Kunezifo ezithinta kakhulu abantu eminyakeni engamakhulu eminyaka edlule, futhi ngeshwa, azikaze zilahlekelwe amandla abo. Omunye wabo angabalwa ngekhamera, eyaboniswa nguHippocrates. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwaziwa okuncane ngekhamera, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kuphela kwaqala ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, okwakubandakanya i-cholera.
Isifo sekholera sibangelwa yi-bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Libhekisela ezifweni ezinamazinyo ezikhukhumayo, ezidluliselwa yi-mechanical-mechanical mechanism, futhi zithinta intombazane encane.
Kuze kube yikhulu leminyaka lama-20 lihlala linye yezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezibangelwa ubhubhane futhi zithathe izinkulungwane zabantu. Namuhla, akubangeli ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kangaka, ngoba isintu sifunde ukumelana nokuvimbela ukholera, noma kunjalo emazweni ampofu ikakhulukazi ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo, ukwakhiwa kwekholera.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukwelashwa?
Namuhla kunzima ukuhlola isithombe sangempela se-cholera ukuqubuka, ngoba amazwe asathuthuka akafuni ukubika lokhu ngenxa yokwesaba kokunciphisa ukugeleza kwezivakashi.
I-cholera iba yande ngenxa yezindlela ezisakazeka kuzo. Zonke zazo zingachazwa njenge-fecal-oral. Umthombo wesifo njalo umuntu ogule noma ophilile, kodwa uyithwala we-bacterium-pathogen.
Ngendlela, i-Vibrio cholerae inezinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ze-serogroups. Ikholera idluliselwa ngosizo lwamazinyo nokuhlanza okhiqizwa umuntu ophetheyo (umuntu ogulayo) noma umuntu ophethe i-vibrio-carrier (umuntu onempilo one-bacterial cholera emzimbeni).
Ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka okuvame kakhulu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:
- ukuphuza amanzi angcolile;
- ukungena emlonyeni wamanzi lapho ebhukuda emzimbeni wamanzi angcolile;
- ukugeza izitsha ngamanzi angcolile;
- bedla ukudla okuqukethe amabhaktheriya okuthiwa yi-cholera (ikakhulukazi okungaziboleki ekuphekeni okushisayo - izilwane zasolwandle nge-Japanese cuisine, isibonelo);
- izindlela ezisemqoka zokudlulisa ukwelashwa - ngezandla ezingcolile (indlela yasendlini yokutheleleka);
- Izimpukane nazo zingabathwali bekholera.
Izimpawu zekholera
Isikhathi sokufakelwa kwekholera singakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngokuvamile akudluli amahora angu-48.
Inkambo yesifo ingabonakaliswa yizimpawu ezikhishiwe, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukubonakaliswa kwayo okugcwele, ngisho nezimo ezinzima, okuphela emphumela obulalayo.
Kubantu abaningi, ikholera ingabonakaliswa ngokuhuda, futhi kuphela iziguli ezingu-20%, ngokusho kwe-WHO, i-cholera igcwele, enezimpawu ezijwayelekile.
Kunezigaba ezintathu zobunzima:
- Eyokuqala, ngezinga eliphansi, isiguli siqala ukuhuda nokuhlanza. Zingahle ziphindwe, kodwa kanengi ziyenzeka kanye kuphela. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla komzimba, futhi ngezinga eliphansi lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi akudluli u-3% wesisindo somzimba. Lokhu kufana nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi we-degree elingu-1. Ngezimpawu ezinjalo, iziguli ngokuvamile azibonisi nodokotela, futhi zitholakala ku-foci. Lesi sifo simi phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Esikhathini sesibili, i-degree ephakathi, lesi sifo siqala kahle futhi sihambisana nesitoreji esivamile, esingasifinyelela izikhathi ezingu-20 ngosuku. Ubuhlungu besisu abukho, kodwa ekugcineni lesi sibonakaliso sihlotshaniswa nokuhlanza ngaphandle kokucabangela kwangaphambili. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukulahlekelwa ukwanda kwamanzi, futhi kungu-6% wesisindo somzimba, okuhambisana ne-2 degree of dehydration. Isiguli sihlushwa yizikhukhula, umlomo owomile kanye nezwi elihlabayo. Lesi sifo sihambisana ne- tachycardia .
- Eyesithathu, izinga elibi, isitokisi iba ningi kakhulu, ukuhlanza kuvela kaningi. Ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kungu-9% wesisindo somzimba, futhi lokhu kufana nesilinganiso se-3 sokuphela kwamanzi. Lapha, ngaphezu kwezibonakaliso ezingaphezu kwezimpawu ezivela ku-1 no-2, i-eye sagging, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi , imibimbi esikhumbeni, i-asphyxia nokudonsa okushisa kungenzeka.
Ukuxilongwa kwekholera
Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe ngesisekelo sezifundo zemitholampilo ye-stool nokuhlanza, uma izimpawu zingekho kakhulu. Ngokuqineka okukhulu, ukwelashwa akulula ukuyihlolisisa futhi ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwe-bacteriological.
Ukuvimbela ukwelashwa
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukugcina ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, nokukhathalela lapho udla ukudla. Akudingekile ukuba udle ukudla okungalungile (hhayi okuphekwe, okuphekwe, njll), kanye nokuphuza iziphuzo ezingazange zidlule ukulawula (njengomthetho, ziyizitolo zokubhoboza lapho kuhlungwa khona izitsha namanzi amanzi).
Ezimweni ze-epidemiological, ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali kutholakala, lapho imithombo yokutheleleka ihlukaniswe khona, futhi izindawo zokuhlala kwazo zingasetshenziswa nge-disinfected.