Ngokuvamile isifiso sokuthola ukuvumelana siba izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo. Okumangalisa ukuthi ngokuvamile bazama ukunciphisa isisindo ngangokunokwenzeka, labo abayidingi lokhu ikakhulukazi: izisulu zomqondo wazo mayelana nenani elihle ngamantombazane nabesifazane abanesisindo esivamile, okuholela esibhedlela esibizwa ngokuthi "i-anorexia."
Kuyini i-anorexia?
Ukukhathazeka, ukufinyelela isifiso somuntu sokulahlekelwa isisindo kuholela ekutheni owesifazane uphazamisa isifiso, kancane kancane kunciphisa inani lokudla, bese ulishiya ngokuphelele, futhi isidingo sokwamukelwa kwawo kubangela ukungcoliswa, ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlanza. Ngisho nengxenye encane yokudla ibonakala njengokudla ngokweqile. Konke lokhu kuyisifo se-anorexia, okudala zonke izixuku eziphathelene nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezinhlelo zomzimba nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
U-anorexia uqala kanjani?
Njengomthetho, azikho izizathu ezisobala zokulahlekelwa isisindo kubamele besifazane, abese behlushwa yilolu sifo. Abaningi babo bangamantombazane abasha kanye nabesifazane abasha abathwali amakhilogremu amaningi, kodwa bayaqiniseka ukuthi badinga ukuncipha. Ngokuvamile izihlobo, abangane, abathandekayo bakhuluma ngakho. Inkulumo eyinhloko engxoxweni nabo: "Nginamafutha."
Kancane kancane, isifiso sokulahlekelwa isisindo siba ngumuntu, futhi lokhu kukhululeka kuyashintsha ingqondo, ngisho nalapho iziguli ezine-anorexia zizibukela esibukweni: lapho ziyeka ukubona umzimba oqhekekile, ngokuvamile omelela isifuba, esembozwe isikhumba, izitho zomzimba, ubuso bomuntu olambile. Lesi sifo siqala ukuqhubeka futhi sishintshe kusukela esiteji kuya esiteji, sikhulisa isimo sesifo.
Izigaba ze-anorexia
I-Anorexia ingukugula kwengqondo okungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwempilo kuphela, kodwa nokufa. Lesi sifo singaba nenkambo evulekile: ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kwenzeka kancane kancane, futhi isifo, uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwa ekwelapheni, kancane kancane "ziyaqhubeka" ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi udinga ukuqhubeka nokulahlekelwa isisindo.
- Esigabeni sokuqala, umuntu uqala ukucabanga ukuthi ugcwele ngokweqile, ngenxa yokuthi waba yinto yokuhlekwa usulu nokuhlazeka, okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Uhlale ekhathazekile ngendaba yokulahleka kwesisindo, ngakho kunzima futhi imiphumela yakhe ithatha kakhulu kunazo zonke - lezi yizibonakaliso zokuqala ezibonisa ukuthi i-anorexia iqala ukuthuthukisa. Isigaba 1 sesifo siyaphathwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa.
- Uma kufika isigaba sesibili, i-anorexia ibonakala ngesimo sengqondo esinqunyiwe sesiguli sokwehla kwesisindo: ukucindezeleka kuyahamba, kodwa kukhona ukuqiniseka okuqinile ukuthi isiguli ngempela sinesisindo esingaphezu kwesisindo, okudingekile ukuba silahlekelwe. Ukucubungula kuba inqubo yansuku zonke, isilayidi yokulahlekelwa isisindo siwela phansi.
- Uma isiguli singasadingi ukudla, sinqabe ngokudla ukudla, siqala ukuphikisana nayo, singathi isigaba sesithathu sesifikile: i-anorexia ibangela ukulahlekelwa isisindo kuze kube ngu-50%. Kodwa lokhu akuvimbeli iziguli: baqhubeka bephikelela ukuthi isisindo sabo sihlala sikhulu ngokwanele. Ukukhuluma ngokudla manje kubangele ukucasula, futhi bona ngokwayo bathi bazizwa behle.
