitha angu-30 njalo ngamasentimitha angu-45 njalo emva kokuvuna, izinsalela zezitshalo zichithelwa, i-ekhishi imfucuza emva kwama-saladi, konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe ngendwangu yamacembe awilekile (kubalulekile ukungagcini izingqimba ngokuqinile);
- Entwasahlobo, emanzini alungiselelwe, umlotha, engeza umquba kanye ne-superphosphates;
- izilimo eziyizigaxa zifakwa endaweni ejulile engaba ngu-8 cm, efafazwe umhlaba;
- lapho emibhedeni iziqu zikhula zibe ngu-15 cm, ziqala ukuhamba, inqubo iphindwe izikhathi eziningana;
- ukuchelela kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zesimo sezulu: ehlobo elomile livame ukuphuziswa, ngesikhathi semvula ukuchelela kunciphisa kakhulu, futhi inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna kumile.
Ukutshala amazambane ngaphansi komshini
Isitoreji sotshani sisusa ohlwini lwezinyathelo ezidingekile ezikhazimulayo, ukumba umhlabathi (okwanele ukukhululeka okuvamile), kwenza lula ukuchelela ngenxa yokugcina umswakama omuhle. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala amazambane ngaphansi komquba kuthatha uhlaka oluhle lokukhosela, ngaphandle kwalokho yonke imizamo iyoba yize. Ngaphandle kwalokho, azikho ubunzima:
- ukwenza kube lula ukulungiswa komhlabathi kuzokusiza imibhede yokuhlala emakhadibhodi, ngoba wonke ukhula luzobhekana nokubhekana nakho ngaphansi kwalo bese luba umanyolo;
- Ukutshala amazambane kuqala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuze kube nguJuni: izimpande ezingajulile zonke ama-40 cm zenziwe emhlabathini okhululiwe;
- Engeza umlotha omncane ngaphambi kokuba izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwe-slugs;
- imbewu kuphela efafazwe umhlaba, bese ihlanganiswa ngotshani ngendwangu engaba ngu-45 cm;
- ngakho-ke endaweni yamahhashi eyomile ayinayo i-slugs engadingeki, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kufakwe i-eggshell echotshoziwe;
- amanzi kuphela ngesikhathi esomile;
- ikakhulukazi uzokuvuna ikakhulukazi ukuvuna, ngoba nje udinga ukufakela utshani bese udonsa amazambane avela phezulu, ngeke ube ne-clod emhlabeni.
Ukulima amazambane ngaphansi kwefilimu
Ifilimu ebhizinisini lanamuhla lokulima liyisiza esibalulekile. Ukuthandwa kwalo kukhula njalo ngonyaka, njengoba kungenzeka ukuba ukhule amazambane ngaphansi koqweqwe ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle komzamo. Le ndlela inhle ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala:
- izilimo eziyizigaxa zifuna ezinkulu, zingcono ukubekezelela izimo ngaphansi kwefilimu;
- Sikhetha indawo yokutshala ngokuya ngaseningizimu, lapho inhlabathi ishesha khona emva komkhuhlane;
- amazambane asekuqaleni afana nokukhanya okuluhlaza kanye nama-peat bogs, ukuphendula okuhle kakhulu ekufakweni kwengxube ka-30 g we-potassium chloride kanye no-1 g we-sulfate yethusi, ehlanjululwe emandleni ayishumi-litre;
- ububanzi obujwayelekile befilimu buyi-120-180 cm, uma ukhula amazambane lokhu kufana nezintathu ezintathu zokutshala, ukujula ukutshala ngo-8 cm;
- Ifilimu isethelwe kuhlaka noma ibeke ngqo emhlabathini;
- ulinde u-20 ° C kanye namahlumela okuqala ukuqala umoya we-ventilation wansuku zonke, ngokushesha nje lapho i-thermometer ishisa kakhulu futhi izihlahla sezifinyelele ku-25 cm, izimbobo zenziwe ngephethini elinyanyisiwe kule filimu;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kuwela ngesonto lesithathu ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, thatha i- urea ne-ammonium sulfate ngokulinganisa okujwayelekile;
- okwesibili benza i-potassium nitrate ne-potassium sulfate ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume, uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi noma olumile luvunyelwe;
- ngesikhathi semvula, ukuphuza akudingekile, isilinganiso sokunisela sesikhathi esomile ngamalitha angama-50 ngesikwele ngasinye.
Izindlela zokulima amazambane
Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo ezinethuba lokubeka amabhokisi emafasiteleni abo ngezithombo, zilungiselela ngempumelelo inkathi futhi zihlume imbewu ka utamatisi, ukhukhamba noma ama-eggplant. Kodwa kuyiqiniso ngempela ukukhulisa amazambane ngezinqubo zembewu. Yebo, futhi inguqulo ye-tuber yakudala inezinketho eziningi zokuqala. Izimo zokutshala amazambane zixhomeke kakhulu ngobukhulu besakhiwo, imigomo kanye nokuvuna okufunayo.
Indlela yokutshala amazambane kusuka kumbewu?
