Izithelo zika feijoa zaziwa kabanzi maduzane. Watholakala emahlathini eNingizimu Melika yi-botanist waseJalimane uFriedrich Sello phakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngokokuqala ngqa eYurophu, lesi sitshalo salethwa ngo-1890, kuqala emasimini ase-Yalta naseShumimi, kamuva - eCalifornia nase-Italy. Ukusuka e-Italy feijoa kwasakazeka kulo lonke elaseMedithera futhi liqhubeka nakwe-Southeast Asia. Namuhla lesi sitshalo sikhuliswa eCrimea, eLatin America, e-Australia, eTurkmenistan, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Italy naseNew Zealand.
Feijoa - incazelo
Lesi sitshalo singomndeni wakwaMyrtov. Azikho izinhlobo eziningi ezikuyo, futhi phakathi kwazo kuphela okukhule kakhulu kuphela i-feijoa. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi feijoa ubukeka kanjani, bejwayele kuphela izithelo zayo. Lesi sitshalo ngokwawo siyisihlahla esinjengesihlahla esivamile. Ingakhula ibe ngamamitha angu-4 ukuphakama. Isistimu yezimpande ezinamandla kakhulu itholakala engxenyeni engenhla yenhlabathi. UFejojoa isitshalo esinomswakama. Amaqabunga ayo anzima, ama-pubescent, anamathele emagatsheni ane-petioles emfushane. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu nesiliva phansi. I-trunk igcwele amagxolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngokuqondile isithelo se-feijoa iyinhlangano enobumnandi, elula, enamanzi, enamanzi enomdla othanda i-kiwi, i-ananasini ne-sitrobheli ngasikhathi sinye. Le nhlanganisela yokuthandayo ingawunqoba kusukela ekulumeni kokuqala. Ukuma kwe-fetus kungabuka kusuka ohlangothini kuya oval. Ubukhulu bayo buncane - kuphela u-2-5 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-60 g. Enyameni yesithelo kukhona imbewu, futhi ngaphandle kwayo ivikelwe isikhumba esikhukhulayo kusuka ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ku-green hue.
I-feijoa ikhula kanjani?
UFejojoa ukhula kunoma yikuphi okufudumele. Izwe lakubo yi-subtropics, kulesimo sezulu sizizwa kahle kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nezindawo ezishisayo, lesi sitshalo sibekezelela le ndawo ngokungafanele. Abaningi, abahlaba umxhwele izinzuzo zamajikijolo kanye nombono wokuhlobisa ohlahleni, bazama ukukhulisa i-feijoa ekhaya. Kumele ngithi, ngolwazi oluthile mayelana nokunakekelwa kanye nesimo sezulu esifanele (noma indalo yayo yokufakelwa), ezimweni eziningi liphumelela kakhulu.
Izimbali ze-feijoa
Ihluma i-feijoa shrub ngoMeyi-Juni ngezimbali ezine ezinezinhlobonhlobo, zombili ezizimele kanye ne-inflorescences. Ama-Inflorescences abesilisa nabesifazane, phakathi kwabo kukhona isethi yamagundane (izinhlamvu ezingu-50-80). Ukutshala impova kungenxa yezinambuzane. Umuthi we-feijoa ngesikhathi sokubhakabheka kubonakala kunhle kakhulu. Ukufiphala kwemisa kuthatha amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho amacembe nama-ovari amaningi awela. Kulo lonke ubuningi bezimbali, i-ovary ewusizo ihlala ku-17-18% kuphela.
Iyini i-feijoa evuthiwe?
