Uhlu lwezifo eziyingozi kakhulu lubandakanya lezo zifo ezibhekene nengozi ekhethekile yesifo, isb. bayakwazi ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu phakathi kwabantu. Zibuye zibheke njengamanje ezinamandla kakhulu, ingozi enkulu yokubulala futhi zingakha isisekelo sezikhali eziphilayo zokubhujiswa okukhulu. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezifakwe ohlwini njengengozi kakhulu, futhi nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekutheleleni.
Izifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi nezifo zabo
Emhlabeni imithi ayikho imigomo efanelwe mayelana nokuthi izifo kufanele zibhekwe njengengozi kakhulu. Izinhlu zezifo ezinjalo zihlukile ezifundeni ezihlukene, zingafakwa ngezifo ezintsha futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, zifake ezinye izifo.
Njengamanje, izifo ze-epidemiologists zasekhaya zihambisana nohlu, ezihlanganisa 5 izifo eziyingozi kakhulu:
- i-anthrax;
- ikholera ;
- isifo;
- I-Tularemia;
- yellow fever (kanye nemifudu efanayo ye-Ebola noMarburg).
I-Anthrax
Ukutheleleka kwe-Zoonotic, isb. idluliselwa kumuntu kusuka ezilwaneni. I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo yi-bacillus eyenziwe nge-spore, egcinwe enhlabathini amashumi eminyaka. Umthombo wokutheleleka yizilwane ezifuywayo ezigulayo (izinkomo ezinkulu nezincane, izingulube, njll). Ukutheleleka kungenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezilandelayo:
- iphini;
- umoya-uthuli;
- i-feedary;
- ukuhambisa.
Lesi sifo sinesikhathi esifushane sokugxilwa (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-3). Kuye isithombe somtholampilo se-anthrax, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-anthrax:
- isikhumba;
- amathumbu;
- i-pulmonary.
Ikholera
Isifo esiyingozi se-bacterial, esilungu leqembu lezifo zamathumbu. I-agent causative yalokhu ukutheleleka yi-cholera vibrio, egcinwe kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi nasemvelweni wamanzi. Imithombo yokutheleleka ngumuntu ogulayo (kufaka phakathi esiteji sokubuyiselwa) kanye nomthwali we-vibrio. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngomzila we-fecal-oral.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwesifo sifike ezinsukwini ezingu-5. Kungozi kakhulu ikholera, egeleza ngendlela efakiwe noma e-atypical.
Inhlupho
Isifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo esibhekene nokutheleleka okuphezulu ngokweqile kanye namathuba aphezulu kakhulu okufa. I-agent ye-causative yi-plaque, eyadluliselwa ngabantu abagulayo, ama-rodents kanye nezinambuzane (i-fleas, njll). I-wand ye-plague iphikisana kakhulu, iphikisana nokushisa okuphansi. Izindlela zokudlulisa zihlukile:
- i-transmissible;
- umoya wokudonsa.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo, okuyinto evame kakhulu kuwo yi-pulmonary kanye ne-bubonic. Isikhathi sokugxila singaba izinsuku ezingu-6.
I-Tularemia
Ukutheleleka ngokwemvelo, okuyingozi kakhulu, kusanda kwaziwa kubantu. I-agent causative yi-anaerobic tularemia bacillus. Amagumbi okutheleleka ngamagundane, ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo (izinhlanzi, izimvu, njll), izinyoni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abagulayo abanasifo esithathelwanayo. Kunezindlela ezilandelayo zokutheleleka:
- i-transmissible;
- ukuphefumula;
- iphini;
- feedary.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa, ngokwesilinganiso, siyizinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-7. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-tularemia:
- emathunjini;
- i-bubonic;
- okujwayelekile;
- ulcer-bubonic nabanye.
I-yellow fever
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, okufana ne-malaria. I-agent causative yi-arbovirus, idluliselwa ngokulunywa ngamangqamu. Ama- fever e- Ebola noMarburg abangwa yi-filoviruses, ethwalwe izinkawu zase-Afrika eziluhlaza nezinhlobo ezithile zamabulane. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- umoya wokudonsa;
- pin.
Ukuvimbela izifo eziyingozi kakhulu
Okubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela isifo sofuba lwezifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi yi-prophylaxis yomuntu siqu, ehlinzeka:
- ukusetshenziswa kuqinisekiswe ngamanzi aphephile neziphuzo;
- ukugeza ngokuphelele izithelo nemifino;
- ukuthatha ukudla okusetshenziselwa ukushisa kuphela;
- ukugeza ezindaweni ezikhethiwe;
- ukugcinwa kwemithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, njll.
Ukugonywa kufanele futhi kwenziwe uma kunokwenzeka.