Izindawo zokuhluma zidinga izikhathi ezimbalwa, amazambane aphethwe yizifo, azibonakalwanga ukulimala okuphuzile, lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokuthola izinto zokutshala izinga ngesikhathi seminyaka. Kodwa ngisho nokutshala okunembile kwamazambane ngeke kukulondoloze ebubini obunzima, kuzodingeka usebenzise zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa njalo ukuze ugcine amahlumela angenangqondo futhi engenangqondo:
- ukulungiswa kwembewu kuqukethe ukuqina, ukungena emanzini, noma ukukhula okukhuthazayo;
- ekupheleni kukaMashi baqala ukufika emabhokisini: ingxube yomhlaba kanye nezingxenye ezine ze-peat ihlanganiswa ngamanyolo futhi ahlanjululwa;
- imbewu ehlwanyelwe imbewu itshalwe emibhedeni engu-5 cm njalo ngamasentimitha angu-10 futhi ifafazwe ngesihlabathi (isihlabathi senziwe kancane ukuze singagcini ngesikhathi sokuchelela);
- ezifundeni eziningi kungcono ukushayela amazambane ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, izithombo ezikhulayo emva kokuvela kweqabunga lamaqabunga ziqhubeka ezimbizeni ze-peat;
- Ukuphela kukaMeyi kufudumele ukutshala endaweni evulekile.
Ukutshala amazambane ngezilimo eziyizigaxa
Nakuba indlela ye-tuber ibhekwa njengezigaba, inezixazululo eziningana ezithakazelisayo. Izici zamazambane ezikhulayo zivela ngezimo zokukhula kanye namathuba okuhlala ehlobo:
- Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezijwayele kakade ngaphansi komshini noma ifilimu, ukutshala emagqumeni asetshenzisiwe, lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zingatshalwe ezingxenyeni ezivuliwe, kodwa emibhedeni egcwala amaslayidi (lapho inhlabathi ivuselela ngokushesha, akudingeki ukuthi ithululelwe futhi umswakama owedlula njalo ugeleza emifeni);
- uma kunezindawo ezimbalwa kakhulu esakhiweni, hlakulela amazambane esikhwameni noma emibhedeni emincane;
- Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zakwazi ukuqonda indlela yokukhula emathangeni aphilayo.
Izimfihlo zamazambane ezikhulayo
Indlela yokwenza ibhizinisi efanele futhi eqondayo iyohlale iveza imiphumela. Kanye nezindlela ezidumile zokutshala nokunakekela amazambane, kufanelekile ukuzama izinto ezinjalo:
- ukuqubuka okujulile okuphambene nokuvusa akuvangeli kuphela amehlo aphezulu, kodwa futhi okuphakathi futhi okuphansi, futhi lokhu kuyi-shrub eqinile nekhiqizayo esikhathini esizayo;
- Ukutshala kungcono ekuqondeni kusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu;
- uma amasonto amabili emva kokuqhakaza ukuze aphule iziqu zehlathi ekuphakameni kwe-cm 10, izakhi zizobuyela ezimpandeni bese zisebenza ukuze kuzuze isivuno;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zingenziwa ukunikeza izitshalo ezimbili: emva kokumba, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu kuphela ziqothulwe futhi isihlahla sibuyiselwa endaweni yaso, sithule ibhakede lamanzi emgodini ngaphambi kokuwa, isihlahla sizokwenza isivuno sesibili.
Isikhathi sokutshala amazambane
Okumangalisa ukuthi, kodwa ukutshala kwamazambane okuqala ngaphansi kwefilimu kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nangaphambi kuka-Ephreli. Ngaphansi kwefilimu ye-frost, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa azikho okubi. Uma kuyindaba yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ngendlela ye-classical, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi ulinde inhlabathi ukuthi ifudumele kuze kufike ku-8 ° C. Esifundeni ngasinye usuku lwabo. Ukuqaphela ukufika kwesikhathi esifanele kungenziwa ngezizathu ezinjalo:
- ukuvela kwamapheshana emthini we-birch nokuvulwa kwesihlahla se-cherry - isibonakaliso esifanele sokuqala umsebenzi, lapha futhi kufaka ukuvula kwama-dandelions;
- Kuhle ukubona izibikezelo zesimo sezulu emasontweni amabili alandelayo emithonjeni eminingana.
Umanyolo wamazambane lapho utshala
Isistimu yezimpande yamasiko ayithuthuki kahle, ngakho-ke, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zondliwe ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokufika, ngaleyo ndlela zinike isiqalo esihle. Ukukhula nokondla amazambane kuzokwenziwa lula kakhulu ngamanyolo alandelayo aphonswe ngqo emgodini:
- Uthando olunamanzi luyakuthandwa futhi luhlonishwa yizihlobo zendawo zasehlobo-abaqalayo nabanini bomhlaba abanolwazi, ngoba yindawo yokugcina i-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-manganese, futhi ikhulula inhlabathi;
- yenza inhlabathi iphefumule futhi yenza inani elingenakulinganiswa eliwusizo kungaba, ukuphonsa emqubeni womquba (okwanele ngokwanele ingxenye engama-litre).
- Isixazululo esihle futhi esihlala njalo esiyingqikithi - engeza ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-humus, inani lilinganayo.