Izazi zengqondo emhlabeni jikelele zikhathazeka ukuthi maduzane kunabantu abaningi kakhulu abanalolu hlobo noma loluhlobo lokuthembela. Futhi uma ngaphambilini umlutha ube nesisekelo samakhemikhali kuphela, manje singavela ezingeni lokuziphatha.
Kuyini umlutha?
Igama lesayensi lokuxhomeke ekutheni lithembele. Ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokukhona komlutha kumuntu lapho eveza isifiso esinamandla sokwenza isenzo noma ukwenza umsebenzi: ukubhema, ukubukela i-TV, ukudla amaswidi, ukudlala umdlalo wekhompyutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kancane kancane umuntu othembekile unomlutha wokuvuselela okukhuthazayo futhi athole injabulo, lokhu kuvuselela kudingeke ukuba kudingeke ukuthi kube nokuningi. Ingozi yokulutha umlutha wukuthi nayo ayikho nje engokwengqondo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinguquko zomzimba emzimbeni.
Izinhlobo Zemiyalo
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, umlutha ukuxhomeka entweni, into, umuntu noma isenzo. Kuncike kulokho okuwumthombo wokulutha, umlutha uhlukaniswe ngalezi zinhlobo:
- I-Chemical (ngokomzimba) . Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwekhemikhali, evame uketshezi, okwenza umuntu abe nesimo sokuthokoza. Umphumela wamakhemikhali ende amakhemikhali ukulimala komzimba ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba, okuholela ekubukeni kwezifo ezinzima.
- I-Psychological (ukuziphatha) . Igeleza kusuka kokunamathiselwe kwisenzo esithile, ukuziphatha, isifiso noma umuntu.
Umlutha wokugwema
Izinhlobo ezingezona amakhemikhali zokuxhomeka zihlanganisa ukulutha kokugwema, izimbangela ezivela ebuntwaneni bokuqala. Umuntu onomlutha, akakwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane obuseduze, njengokuqinisa ubudlelwane, uzama ukubalekela. Uma umuntu esondelene futhi ekhululekile eba umlutha onjalo, ubonisa ngokujulile isikhundla sokugwema. Uma umuntu obalulekile eqala ukuhamba, umuntu othembekile ufuna ukusetha kabusha othintana naye oseduze.
Uthando lokulutha
Uma befuna impendulo yombuzo: yikuphi ukulutha, ngakho-ke akukwenzeka kunoma ubani ukuthi lesi simangaliso singaxhunyaniswa nemizwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaphesenti amaningi amacala encike ekuthandweni othandweni. Uthando lomlutha lubonakala ngokuthembela okuqinile kumuntu omluthayo umzwa. Kule ndaba, umuntu othembekile othandweni ulawula ngokweqile izenzo kanye nobuhlobo babathandekayo, uyamzwisa ubuhlungu ngesikhwele sakhe, amhlupha ngamacala, futhi akavumeli ukuhamba naye okwesikhashana.
Zonke izinyathelo zomlutha ezihloswe ekuqiniseni ubudlelwane angeke zanelise umuntu othembekile, uhlale enesimo sokukhathazeka nokwesaba ukuthi ubudlelwane buyokwehla. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka. Kunzima kumlingani ukuba abe nobuhlobo lapho kukhona ukulawula okuphelele nokumesaba ukwesaba. Uthando lomlutha luvimbela ukwakhiwa kobudlelwane obugcwele futhi kubangelwa abalingani ukuba bazizwe bekhungathekile futhi bangalondeki.
Ukulutha kocansi
Ukungaqondakali ebuhlotsheni bobulili bubonakala kakhulu ngokulutha kobulili. Lolu hlobo lokulutha kwemithwalo lunemiphakathi engokwengqondo ehlobene nokuphulwa kokusondelana nomama ebusana noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Ngalolu hlobo lokuthembela, umuntu ukholelwa ukuthi ubulili yiyona yodwa indawo lapho angazibonakalisa khona. Ngokuvamile umlutha onokwethenjelwa onjalo unesizotha esincane futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ungasithakazelisa kuphela njengomlingani wezocansi. Ukulutha ngokocansi ezimweni eziningi kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinhlobo zokulutha.
Ubudakamizwa obuhle
Izidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngezinye izikhathi zithatha amafomu amahle kakhulu. Ukuqaphela ukubonakala komuntu kuye kwabangela ukuthi cishe owesithathu kwababesifazane nabangu-15% besilisa bangakwazi ukubona izimpawu zobugqila obuhle. Umuntu onokuthembela lokhu uchitha isikhathi esiningi nemali ekugcineni ukukhangisa kwakhe kwangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunakekela ubuhle bomzimba ngezinye izikhathi kungalimaza impilo, kodwa akuvimbeli ukulutha.
Lolu hlobo lokuthembela lungathatha amafomu ahlukene:
- i-anorexia - isifiso sokuba nesibalo esincane ngokula ukudla kahle;
- i-tanorexia - isifiso sokuhle ngokuvakashela njalo i-solarium;
- meikapmaniya - isifiso sezimonyo zokuhlobisa;
- ukukhula kwentsha - isifiso sokwandisa intsha ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinamandla zokuvuselela, izinqubo kanye nokuhlinzwa kweplastiki;
- ukufaneleka - isifiso sokuzikhandla sokubandakanya amaqembu ama-fitness noma ama-gyms.
I-CyberDiction
Ukulutha komshini kwekhompyutha kwaqala ukuvela kusukela ekufikeni kwemidlalo yekhompiyutha ephezulu kanye nokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Ukuthembela kukhompyutha kungomunye omncane kunomqondo wokuthi kwenzeka ngisho nasezinganeni. Ngenkinga, kukhona isifiso esingenakuvinjwa sokudlala imidlalo noma ukukhipha i-Inthanethi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu ulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezweni langempela, uyayigcina imisebenzi yakhe, futhi uzama ukuzizwa enesizungu. Umlutha ungaqala ukuba nezinkinga zokulala, inkumbulo, ukuhlushwa, impilo yengqondo nempilo.
