Naphezu kokwanda kwenani labantu abano-RAS (i-autism spectrum disorders), umuntu akakwazi ukukhuluma ngokuqhubeka kwe-autism. Ngomuthi wanamuhla nje, kunezincazelo ezicacile zomqondo onjalo njengengqondo ye-autistic. I-criteria yokukhomba nokuxilongwa sekuye kwacaca kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukubona lezi zinkinga ngisho nakancane kakhulu.
Iyini incazelo ye-mindistic autistic?
Isakhiwo sobuntu bomuntu ngamunye sihlanganisa izici ezine eziyinhloko (izakhi):
- Izimfanelo eziqhelile . Lezi zihlanganisa, okokuqala, ukufutheka komuntu, izinhlobo zokuqala zokuziphatha, kanye nohlobo lokucabanga-ubuciko noma ukuhlaziya.
- Izici zezinqubo zengqondo . Lokhu kubandakanya konke ukubonakaliswa ngokomzwelo, izinzwa, ikhono kanye nezici zokubonakalisa imizwa , ukuzinza noma ukungazinzi kokuziphatha.
- Izakhiwo zomphakathi . Zonke izinhlobo nemvelo yokuxhumana nezwe langaphandle, uhlobo lokubuka umhlaba, izimfanelo zokuziphatha, ukushayela, izifiso nezintshisekelo zomuntu.
- Izinga lokulungela . Ikhono lokuthola nokusebenzisa ulwazi, amakhono asebenzayo, imikhuba ethile kanye nezinga lomzimba wokuphila.
Uhlobo lobuntu lwe-autistic lusetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nezici ezintathu, okubonakala ngezinga elithile, kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukwephula ukuxhumana nezwe langaphandle, kubandakanya abazali nomndeni;
- ukungabi nokuxhumana nomphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi ukungafuni ukuxhumana nomphakathi;
- inqwaba yezithakazelo kanye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kokuziphatha.
Abantu abanezinkinga ze-autistic bahlukaniswa ngokuphila kwangaphakathi okuvaliwe, inqola ebukhosini bangaphandle, imizwelo kanye nemizwelo ebuthakathaka kakhulu. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lokhu kungabonakaliswa ngokungahlangani okuphelele nezwe elizungezile, ngenxa yokungabi nalutho nokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo, ukungazinaki ngokuphelele abantu. Okusho ukuthi, abantu abanjalo banomzwelo ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphandle, ngokuvamile abavumelani negama labo futhi ababukeli amehlo.
Uhlobo lwe-autistic lokucabanga lubonakala ngokucwiliswa ezweni lokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kanye nokwehlisa ukuxhumana nezwe langempela. Kwezinye izimo, abantu abanezinkinga ezifanayo bangaba namakhono ayingqayizivele futhi ajwayelekile (i-savant syndrome), okuyinto, ngemfundo efanele, engenza ukuba baphumelele emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe.