Lapho sithola usizo lochwepheshe ngemuva kokuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo, njengombuso, ukuqhuma noma ukulalela amaphaphu kwenziwa. Umphumela walolu cwaningo ngezinye izikhathi uba irekhodi 'lokuphefumula kanzima' ekhadini lesiguli. Ngokuvamile, izincazelo ezinjalo ziyesabisa, futhi abantu abanobucayi baqala ukukhathazeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingapheli kanye nezifo ze-bronchial.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "ukuphefumula kanzima"?
Empeleni, inkulumo ecutshungulwayo ayithwali nhlobo imithwalo yesimiso.
Ukuphefumula okuvamile kumuntu onempilo kuthiwa yi-vesicular. Kubonakala ngomsindo othize, owakhiwa ngenxa yokususwa kwama-alveoli (ama-vesicles emaphaphu), ulalelwa ngokungafaki futhi ungabikho ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Umsindo we-Vesicular ulula futhi unokuthula, awunawo umngcele ocacile wokupheliswa komsindo, njengoba ukhula kancane kancane.
Kulezo zimo lapho inqubo yokuphefumula ihlukile kulokho okuchazwe ngenhla, odokotela abaningi bakhetha ukubhala "ukuphefumula kanzima". Eqinisweni, le nkulumo isho ukuthi udokotela akatholanga noma iyiphi i-pathologies, kodwa umsindo lapho ulalele, ngokuvumelana nombono wakhe wokuziphendulela, uhlukile e-vesicular. Cishe kukho konke okukhiphayo nokurekhoda ekhadini omunye ungathola inhlanganisela yemishwana ethi "ukuphefumula kanzima" futhi "ayikho isondo" kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utholakala kanjani.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kuyindlela yokucwaninga kakhulu engathembeki, eyenziwa ngokwengeziwe, ngoba wonke umuntu usetshenziselwa ukuthi udokotela wezokwelapha "uzolalela". Le ndlela idinga okuhle, ngisho nomculo, ukuzwa nokuzwa okucebile, kuvame ukunikeza imiphumela yamanga, kokubili okuhle nokubi.
Izitatimende eziningi e-Internet eziphefumula kanzima ziwuphawu lokugula okuphefumulayo, ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa ebulalayo, ukutheleleka kwegciwane, ukonakala kwe-virus, noma ukuqoqwa kwe-mucus kungamanga.
Izimbangela zokuphefumula kanzima
Incazelo ecacile yalesi simo, lapho umsindo uzwakala ngokulinganayo lapho u-inhaling nokukhipha umoya, ukuphefumula okubuhlungu. Umsindo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemiphumela kubonakala ngokucacile futhi kucacile, ngokuzwakalayo.
Njengomthetho, ukuphefumula okunzima okukhulu kwe-bronchial kwenzeka nge-pneumonia - high fever, ukukhwehlela nokukhishwa kwesenzo esimhlophe se-purulent sputum njengoba kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezimpawu. Izinhlobo eziningana zamabhaktheriya zibhekwa njengama-causative agents of the disease, ngokuvamile i-streptococci.
Enye imbangela yokuphefumula kwe-bronchial yi -fibrosis ye-pulmonary . Kuyinto esikhundleni samathambo avamile ngamaseli axhunyiwe. Lesi sifo sibonakala kubantu abahlukunyezwa yi-asthma ye-bronchial ne-inflammation ye-allergen yamaphaphu. Kanti futhi, i-fibrosis ivame ukungena emlandweni wokuthatha imithi ethile kanye ne-chemotherapy. Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela owomile, ngezinye izikhathi nge-sputum, i-pallor noma i-blue blue blueness yesikhumba.
Azikho ezinye izici nezifo ezenza isimo esichazwe.
Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula kanzima
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi lokhu kutholakala akukhona neze, akudingeki ukwelashwa okhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into ehloliswe yiyo kuphela uphawu, hhayi isifo esizimele.
Uma, phakathi nokucwaninga, imisindo ye-bronchial itholakale lapho i-inhalation ne-exhalation, futhi izibonakaliso eziqhamukayo zibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pneumonia, ukwelashwa kwe-antimicrobial kuyodingeka.
Ukumisela ama-antibiotics ngokuphefumula okunamandla okukhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-sputum kuyadingeka. Ukuhlaziywa kuvumela ukukhomba i-pathogen nokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kobuzwe bayo ezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene. Ngokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okuxubekile noma uhlobo oluthile lwama-microbes, ama-antibiotic anesenzo esiningi esivela eqenjini lama-cephalosporins, amapenicillin nama-macrolides Kunconywa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-fibrosis kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticosteroids, imishanguzo ye-cytostatics nemithi ye-antifibrotic, kanye nokwelapha oksijini.