Izifo zegciwane le-thyroid zitholakala kwabesifazane cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunamadoda. Futhi iqembu lezinhlekelele libandakanya abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-30-50.
Izimbangela zezifo ze-Thyroid
Ukwehluleka kwesikhumba se-secretory kubangela izici eziningi. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesifo se-thyroid kukhona:
- indawo yokuhlala (ngokuvamile ukukhubazeka kwenzeka ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye nasezindaweni ezithile zase-Asia Ephakathi, futhi akuvamile kubantu abahlala ezindaweni zasolwandle);
- isimo semvelo;
- ukudla komuntu;
- izifo zesigcawu sesisu;
- ukutheleleka;
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukukhubazeka kwezinye izitho ze-endocrine;
- ukulimala kwesifunda somlomo wesibeletho;
- ukufeza;
- ukukhulelwa.
Izimpawu zesifo se-thyroid
Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid zithinta uhlobo lwesifo, nakuba zinezinto ezifanayo. Ngokuvamile kunezifo ezinjalo zegciwane njenge:
- i-hyperthyroidism;
- i-hypothyroidism;
- i-nodular goiter;
- autoimmune thyroiditis;
- i-cyst;
- umdlavuza.
Ake sicabangele izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zezifo zalesi sigqoko sokufihla kwangaphakathi.
Hyperthyroidism
I-Hyperthyroidism i-overproduction ye-hormone yegciwane. Kusukela ekuqotheni kwabo "uketshezi" wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwandiswa kwezinqubo zokuqubuzana kwezidakamizwa zenzeka. Kulokhu, isiguli siyaphawula:
- ukucasula;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ukwanda kwenhliziyo, ukwephuza umoya;
- ukuthuthumela kwemikhawulo.
Umphumela wokwephulwa komzimba wamagciwane e-carbohydrate ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.
I-Hypothyroidism
I-Hypothyroidism - ukwehla komsebenzi wegciwane le-thyroid ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodini emzimbeni kanye nokukhubazeka ekuthuthukisweni. Ukuze i-hypothyroidism isici:
- ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukulahlekelwa amandla ;
- ukushayela okungajwayelekile, ukucindezeleka okuphansi (ngezinye izikhathi eziphakeme);
- ukwehla kwamakhono okuqonda, inkumbulo;
- ukuphuza nokuma ngokweqile kwesikhumba;
- ama-eyedrops;
- ukuvuvukala;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukuqotshwa;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinwele;
- ukulahleka kokuzwa;
- ukuzwakalisa izwi;
- ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokungabi nabantwana kwabesifazane, ukungabi namandla kwamadoda.
I-Autoimmune thyroiditis
Ukuzibulala ngokuzenzakalelayo isifo se-thyroid kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwama-leukocytes ngaphakathi kwendlala. Amaseli asemzimbeni wayo eyimfihlo abonakala emzimbeni njengowezizwe futhi abulawe. Ngenxa yalokho, kancane kancane igciwane le-thyroid libhujiswa. Izimpawu zihlobene nokuvuvukala kwengubo. Lezi yizi:
- izinzwa ezibuhlungu endaweni yenzamo;
- ubunzima bokugwinya;
- ukwephula ukuphefumula.
Izimpawu ezifanayo zikhona emdlalweni wegciwane.
I-Goiter
Ukwandiswa kwezifo ze-gland kungakhula kokubili ku-hyperthyroidism naku-hypothyroidism. I-goiter ye-nodular imfundo ehluke ekuhlelweni nasekuhleleni kusuka kumzimba wesitho. Ngakho wabela:
- goiter colloid;
- i-adenoma (i-tumor tumor);
- isisu esibi.
Ngalesi sifo, ukukhishwa kwendlala kwintanyeni ekuhloleni kwendlala. I-Zob usayizi obalulekile uyayifaka izitho eziseduze, lapho kutholakala khona izimpawu ezingahlotshaniswa ne-gland yegciwane. Izifo ze-ecological zihambisana nokubuhlungu
Ukuthola izifo ze-thyroid
Indlela eyisisekelo yokuhlonza i-pathologies ye-thyroid ukuhlaziywa kwegazi ukugcinwa kwe-TPG (i-hormone ye-thyreotropic), ama-hormone T3 no-T4.
Njengoba izindlela ezengeziwe zokucwaninga zingahileleka:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele;
- ukuguqulwa kwamanzi;
- ukuhlola igazi kwegazi ;
- I-Ultrasound ye-gland yegciwane;
- I-ray ye-gland;
- umbhalo we-tomography noma i-imagination magnetic resonance yelungu;
- i-biopsy ye-gland;
- ucwaningo lwe-radioimmological kanye nezinye izindlela eziningi.