Ukusetshenziswa emphakathini kungenye yezidingo ezingokwengqondo zomuntu. Ubuntu, obuvela emphakathini, bubizwa ngokuthi yi-marginal, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu onjalo ungumpofu futhi uhola indlela yokuphila eyingozi. Ngemva kokufunda ukuthi abanikazi abafana nabo, kungenzeka ukuba bathole isimangalo phakathi kwalabo ababaziyo.
Ubani incazelo engezansi
Ngokusho isichazamazwi esichazayo sezenhlalo, umuntu omncane ngumuntu onesimo somngcele phakathi kwamaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu emphakathini, izinhlelo, namasiko. Kusho ukuthini, i-marginal iyinhloko engafani nhlobo, kodwa hhayi ephumelelayo, ekuziphatheni okubi noma ekuhluphekeni okunamathiselwe. Kukholelwa ukuthi abokuqala bokuqala bakhululiwe ebugqilini, abantu abavela endaweni ejwayelekile, kodwa bebengakwazi ukuba amalungu omphakathi agcwele ngokushesha.
Uma ama-marginals emphakathini engenzi imisebenzi ewusizo emphakathini, bese udala izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Izigameko zikwazi ukungena ngamaqembu futhi zenze izimpikiswano. Emazweni aseYurophu, lesi simo sivame ukuvukela kwabafuduki. Lezi zizwe, ezamukelwa kwelinye izwe, ezinikezwe izindlu nokudla, zingabangela izinkinga eziningi kubantu abahlala emthethweni abahlala emthethweni. Ukunciphisa okuncane okungenabungozi, njengesibonelo, ungakwazi ukuletha abameli bezinhlanga ezincane, ama-fashionshiftshifters, njll njll.
Isimo se "emkhawulweni" singahle sinikezwe umuntu ngomphakathi noma sithathwe umuntu ngokuzimela. "Ukukhwabanisa" nokuthi "ukubeka uphawu" kubantu abangewona abajwayelekile kungenzeka emsebenzini ndawonye, esibhedlela, esikoleni. Izinto ezincane - ezizwe, ezenzweni zocansi, njll, zivame ukucindezeleka okunjalo. Lokhu kuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Umuntu angaqaphela ukulingana kwakhe ngokwakhe. Kulesi simo, kufanele anqume - "buyela esimweni esivamile" noma uhlale nesimo "segcekeni".
Ubani abangabalandeli be-lumpen?
Igama elithi "lumpen" lasungulwa nguK. Marx, wabhekisela kuleli qembu i-vagabonds, izikhalazi, iziboshwa. Ngokombono we-townfolk, ama-lumpens kanye nabasemakhaya bayisinye iqembu labantu abanesithakazelo esifanayo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngempela. I-Lumpen yinto echazwayo, engokwenyama nangokwemvelo, "imfucuza yomphakathi" engxenyeni yeqembu eliphansi, kodwa ubuntu obuncane abuyona i-lumpen njalo.
Izimpawu zamanqamuzana
Isici esiyinhloko sabantu abahlala emkhakheni wezenhlalo yi-break in the izimboni zomnotho, ezenhlalakahle nezingokomoya ezikhona empilweni "yasekhaya". Abafudukayo kanye nababaleki bahlukunyezwa kakhulu. Umuntu owayengumkhosi wezempi oye waxoshwa enkonzweni kodwa ongakatholi emphakathini angakwazi ukufika emaphethelweni amaqembu omphakathi. Ubudlelwano obudlulile babuxoshiwe, kanti abukho obusha, futhi ezimweni ezingathandeki kakhulu, ngeke kube khona. Khona-ke umuntu angakwazi ukubeka phansi - isb. ukucwilisa "empeleni" yokuphila.
Ezinye izibonakaliso zokungalingani:
- ukuhamba - kuvela ngokungabikho kwezindlu, okunamathiselwe;
- izinkinga zengqondo - zivela ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthola "indawo ngaphansi kwelanga";
- ukuthuthukiswa kwamagugu abo, ngezinye izikhathi inzondo emphakathini okhona;
- ukulula ngokwanele kokubandakanyeka emisebenzini engekho emthethweni.
Izinhlobo zamanqamuzana
Ngentuthuko enhle yezenzakalo, isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa komuntu kumuntu akuhlali isikhathi eside - ngokushintshashintsha, ukuthola umsebenzi, ukuhlangana emphakathini, ulahlekelwa isimo sesigcawu. Okuhlukile ngabantu abaye bahlukunyezwa (ababaleki) noma labo abakhetha ngokuzikhethela le ndlela yokuphila (ama-vagabonds, ama-radicals, ama-extremists, abaguquguquki). Izazi zezenhlalo zihlanganyela izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaqembu aphansi: ezombangazwe, ezokuziphatha, ezenkolo, ezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho nezemvelo.
Amanxusa ezombusazwe
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi yilophi uhlangothi lwezombusazwe, incazelo yalesi sihloko, singakhumbula isikhathi sokufika kukaFidel Castro eCuba, sihambisana nokucindezelwa kwegazi. "Isiqhingi Senkululeko" sesingenakulinganiswa nokuphila kwabantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili ababalekela kwamanye amazwe, empeleni baba yizimbangi zezombusazwe - abantu abangenelisekile ngombuso wezepolitiki okhona, imithetho yawo.
Izinga lobuhlanga
Abantu abahlukunyezwa ngokweqile bavame ukubhekwa njengabantu ngabanye abazalwa ngabameleli bezizwe ezahlukene. Akuyona imishado yenzalo eyenza abantu abahlukunyezwayo, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma ingane ingathintani nanoma yibuphi ubuzwe babazali - kulokhu, ayamukeli noma yikuphi. Enye impendulo yombuzo wokuthi abanikazi bezinhlanga ezinjalo bangamazwe ambalwa, abameleli bezizwe ezincane kakhulu ezihlala phakathi kwezinye izizwe.
Ukukhishwa kwezenkolo
Iningi labantu emphakathini lihambisana nokuvuma okuthile, noma ungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nhlobo. Amantombazana enkolo abiza abantu abakholelwa ukuthi kukhona amandla aphezulu, kodwa abakwazi ukuzibiza ngokuthi abamele noma iyiphi inkolo ekhona. Phakathi kwabantu abanjalo (abaprofethi) umuntu angakwazi ukuhlangana nalabo ababuthene abantu abafana nabantu futhi badala isonto labo.
Amalungu omphakathi
Into efana nokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo kuvela emphakathini obhekene nezinhlekelele: ukushaya, ukuguqulwa, njll. Amaqembu wonke abantu emphakathini oshintshayo alahlekelwa indawo yawo futhi angakwazi ukukuthola ohlelweni olusha. Abalingani bezenhlalakahle ezinjalo bavame ukuba abafuduka, ngoba isibonelo singakhumbula abamele abahlonishwayo, abasuka eRussia ngemuva kokuvukela umbuso ka 1917.
Umnotho wangaphakathi
Impendulo embuzweni wokuthi obani umnotho wezomnotho ukhona, ngokuyinhloko kufike ekungabikho kwemisebenzi kanye nento ehambisana nayo yobumpofu. Abahlukumezi bezomnotho baphoqelelwa noma balahlekelwa ngamabomu ithuba lokuthola nokuhlala emalini yomunye umuntu - ukuthola usizo lwabanye, izinzuzo zombuso, izipho, njll. Emphakathini wanamuhla, abantu abahlukumezekile ngokwezomnotho nabo babhekwa njengabantu abaningi kakhulu, futhi banqunywa emphakathini.
Biomarginals
Inhlangano enhle yezenhlalakahle kusho ukukhathalela labo abasesimweni esinzima ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo, ngakho-ke umbuzo wokuthi obani abaphilayo bezinto eziphilayo akumele baphakamise. Eqinisweni, labo abangenayo inzuzo emphakathini ngenxa yokugula, abavikelekile ngokuphelele. I-Biomanginals ibizwa ngokuthi yi-invalids, igula kakhulu, ikhulile, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, izingane ezine-Down's syndrome , njll.