Ethakazelisayo futhi ecebile i-iodine ne-vitamin C, izithelo ze-feijoa zivuthwa kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziwela emagatsheni, futhi ziqoqwe emhlabathini. Ukudayiswa, isivuno samajikijolo senziwa kancane kancane. Ngenkathi ubhiya engavuthi, kuvuna kusuka emagatsheni. Ngakho kungcono ukubekezelela ukuhamba. Ukukhula komkhiqizo wokuqala we-feijoa ezimweni ekamelweni kuzokwenzeka eminyakeni engu-6 ngemuva kokutshala imbewu. Uma utshale ama-cuttings noma izimpande, izivuno zokuqala zizokujabulisa emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Izinhlobo ze-feijoa
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhula feijoa njengesitshalo sasekhaya, ake sifunde ngezinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko:
- André. Ezihlukahlukene ze-feijoa, ezivela eBrazil. Izithelo zawo zilingana, ziyi-oblong noma ziyindilinga, ubuso bawo bunzima, buhlaza obumbala. Inyama isinyene, imbewu iyingcosana. Ukunambitheka kucebile kakhulu futhi kugcwele. Lesi sitshalo siyakhulela, njalo siveza izithelo eziningi.
- "Besson." Izwe langokwezilwane lalezi ezihlukahlukene yi-Uruguay. Izithelo ziyingcosana noma eziphakathi, zinezimo ezinamafutha, zine-burgundy blush. Isikhumba sesithelo sincane, inyama ayinyene kakhulu, ifakwe kahle, i-juicy, iphunga elimnandi, inembewu eminingi.
- Coolidge. Kukhule kakhulu eCalifornia. Izithelo ziyi-oblong noma i-pear-size, yobukhulu obuphakathi. Isikhumba senziwe kancane. Iphunga lezithelo lingakapheli. Lesi sitshalo sithandeka kakhulu, siqinile futhi siqonde.
- "Superba". Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-feijoa zizungezile noma zine-oval shape, ubuhle obuphakathi, ukunambitheka okuhle. Akungaphansi kwezingu-33% ezizimele. Isihlahla sishaya, sisebenza ngamandla.
- Choiceana. Izithelo ziyindilinga noma i-oval encane, ebushelelezi, esayiziphakathi, enomnandi ukunambitha. Isihlahla singamandla amakhulu, lesi sitshalo singama-42%.
Indlela yokukhulisa u-feijoa ekhaya?
Njengoba izithelo ze-feijoa zivela eBrazil, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulima kwazo - ukushisa nomswakama. Lesi sitshalo asigcini kuphela ngezithelo, kodwa futhi njengesitshalo sehlobiso - izimbali zalo zihle kakhulu, izimbali zalo ziyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-stamens ezibomvu ngemuva kwezingqimba ezimhlophe zeqhwa kanye ne-burgundy stipules. Uma ukwazi ukuhlinzekela izimo ezisezindaweni eziphansi ze-feijoa, ukukhula kuyoba yinto yokuzilibazisa yangempela.
I-Feijoa isitshalo - inhlabathi
Inhlabathi evumelekile yalesi sitshalo ingumxube we-peat , ishlabathi, i-humus, i-turf kanye nezwe eliqhamukayo ngokulinganisela okulinganako. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo asikwenzanga ikakhulukazi inhlabathi, ngakho-ke i-substrate evamile yezimbali izokwenza. Iminyaka yokuqala engu-2-3 ibalulekile ngemuva kokutshala. Indlela yokukhulisa i-feijoa kule nkathi: udinga ukuyifakelwa njalo ngonyaka ibe yi-substrate entsha yesondlo. Izitshalo ezindala kufanele zigcinwe yizimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, futhi inhlabathi entsha kufanele igcwalise isikhala kuze kube sezindongeni zebhodini.
Indlela yokutshala i-feijoa?
Njengezitshalo eziningi, i-feijoa ingahlwanyelwa imbewu. Indlela yokukhulisa i-feijoa embewu:
- Imbewu kufanele ibe yintsha, kungabi nhlobo ngonyaka odlule. Kungcono ukuziqoqa wena, ungathembeki kusitolo. Kudingeka bathathe isithelo esingenalutho.
- Imbewu ihlanjululwa futhi yomiswe izinsuku ezingu-6.
- Izitshalo ezibekwa emhlabathini zifafazwe ngqimba lomhlaba we-5 mm.
- Ukunisela kumele kuqikelele kakhulu ukuba ungahlanza imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungayifaka isitsha ngesisindo.
- Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngenyanga emva kokutshala ubusika kanye namasonto amabili kamuva uma etshalwe ehlobo.
Feijoa embizeni
Ukunisela kanye nomswakama ofanele wenhlabathi nomoya yizingxenye ezibalulekile ukunakekelwa kwe-feijoa ekhaya. Lesi sitshalo sihlambalaza, ngezinsuku ezishisayo ngaphandle kokuchelela, kudinga ukupomfa njalo. Geza umhlabathi njengoba usomile, ususe amanzi epanini ngemuva kokunisela. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo siwusizo ukuphala ngamanzi afudumele, ukuchelela ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kufanele kube nokulinganisela okungaphezulu.
Indlela yokudla feijoa?
Esinye isimo sokwakhiwa kwamagumbi feijoa - ukwenza umquba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza lokhu esikhathini sokubhakabhaka nesithelo. Phakathi nonyaka wonke, izithelo ezivela emahlathini ase-feijoa ziyondliwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-15, zihamba ne-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-potassium. Ngenxa yalokhu, umquba wamahhashi uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:10, futhi i- superphosphate ne-ash ash iyasetshenziswa. Ngaphambi kokudla ngamunye, lesi sitshalo sinisela ngamanzi ajwayelekile.
Indlela yokunakekela feijoa?
Ukuze isitshalo se-feijoa, ukunakekelwa kubalulekile futhi ekukhanyeni nasekuboneni ukushisa kombuso othile. Ehlobo, ungagcina ibhubhu elinembali ebhodini, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa khona ku-30 ° C. Kungcono ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga. Ebusika kukhona ukwehla kwemvelo ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo, ngakho udinga ukuphumula. Ukushisa kufanele kuncishiswe ku-14 ° C.
Uma ufisa, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ukusika izihlahla. Ngalokhu, ngonyaka wokuqala, zonke iziqu eziyinhloko ziyanqunywa ngo-30-45 cm ukusuka esisekelo. Lokhu kudala isifuba futhi kuqede ukukhula okungadingekile engxenyeni engezansi yamahlathi. Eminyakeni engu-2-3 emuva kwe-incremental ukwakha ngaphezu kwe-stem. Zinqunywe ebangeni lika-30-40 cm komunye nomunye ngendlela yokuvunguza. Ama-angles okuhlukaniswa kwawo esihlahleni kufanele abe ngama-45-60 °, phakathi kwamagatsha - 90-120 °. Eminyakeni elandelayo, ukusika izihlahla kanye nokukhishwa kwamahlumela abomile nabuthakathaka kwenziwa.
Feijoa - ukukhiqiza
Sakaza isithelo okuthiwa i-feijoa ikakhulukazi i-cuttings noma amahlumela empande. Uma uthathwa, udinga ukuthola umama feijoa noma uthathe ucezu olukhulu lomqhele, ususe wonke amaqabunga kuwo, ushiye kuphela umbhangqwana ophezulu futhi ufake isisombululo se-heteroauxin amahora angu-16. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungayifaka enhlanganisela yama-humus nesihlabathi ekujuleni okukhulu, eshiya ingxenye yesithathu ye-cuttings ebusweni.
Ukwanda kwe-feijoa ekhaya kusuka empandeni nakho kulula. Le ndlela isetshenziswe okungenani kaningi njengokunciphisa. Thola amahlumela kalula - i-feijoa ibhekisela ezitshalweni ezikhula ngokushesha ezinikeza amahlumela amaningi, okumele kususwe unomphela. Ingxenye yayo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo somuntu omdala, udinga ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela izinqubo.