Umthetho wePareto noma isimiso 20/80 - kuyini?

Abantu abaqaphelisayo baletha inzuzo enkulu ezweni lapho behlanganyela iziphetho zabo ngokusekelwe ekubonweni kwabo. Imithetho yonke engasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kusiza umuntu ukuthi athole imiphumela engcono emisebenzini yomuntu siqu kanye nomphakathi. Omunye umthetho onjalo ngumthetho wePareto.

Umgomo wePareto, noma isimiso 20/80

Umthetho wePareto ubizwa ngokuthi ngu-Italian-sociologist-economist uWilhelm Pareto. Usosayensi wayebandakanye ngezifundo zokugeleza kokusaba imali emphakathini kanye nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yalokho, wathola amaphethini ajwayelekile, aboniswa emthethweni wePareto, owasungulwa emva kokufa kososayensi ngumchwepheshe wekhwalithi yaseMelika uJoseph Jurano ngo-1941.

Umthetho kaWilhelm Pareto uyindlela ephumelelayo ye-20/80, lapho kusetshenziselwa imizamo engu-20% emisebenzini ekhethiwe, inikeze u-80% womphumela. Ngesikhathi u-80% womzamo u-20% kuphela. I-Pareto equilibrium yasungulwa ngesisekelo somsebenzi wakhe kwi "Theory of Elites" futhi yaboniswa ngemigomo ebekiwe:

1. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemithombo yezimali emphakathini: I-80% yenani eliphelele ligxilwe ku-elite elite (elite), ama-20% asele asatshalaliswa emphakathini.
2. Ama-20% kuphela amabhizinisi athola amaphesenti angu-80% enzuzo yawo aphumelele futhi aphumelele.

I-Pareto isimiso - ukuphathwa kwesikhathi

Ukuphumelela komuntu kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kodwa ukusebenzisa isikhathi esihlakaniphile kungenye yezikhathi ezibalulekile nezibalulekile. Umthetho kaPareto ngesikhathi sokuhlela usiza ngomzamo omncane wokufeza imiphumela emangalisayo futhi uthathe ukulawula izindawo ezibalulekile zokuphila. Ukufaneleka kwePareto esikhathini sokuphatha kuzobukeka kanje:

1. Imisebenzi engu-20% kuphela yemisebenzi egcwalisiwe izonikeza u-80% womphumela;
2. Ukuze ukhethe le misebenzi ebaluleke kunazo zonke ezoletha u-80% "ukuphelelwa yisikhathi", kubalulekile ukwenza uhlu lwamacala bese uwabeka ngokubaluleka esikalini esisezingeni eli-10, lapho u-10 ezobonisa khona kuqala umsebenzi, kanti u-0-1 ubaluleke kakhulu.
3. Imisebenzi efana nayo iqala ukwenza neyidinga ukusetshenziswa kancane.

Umthetho wePareto empilweni

Emisebenzini yansuku zonke, imisebenzi eminingi yesikhathi esijwayelekile futhi kuphela 20% yawo ecebisa ngempela insimu yezinzwa zomuntu, inikeze isipiliyoni esiwusizo futhi ulethe ukusebenza kahle. Ukubukwa komuntu ngokuqaphela: ukuxhumana nabantu, isikhala esizungezile, izinto nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi - kuzosiza ukucubungula nokuhlukanisa okungadingekile noma ukunciphisa konke okukhipha amandla nesikhathi. Umgomo wePareto empilweni:

1. Ukuzithuthukisa - isikhathi esiningi sokuzinikezela ekuthuthukiseni lalawo makghono athola ama-80%.
2. Izimali - amakhasimende angu-20% aletha imali engenayo eqinile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba banakekele futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo.
3. Isikhala sendlu - umphumela wePareto wukuthi umuntu usebenzisa kuphela u-20% wezinto ngaphakathi endlini, abanye basuke bethulila ekamelweni noma ngaso sonke isikhathi izinto eziningi ezingadingekile zithengwa ezihlanganisa isikhala. Ukuhlela ukuthenga, abantu basebenzisa isikhathi esincane ekusebenzeni lezi zinto.
4. Ukulawulwa kwezezimali - kusiza ukubala ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingu-20%, imikhiqizo idlulisa u-80% wezimali futhi inquma ukuthi ungayilondoloza kuphi.
5. Ubudlelwane - phakathi kwezihlobo, abajwayele, osebenza nabo, kukhona labo abangama-20% abantu abaxhumana nabo kakhulu .

I-Pareto Principle ku-Economics

Ukusebenza kahle noma i-Pareto Optimum ohlelweni lwezomnotho ingenye yemibono ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wanamuhla futhi iqukethe isiphetho esenziwe nguPareto ukuthi inhlalakahle yomphakathi ikhuliswa emnothweni lapho kungekho muntu ongathuthukisa isimo sabo ngaphandle kokubhebhekisa inhlalakahle yabanye. I-Pareto - ibhalansi elungile lifezwa kuphela uma izimo ezidingekile zifinyelelwa:

1. Izinzuzo eziphakathi kwabathengi zisatshalaliswa ngokuvumelana nokwaneliseka okukhulu kwezidingo zabo (ngaphakathi kohlaka lokukwazi ukukhokhela izakhamizi).
2. Izinsiza zifakwa phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ngesilinganiso lapho zisetshenziselwa khona ngokusemandleni ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Imikhiqizo eyenziwa ngamabhizinisi kufanele isebenzise ngokugcwele imithombo enikeziwe.