Izinzuzo kanye nokuziqhenya kokungalingani
Okokuqala, incazelo engalungile yegama elithi "elincane" seluvele lishintshile futhi alithwali njalo umthwalo omubi. Ukuba ngaphandle kwe "umhlambi," ukuhluka kwabaningi kuyimfashini futhi kuhloniphekile, kodwa uhlangothi oluhle lokuhlukanisa lungatholakali ngisho nangokweqile lesi sihloko:
- izibalo ezihamba phambili zihamba kakhulu kunabantu abavamile, kulula ukuba zihambele esifundeni esiphumelele ngokwezomnotho, ukuthola umsebenzi okhokhela kangcono, ukushintsha umsebenzi wabo;
- ngenxa yokungafani kwabo namanye amalungu omphakathi, ezinye izigameko zingazakhela ibhizinisi labo kulokhu, isibonelo, isizinda sendawo singavula isitolo ngezimpahla abantu bakhe abakhiqizayo;
- Ngenxa yezimo zabo eziguquguqukayo ngokuvamile ziletha okuthile okusha, okuqhubekayo emphakathini.
Izikhathi ezimbi zokungalingani zifakazela ukuthi lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezinkulu esimisweni somphakathi - izinguquko, izinguquko. Ngokuvamile, umphakathi uhlale unesimo sengqondo esinjalo - isimo simpofu, sishiywa ngabantu abathembisayo. Enye ukungalungi kokuhlukaniswa komphakathi ukuhla kwezinga lokuphila nokuphepha ngenxa yokwehliswa kwenani elikhulu labantu abahlukumezekile.
Ukuhlukana okungalungile esimweni uma kudalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngezinguquko eziqhubekayo, izimpi, inani labantu abahlukunyeziwe likhula ngokuzenzekelayo, ngenxa yalokho abantu abangenacala abhubhisa futhi bawele "phansi." Izibonelo zokunciphisa ukuphoqeleka kokuQotshwa yi-Holocaust yesizwe samaJuda, ehlelwe yi-fascist eJalimane ne-Stalinist repression, ngenxa yokuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu babathunjiwe, baphuthunyiswa futhi banqatshelwe umsebenzi kanye nezindlu.
Ukungalingani nobubha
Kusukela emphakathini wanamuhla impendulo yombuzo wokuthi obani abahlukunyezwayo abashintshile kakhulu akuyona njalo imiphumela yokungalingani - ububha, ukungabi nkululeko noma ngisho nokuphila. Ama-marginals, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, angaba abantu abacebile kakhulu, ngenxa yokuphepha kwabo, abangakhululekile kunamanye amalungu omphakathi. Futhi kuyinto engavamile kubantu bebhizinisi abaphumelelayo ukushiya amabhizinisi abo bese beshiya imizi emikhulu esifundazweni nasemizaneni.
Esikhathini sohlaka olunjalo njengokungalingani kufanelekile ukukhulumayo mayelana nokudlulela isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kusukela ekuzalweni, lowo muntu uqala ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene - zomphakathi nezomuntu ngamunye. Okufanelekile, le mibutho kufanele ibe nokulinganisela, kodwa empeleni enye yalezi zindawo ivame kakhulu. Ngokuqiniswa kwezenhlalo, i-conformist izalwa, futhi ngokuzimela komuntu ngamunye, i-downshift ingazalwa.
U-Downshifter ngumuntu okhetha ukuphila ngaphandle komphakathi noma ukukhulumisana okunzima kakhulu nabantu abangaphandle komndeni wakhe. Lokhu kungumgogodla, owanelisekile ngokuphelele ngokuhlala kwakhe emkhakheni womngcele, uma ekhululekile ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke, aphile ngokuzimela ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, abahlukumezi bakhetha ukwenza ubuciko - badweba, babhala izincwadi, njll. Futhi ubuciko babo buvame ukufunwa njalo, tk. umbhali unamandla amakhulu nokucabanga okungajwayelekile .