I-Anorexia - izimbangela ze
Izimbangela ze-anorexia azizincane kakhulu, njengoba zingase zibonwe ekuqaleni, ngoba umlando wesifo uhlukile kubo bonke. Yingakho ochwepheshe abahlukene bechaza izizathu zalokho okwenzekayo ngendlela yabo. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi iphutha elenzeke ohlelweni lokugaya umzimba liwukusola konke, ngokusho kwabanye, lesi sifo sibonakala ngokungahambisani nokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka . Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolisisa kahle isimo sesifo kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa izimbangela ezilandelayo ze-anorexia:
- isifiso sokulingisa "imibukiso ye-podium", ebabheka njengesibonelo sobuhle;
- ukungabi khona kwesimo esibalulekile esiqinile, ukwakheka ngokwanele komuntu;
- ukucindezeleka okuvamile nezimo ezicindezelayo, ukuphikisana nezihlobo nabangane, hhayi ukudlulisa umuzwa wokukhathazeka;
- izifo ezingapheli zesigubhu sezinsi;
- ukusabela ukuthatha imithi;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile nokudakwa kwezidakamizwa.
Izimpawu ze-anorexia
Ukuthi lesi sifo siqala umphumela wokulimaza kungase kubonise izimpawu zokuqala ze-anorexia:
- ukukhuluma njalo ngesidingo sokulahlekelwa isisindo;
- ukwenqaba imikhiqizo ephezulu khalori;
- abanye banesiteleka selambile;
- izimo ezicindezelayo eziphindaphindiwe.
Uma kulesi sigaba, usizo, kufaka phakathi kwengqondo, alutholakali, ngokushesha izibonakaliso zesigaba sesibili sesifo zivela:
- iqoqo lokudla ekudleni liyancipha kakhulu, kodwa inani lamanzi liyadakwa landa;
- kusuka ekudleni okudliwayo ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ngokuphoqeleka, kubangela ukuhlanza;
- Ukusheshisa ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kuvame ukusetshenziswa inemas;
- basebenzise izidakamizwa ze-diuretic kanye ne-laxative.
Esigabeni sesithathu, izinguquko zenzeka ezitholakala emehlweni asunu:
- isikhumba siba mncane, sishaye futhi siphume;
- Izicubu ze-muscular zincipha, futhi uhlaka lwamanqina luphela ngokuphelele;
- Amangqamuzana ama-skeleton abonakala ngesikhumba esincane;
- phanga amazinyo akho;
- izinwele nezipikili ziba buthakathaka futhi zibuhlungu.
Kukhona ukwephulwa komsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi: kukhona ukwehla komfutho wegazi nokushisa komzimba, ukushaywa komzimba kungaphansi kokujwayelekile. Mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gastritis ne-flaccidity yamathumbu, kukhona ukuwohloka kwesisu senhliziyo. Kunobuthakathaka obuningi nokukhathala, ukungabaza ukufunda noma ukusebenza.
Izimpawu ze-anorexia kumantombazane
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, emantombazaneni, lesi sifo singaziveza ngaphambi kokuba izibonakaliso zemitholampilo zivele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvamile abakwazanga ukunakekelwa, ukubhala ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene zempilo engafanele: ukukhathala ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukungqubuzana komndeni, izinkinga emsebenzini, ukungaqapheli ukuthi kubonisa izimpawu zayo ze-anorexia futhi kubonakala kanje:
- isimo sengqondo siyashintsha;
- ukubonakaliswa kokuhlukunyezwa okungaxhunyiwe;
- amandla okuvusa izingxabano;
- ukucasuka nabantu abadala abakhuluphele kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-anorexia
Uma i-psychology ye-anorexia yaziwa, khona-ke kunezindlela ezingenzeka zokunqoba ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sinemibandela ehlukahlukene yesenzakalo, izinhlobo eziningana zazo ziyaziwa:
- engqondweni, ebonakala ephazamiseka kakhulu ngokweqile nangokwengqondo, okwenza ukuba umuntu angadli ukudla futhi ngenxa yokuthatha izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic noma utshwala;
- isibonakaliso, okuwuphawu lokulimala okukhulu kwe-somatic kwesinye noma izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba;
- ukwethuka, noma kwengqondo, kubangele, njengengqondo, ngokucindezeleka, futhi kuboniswe ukwenqaba kokudla nokungazitholi nomzimba wakho;
- izidakamizwa, okuwumphumela wokudlula ukudliwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene.