Ukulutha kokudla
Ukusebenza okudlula ukwedlula utshwala noma i-nicotine kubhekwa ekudleni kokudla ngokweqile. Isizathu salokhu yiqiniso lokuthi ukuthembela kokudla kwakha isikhathi eside futhi kuwuqeda kuyinkimbinkimbi njengoba kuvela ekuxhasweni kwamakhemikhali. Ukuxhomeka kokudla okunomsoco kuyindlela yokunciphisa ngokucindezeleka ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka nokuqeda ukukhwabanisa. Ngesikhathi sokudla, ubuchopho buyashintsha ekucabangeni ngesimo esibi sokugaya ukudla, okwakha okwesikhashana imizwa engathandeki.
Ukutholakala komlutha wokudla kungashiwo lapho umuntu esebenzisa ukudla noma nini lapho eqala ukwethuka noma eboshiwe. Ngemuva kokudla, kungase kube nobunzima esiswini. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla kungena emzimbeni ngaphezu kokudingekile ekuphileni, isisindo sanda kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile, umuntu othembekile uzikhumbuza ngesinye uhlobo sokudla. Umholi kule ndaba amaswidi, okuvumela ukuba usheshe uphakamise indebe ye-glycemic futhi uthuthukise isimo sakho sengqondo.
Utshwala wokulutha
Ukuxhomeka kwamakhemikhali, okusekelwe ethonyeni lokuphuza utshwala emzimbeni womuntu - ukulutha utshwala. Abazali be-Narcologists babheka ukuphuza ngokweqile hhayi nje umlutha, kodwa ukugula kwengqondo okungapheli. Esikhathini sokuqala sokusetshenziswa kotshwala, utshwala lungasusa ngokushesha ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, phumula, ujabule, uthuthukise amakhono okuxhumana. Ukusetshenziswa okudakayo kweziphuzo ezidakayo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi utshwala luyingxenye ye-metabolism futhi lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ekuphatheni lokhu kuxhomekeke.
Ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokudakwa ngokweqile lapho ukusetshenziswa kwalo sekuphela ukuba kube okufanekisako futhi kungena esigabeni sesidingo. Ukufaka njalo utshwala egazini kungabangela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile nokucindezeleka kwengqondo . Isigaba sokugcina sokudakwa ngokweqile kubonakala ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa komthamo, ukuwohloka kwemisebenzi yengqondo kanye nokubonakala komqondo.
I-workaholism njengomlutha
Ukulutha komlutha wokudla okungaqondakali akuqondakali kahle, futhi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuthi umuntu usebenza okuningi. Kuye ngomsebenzi, umlutha uthatha umgomo oyinhloko - ukufeza impumelelo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Ukhathazeka uma othile engcono kunaye, ngoba ulungele ukunikela amandla akhe nesikhathi sakhe emsebenzini wakhe owuthandayo. Abantu abahlukunyezwayo badelela abangane nabangane, musa ukuzinikela isikhathi emndenini. Uma umuntu onjalo enenkinga enkulu emsebenzini, lapho engakwazi khona ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe, ukulutha ngokweqile kwe-workaholism kungena kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhomeka kwamakhemikhali.
Ukulutha kwemidlalo
Ukuthandana emkhakheni wezemidlalo kuwumlutha wezemidlalo. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi umuntu uhlanganyela ehholo noma ekhaya. Ngesinye isikhathi, uqala ukwandisa umthwalo, futhi isikhathi esiningi sokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo. Uma izigameko ezibalulekile noma ezingalindelekile ziholela ekwehleni ekuqeqeshweni, umlutha wezemidlalo angase abe nesimo sokukhathazeka noma sokwesaba. Izizathu zalokhu kuxhomekeka zingahlanganiswa kokubili ukunganeliseki ngomzimba wakho, isifiso sokuba mnandi kakhulu, nokuzethemba okuphansi.
Isiyaluyalu - indlela yokukhipha?
Izincomo zokuthi ungaphumelela kanjani ekudleni, izifo zengqondo kanye nezifo zengqondo ziqala ngesidingo sokuqaphela ukuthi kukhona ukuziphatha okuthembekile. Iningi labantu abayilutha abayithandanga ukuthi bayamlutha, ikakhulukazi uma iphathelene nezinkinga zengqondo. Ukwamukelwa kumuntu othembekile ochwepheshe kuyena kuphela lapho inkinga ithatha uhlamvu oluyingozi noma ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezihlobo.
Uma kwenzeka ukuxhomeka kwamakhemikhali, ochwepheshe bangase basikisele ukuqala ukuvuselelwa emtholampilo ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa. Isigaba esiyinhloko sokwelashwa yisifo sengqondo, iqembu noma umuntu ngamunye. Ngokuzimela ukukhipha umlutha kakhulu kunzima ngenxa yokuhluleka okuvamile, ngakho-ke ukwelapha eside kwezokwelashwa okubekwa esikhundleni sesekelo kunconywa.
Umzabalazo wokulutha umlutha awuhilelanga nje ukusebenzisana nokulutha ngokweqile, kodwa futhi nemvelo yayo, lapho izici eziholela ekuziphatheni okungahle zifihlwe. Ukuze umuntu othembekile akhiphe imikhuba yakhe endala futhi ashintshe ukuziphatha kwakhe, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushintshe imikhuba yamalungu omndeni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuvuselelwa kungabandakanya ukuphathwa kwengqondo yomndeni.