Hesychasm in Orthodoxy and Philosophy - kuyini?

Nakuba inkolo iye yafinyelela kuwo wonke amaphapha eplanethi yethu, amagama amaningi ahlobene nalo ayengaziwa, isibonelo, afaka i-hesychasm. Lesi siqondiso sinemibono yaso kanye nefilosofi, okusiza ukuqonda ukushiwo okuphelele kwalesi siqondiso.

Iyini i-hesychasm?

Leli gama livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "hesychia", okusho ukuthi ukuthula, ukuthula nokuhlala yedwa. I-Hesychasm ngumkhuba wabaholi be-Orthodox, ngokusekelwe ezimfundisweni zikaJesu. Umgomo wakhe oyinhloko ukucabangela ukukhanya okuvela kuNkulunkulu, okuzovela enhliziyweni. Ukukhulunywa kwalo mkhuba kutholakala emibhalweni yama-3rd-4th leminyaka. n. e. Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kunakho ngenxa yeGrigory Palamas ngekhulu le-14. Ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni kwe-hesychasm kwakungu-1351.

Ngokusho kwalo mkhuba oyingqayizivele, iNkosi ayikwazi ukuqaphela ukucabanga okunengqondo noma ulwazi lwesayensi. Ukukubona, udinga imizamo eqinile, ufuna ukugxila futhi uthole ukuthokoza komusa kaNkulunkulu. Kunezikhombisi ezintathu ze-hesychasm:

• ukuzimisela - kwavela emakhulwini okuqala okumbumbulu;
• imikhuba engokomoya efakazela ukuphindaphinda komthandazo kaJesu;
• imfundiso kaGregory Palamas emandleni angenalutho.

Hesychasm ngefilosofi

Isisekelo somkhuba ukuvuselelwa okungokomoya, okunikeza ithuba lokuxhumana nokubona iNkosi. I-Hesychasm yefilosofi iyithuba lokuqonda ukuthi umuntu uyimvelo encane lapho yonke indawo ibonakala khona. Abantu abenza izono bawenza kube mnyama isithombe seNkosi ngaphakathi kwabo, kodwa uma umuntu ephila ngemithetho, umuntu angayicoca umphefumulo futhi afike emandleni aphezulu ngokuthandaza. UNkulunkulu uvula umhlaba njalo ezenzweni zakhe, isibonelo, ngamandla, uthando, ukuhlakanipha, njalonjalo.

I-Hesychasm e-Orthodoxy

Izenzo zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokomzimba zibe izingxenye eziningana, okumele zenziwe ngokulandelana okuqinile.

1. Ukuhlanzwa kwenhliziyo . I-hesychasm yobuKristu isekelwe ukuthi umuntu kuphela onenhliziyo ehlanzekile angabona uNkulunkulu. Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bajabulele kakhulu ukudla, izingubo kanye nezinye izindawo. Kubalulekile ukuphazamisa kunoma yiziphi izinto zenjabulo yemvelo, okuzosivumela ukuba sigxile ekukhulumisaneni neNkosi. Ungasebenzisa imithandazo enenhliziyo ehlakaniphile, lapho uJesu ngokwakhe ayebophezele khona ekulimeni okuqhubekayo.
2. Ukulinganisa . Ukuzikhandla kuyadingeka kuphela ekuzihlukaniseni futhi kungcono emathunzini. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugxilweni okuphezulu.
3. Ukuxhumana kwengqondo nenhliziyo . I-Orthodox Hesychasm ichaza ukusetshenziswa kokuzindla nokuzivocavoca. Ngenxa yalokho, ingqondo igxila esifundeni senhliziyo, lapho umphefumulo ukhona khona. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukwenza okuhlakaniphile."
4. Umthandazo . Umthandazo kaJesu kufanele uphindwe ngokuphindaphindiwe nangokuphefumula okulodwa. Lona ubuciko obukhethekile obungakwazi ukuqeqeshwa.
5. Silence . Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izigaba zidluliselwe, kukhona ukuhlushwa enhliziyweni nokwakhiwa kokuthula, okubalulekile ekukhulumisaneni neNkosi.
6. I-phenomenon ye-Tabor ukukhanya . Isigaba sokugcina sibonisa ukungena emhlanganweni.

Imibono ka-Hesychasm

Uma sichaza kafushane imibono esemqoka yalo mkhuba, khona-ke lokhu kungumthandazo ohlakaniphile ohlangene nokulawula imicabango yomuntu siqu futhi kusize ukuhlanza ingqondo nenhliziyo. Nakuba eTestamenteni Elisha kuthiwa akekho oke wabona iNkosi, imfundiso ka-hesychasm iqinisekisa ukuthi igcwele umhlaba wonke. Odokotela abaningi bathi umuntu angakwazi ukuxhumana nezindaba ezingelosi.

Hesychasm yanamuhla

Ezweni ungathola foci eziningana zesimanje ze-hesychasm nezibonelo ezilandelayo zingashiwo:

1. Isimo sokuzimela esizimele esiqongweni sase-Athos, eGrisi . Izincwadi zokuthandaza ngekhulu lama-20 zavuselela i-hesychasm futhi zanikeza umfutho omusha. ENtabeni Engcwele kunamaseli amaningana ehlane, lapho amakholi abenza imfundiso yenkolo ye-hesychasm ahlala khona.
2. Ama-Sketes, eMoldova . Ezizindlini ezisezindlini ezisezweni laleli zwe, kukhona abantu abaqhuba i-hesychasm.
3. I-Monastery kaJohane uMbhapathizi, Great Britain . I-Hesychasm isakazwa abantu abahlala eNgilandi. Umfundi okhulunywe ngumfundisi kaReverend Silouan.

Hesychasm - izincwadi

Kunemisebenzi eminingi yokubhala eyabeka imibono eyisisekelo nefilosofi ye-hesychasm. Phakathi kwezincwadi ezithandwa kakhulu yizinto ezilandelayo:

1. "Izintathu ekuvikeleni okungcwele-okuthulile" G. Palamas . Umlobi uyavikela futhi asebenzise i-hesychasm nezinye izimfundiso ezihloswe ukuhlanganisa umuntu noNkulunkulu.
2. "Ngobusuku obulodwa ehlane leNtaba eNgcwele" uHerotheotheus (Vlahos) . Kule ncwadi kuchazwa ukuthi i-hesychasm iyindlela engokomoya kanye nencazelo yomthandazo kaJesu, izigaba zokufundisa kwayo nemiphumela engenzeka zivezwe.