I-Anorexia eyinhloko
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imithombo ye-anorexia ifihliwe ebuntwaneni futhi ivame ukuhambisana nokuphulwa kokudla kwengane. Uma ethatha ukudla ngezikhathi ezihlukene, wayedla ngokweqile noma esebenzisa ukudla okungenakusiza noma ukudla okungenakulungiswa, okuphoqelelwe ukuba adle ngokweqile, ebuntwaneni izisekelo zesifo zafakwa. Isigaba esiyinhloko sibeka izisekelo zesifo, esizozizwa ngabantu abadala abane-anorexia.
Anorexia nervosa
Uma izimpawu eziyinhloko zingabonakala njengebell yokuqala mayelana nokuqala kwesifo, khona-ke isifiso esingenampilo sokunciphisa isisindo kunoma yiliphi izindleko sesivele sibhekwa njengokuqala kwesifo sengqondo. Loluhlobo lwe-anorexia luyingozi kakhulu ekukhuleni, kepha uma kuthathwa isenzo esifanele ukulungisa ukuziphatha, ukutholakala kungenzeka. Kuyinto i-anorexia ephazamisayo, izimpawu zazo eziqinisekisa ukungathí sina kwenkinga:
- isifiso sokuqeda ukudla okudliwayo ngokuhlanza nokuhlanza amathumbu;
- umsebenzi okhulayo womzimba, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo;
- ukwamukelwa kwezidakamizwa ezivuthayo nezidakayo.
Anorexia Psychogenic
Lesi sifo sifana ne-anorexia nervosa, kodwa kubangelwa ukuthi, njengomthetho, nganoma yisiphi isifo esibucayi esingokomqondo futhi sihambisana neuroses, hysteria kanye nokuphazanyiswa ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zomzimba ngamunye kanye nokutholakala kwezifo ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa. I-anorexia yengqondo iphakama njengempendulo engozini enkulu yengqondo, okubangelwa hhayi ekulaleni kokudla kuphela, kodwa futhi ekubukeni okungavamile kwesimo sengqondo.
I-anorexia yokwelapha
I-Anorexia ekuphuzeni imithi ingenzeka uma uthola imithi ethile engahlotshaniswa nezinkomba zabo ngokulahlekelwa isisindo, noma isithathwe ngokuqondile ukuze ulahlekelwe isisindo. Ukuze kungabhubhisi lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukwazi izidakamizwa ezenza i-anorexia. Phakathi kwabo: izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka, izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic kanye nezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa umqondo wokuzidla nokudla okuncane.
Anorexia - ukwelashwa nemiphumela
Akulula ukuphatha i-anorexia, ngoba isekelwe ezinkingeni eziningi ezingokwengqondo. Inselele enkulu ngeke ibe yindlela yokwelashwa, kepha ithuba lokuqinisekisa isiguli ukuthi kuyadingeka, futhi lokhu kuyinto yokuqeda amandla. Uma kuxazululwe, ngakho ngosizo lwezengqondo, izifo zengqondo, izondlo kanye nabahlengikazi, lesi sifo singanqotshwa, kodwa le nqubo izoba isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
Esikhathini ngasinye, kuzoba khona izindlela zokuphatha i-anorexia. Imiphumela ye-anorexia ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, lesi sifo sibulala kancane kancane ingqondo, kodwa futhi emzimbeni: izinhlelo zokuzivikela zomzimba zibhujiswa, amandla abo okusebenza aphela kancane kancane, i-psyche iyadlula ibe yindawo yokunyamalala futhi ukufa kwesiguli kuba umphumela wemvelo.