Umdlavuza we-Lung yisifo esibi esivela e-lung epithelium ethintekile. Isayensi yanamuhla yenza konke okusemandleni ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu, noma kunjalo, izinga lokufa lesi sifo namuhla ngu-85%.
Isizathu esiyinhloko somdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngakwesokudla, kuthathwa njengokubhema. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekubhemeni kogwayi kugxile kakhulu emithini yezinto eziphilayo eziphazamisa izinqubo zamakhemikhali emzimbeni womuntu futhi ziholele ekubukeni kwesisu. Kukhona esinye isizathu salesi sifo - umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlobo lomphumela wokuphila komuntu, ukudla kwakhe, imikhuba kanye nezinto eziningi ezizungezile. Unyaka ngamunye ezweni lethu ezingaphezu kuka-65 000 amacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu abhalisiwe. Ukufa kulesi sifo kubandakanya ama-15% azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Futhi, izibalo ziphawula ukuthi amadoda angaphezu komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabesifazane.
Izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
Izigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zingenzeka ngaphandle kwempawu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, izimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngokuthi indawo yomsuka wesisu - ku-bronchus (umdlavuza wamaphaphu oyinhloko) noma emathisheni amaphaphu (umgogodla womdlavuza wempuphu).
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zomdlavuza wamaphaphu emaphakathi yizi:
- ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni ngesikhathi sokuphefumulelwa;
- ukuzwakalisa;
- ukuphefumula;
- isifo samaphaphu avamile - i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia.
Ngomdlavuza we-pulp peripheral, izimpawu azikho isikhathi eside. Ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo lwesifo ezinyangeni zokuqala luyatholakala ngesikhathi se-X-ray ehleliwe. Izimpawu eziphawulekayo ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu - ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, umkhuhlane, kubonakala kuphela ukwanda kwesikhumba ngesayizi.
Emdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-metastase (i-secondary foci yenqubo ye-pathological) ivele ngokushesha. Ngokubukeka kwazo, kunezibonakaliso ezengeziwe zomdlavuza wamaphaphu - ubunzima ngokugwinya nokukhuluma, ubuhlungu ezithombeni zesifuba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-tumor iqala ukubeka ingcindezi ezithombeni eziseduze. Ukubukeka kwe-metastases kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba, isikhumba esiphuzi, isizungu, ubuthakathaka. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla, kufanele ushayele ngokushesha udokotela wakho.
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu
Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwesifo kulezi zinyathelo zakuqala kunzima, ngoba lokho okutholakele akubonakali ngokugcwele isithombe sesifo. Esikhathini sokuqala, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame ukuphutha ngenxa ye-pneumonia.
Indlela eyinhloko yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu yi-X-ray. Ngaphandle kwe-X-rays, ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa zanamuhla kuyaphazamisa umdlavuza ngomuthi we-computed tomography, i-imagination magnetic resonance kanye ne-postitron emission tomography.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezisizayo zokuthola isifo - i-bronchoscopy, i-morphological examination, i-mediastinoscopy.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi sifo ngokusho kokuhlukana kwezifundo ze-hertological of tumors: umdlavuza we-cell wamaphaphu, i-cell encane, enkulu-cell kanye nomdlavuza weglandular. I-squamous cell carcinoma ibonakala ngokukhula kancane kwe-tumor nokuntula isikhathi eside kwe-metastases. Umdlavuza we-glandular nawo ukhula kancane kancane, kodwa ubonakala ngokusheshisa ngokushesha ngegazi lomuntu. Umdlavuza omkhulu wamaseli omzimba namancane amancane, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ngokushesha kakhulu. Lezi zindlela ezimbili zesifo zikhona ekubukeni kokuqala kwezidakamizwa.
Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
Ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu:
- isigaba "0" sibonakala ngokuqoqwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba;
- 1 isigaba. Kukhona isisu sendawo kuze kube ngu-3 cm ngesayizi;
- 2 isigaba. Isisu asikwazi ukwanda, kodwa ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node kwenzeka;
- 3 isigaba. Ukunyakaza kuyanda, izitshalo zenzeke ezitho ezingomakhelwane.
- ezingeni ezine zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, lesi sifo singaba nanoma yisiphi isayizi ngokutholakala kwemetastasis.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu:
- Ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wenza ukusebenza komdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhungweni esithintekile, lapho kuzokwenziwa khona wonke amangqamuzana omzimba. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwalendlela kubangelwa ukuthi uma umsebenzi ungasusanga okungenani i-1% yamaseli omdlavuza, lesi sifo sizoqhubeka. Indlela yokuhlinzwa iphumelela kakhulu ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo, nge-4th degree yemdlavuza wamaphaphu le ndlela ayinikezi isiqinisekiso esiphakeme somphumela omuhle.
- Ukwelashwa kwamafutha. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwenziwa ngosizo lwemisebe ye-ionizing.
Ukuphumelela kwalendlela kuphakeme kakhulu, nakuba kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu. - I-Chemotherapy. Ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulungiselelwa amalungiselelo akhethekile emzimbeni wesiguli, ovimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, angalimazi impilo.
- Kukhona nezindlela zokwelashwa kwabantu ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo besebenzisa ama-infusions wezolimo ezahlukene kanye nobisi. Ukupheka okuningiliziwe kokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kungatholakala emaforamu azinikezele kule sihloko.
I-Cancer yisifo lapho nsuku zonke kubalwa khona. Uma kukhona ngisho nesibonakaliso esincane sesifo, udinga ukuvakashela udokotela ngaphandle kokulibala.