I-Pareto Principle Management

Umthetho wokusatshalaliswa kwePareto nawo usebenza ngendlela yokuphatha. Ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezinabasebenzi abaningi, kulula ukudala ukubonakala komsebenzi kunamaqembu amancane, lapho wonke umuntu ebonakala khona. Lezo zingu-20% zabasebenzi abazisa imisebenzi yabo, balwela ukwenza umsebenzi - baletha u-80% wemali engenayo ekukhiqizeni. Ochwepheshe bezisebenzi sebeye basebenzisa isimiso sePareto futhi banciphisa abasebenzi abangadingekile, besindisa izindleko zenkampani, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kudingekile kubasebenzi abasebenza lapho inkampani ibhekene nenkinga yokukhiqiza.

I-Pareto Principle ku-Sales

Umthetho wePareto ekuthengiseni ungenye yezinto eziyisisekelo. Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi, umphathi wokuthengisa ophezulu uzama ukukhomba izingxenye eziphumelelayo zezenzo ezingu-20%, izimo, abalingani, izimpahla, okuzokwenza ukuthengiselana, ukuthengiswa ezingeni eliphezulu. Abathengisi abaphumelelayo baye babonisa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zePareto:

• 20% yesikhathi esichitha ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi - 80% yokusebenza;
• Ukuthengiswa kwezingu-80% kunikezwa ngabaphathi abangu-20 noma abadayisi kuphela;
• Kusukela kulo lonke imikhakha yemikhiqizo, kuphela 20% ukukhiqiza imali engenayo engu-80%;
• Amakhasimende ahlale njalo noma abathengi, lawa angama-20% aletha imali engu-80% kwimali noma ekukhiqizeni.

Umgomo wePareto ku-logistics

Indlela ye-Pareto ku-logistics iye yafakazela ukusebenza kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile ingahle ilandiswe njengoba: ukunakekelwa kugxile ku-10% - 20% wezikhundla ezibalulekile zokufaka ama-assortment, abaphakeli kanye namakhasimende ekunikezeni impumelelo engu-80% ngezindleko eziphansi. Izici zezinhlelo lapho isimiso sePareto sisetshenziswa khona:

• ukuthunyelwa-ukulayisha, ukuthutha kwezimpahla;
• Ukulandelela umthamo wokuthunyelwa kobubanzi;
• ukuhlelwa kokukhiqiza;
• ukubekwa kahle kwezimpahla kumakamelo okuhweba noma ukugcina impahla;
• ukuhlaziywa kwamakhasimende.

Yini esiza ukunquma ishadi lePareto?

Umbono kaPareto ungaboniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zemidwebo, okuthi, njengensimbi, isebenza kwezoqoqosho, amabhizinisi, nobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni:

1. I-Pareto's graph ukusebenza - kusiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezibalulekile nemiphumela engathandeki
2. Ishadi lePareto ngezizathu ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zezinkinga ezavela phakathi nemisebenzi.

Ungakha kanjani ishadi le-Pareto?

Ishadi lePareto kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa likuvumela ukuba uhlole imisebenzi futhi wenze izinqumo zokuqeda izenzo ezingenzi lutho. Ukwakha ishadi kusekelwe emithethweni:

1. Ukukhetha inkinga, okumele iphenywe kahle.
2. Lungisa ifomu lokungena kwedatha
3. Ngokwehla kokubaluleka kokunciphisa, faka idatha eyamukelekile ngenkinga ihlolwe.
4. Ukulungiselela i-axis yeshadi. Esikhathini se-axis sokungakwesokunxele se-ordinates, inani lezinto ezifundwayo (isibonelo kusuka ku-1-10), lapho umkhawulo ongaphezulu wezinga uhambelana nenani lezinkinga, kuhlehlisiwe. I-axis efanele ye-ordate isilinganiso esivela ku-10 - 100% - inkomba yesilinganiso sephesenti sezinkinga noma izimpawu ezingenakwenzeka. I-axisk axis ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezihambisana nenani lezinto ezifundwayo.
5. Ukudweba umdwebo. Ukuphakama kwamakholomu ngakwesokunxele kwesilinganiso silingana nemvamisa yokubonakaliswa kwezinkinga zokulawula, futhi amakholomu akhiwe ngendlela yokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwezici.
6. Ikhefu lePareto lakhiwe ngesisekelo somdwebo - lo mgwaqo ophukile uhlanganisa amaphuzu aphelele abekwe ngaphezu kwekholomu ehambelanayo, eqondiswe ngakwesokudla.
7. Ukukwaziswa kufakiwe emdwebeni.
8. Ukuhlaziywa komdwebo wePareto.

Isibonelo somdwebo obonisa iPareto ukungalingani nokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla ezizuzisa kakhulu: