Ukudonswa kwabagijimi - izidakamizwa ezivinjelwe nezigunyaziwe

Abadumile abaningi balahlekelwa imindeni yabo neziqu ngokushesha nje lapho kwacaca ukuthi umzimba wabo uqukethe izinto ezingaphandle. Kuze kube manje, kunemibuzo eminingi nokungabaza phakathi kochwepheshe abahamba phambili mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa i-doping. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini nokuthi kungani isetshenzisiwe.

Ukuqeda - kuyini?

Ukwehla - kungukusebenzisa izinto ezivinjelwe zemvelaphi yemvelo noma yokwenziwa komkhiqizo, okuvumela ukuba uzuze imiphumela emihle emidlalweni. Ukudla kwezidakamizwa kugqugquzela ukwanda okwesikhashana emsebenzini we-endocrine kanye nezinhlelo zezinzwa, kwandisa ubukhulu besisindo ngenxa yamaprotheni synthesis. Imithi enjalo ibhalwe ohlwini olukhethekile lwe-World Anti-Doping Agency. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki futhi kulimaza impilo yabantu.

Doping isebenza kanjani?

Ama-hormone e-anabolic steroid yilohlobo oludumile kakhulu. Lezi zidakamizwa ze-doping ziqukethe i-testosterone, ekhishwa ngamagciwane wesilisa. Ngosizo lwe-anabolic ukwanda kwamandla ngokomzimba, ivolumu yomthamo nokukhuthazela kwenzeka. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa amandla amancane ngosizo lwezidakamizwa, banamandla amasha akhulisa amathuba omzimba womuntu ezingeni elisha.

Ukudonswa kwezemidlalo - "ngokuba" nangokuthi "ngokumelene"

Ngokuba umgijimi ubaluleke kakhulu, angayifinyelela ngosizo lokuqeqeshwa kanzima. Ngakho-ke, zonke izindlela ezingenzeka zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza imiphumela ephezulu. Kungaba iphutha ukuveza ngobuzenzisi isifiso sokulondoloza impilo kubadlali. Futhi i-doping yezemidlalo kuphela ivumela umgijimi ukuba alondoloze amandla omzimba womzimba onamandla omzimba omkhulu.

Imibono yochwepheshe mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa i-dope, yahlakazeka. Ososayensi abakhuluma, bathi:

1. Imvume yokusebenzisa i-doping izokwenza umdlalo uphephile, kuyoba nesifiso sokuthuthukisa izidakamizwa eziphephile neziphumelelayo.
2. Ukumiswa kwe-doping kuzokusiza ukuvimbela ukudliwa kwezidakamizwa nokulimaza kubadlali.

Ososayensi abaphikisayo, bathi:

1. Imvume yokwenza i-dope ingabangela ukuthi abagijimi abasha bazoqala ukwamukela futhi ubuqotho bezemidlalo bungabonakala.
2. Abagijimi abathintekayo, bazibeka engozini enkulu: isifo senhliziyo, i- cholesterol ephakeme , ukulimala kwezidakamizwa, ukulimala kwesibindi esikhulu, ushintsho kwezocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa.
3. Ukwehla kwezemidlalo kwenza i-sports ingathandeki, iyophela ukuhlukana nanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi wezohwebo.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-doping kuholela emidlalweni engathembeki, kuphula umqondo wokulingana phakathi kwabagijimi, futhi impumelelo kulokhu ayifinyelelwanga hhayi ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, kodwa ngokusebenza kwamakhemikhali komzimba kulo mzimba.

Izinhlobo zokudoba

Kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokudonswa kwezemidlalo:

1. Izikhuthazo . Zenza ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukucindezelwa kwegazi, umsebenzi wezinhliziyo, ukuphazamisa ukushisa.
2. Ama-Analgesics . Zithinta isistimu yomgogodla, zikhulise isikhwama sobuhlungu , futhi umdlali osizimele angakwazi ukuqonda ukungathí sina kwawo, okuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu nakakhulu.
3. Beta-blockers . Basiza ukunciphisa imvamisa yezinkinga zezinhliziyo, banomphumela wokuphucula, ngcono ukusebenzisana, basebenziselwa lapho kungekho sidingo sokusebenza okungathí sina.
4. I-Diuretics . Usizo lokuphumula ngokushesha. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zithathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhululeka kwemisipha futhi ngaphambi kokulawulwa kwe-doping ukususa masinyane emzimbeni wemithi evinjelwe.
5. I-Erythropoietin ithuthukisa ukukhuthazela.
6. I-hormone yokukhula ikhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-muscle mass, ukunciphisa kwamakhemikhali amafutha, ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kwamanxeba, ukuqinisa ukuzivikela.
7. I-insulini . Isetshenziswa emidlalweni yamandla.
8. Ama-steroid anabolic . Basiza ukwandisa isisindo mass kuya kilogramgram eziyishumi ngenyanga, ukwandisa amandla, ukukhuthazela, ukukhiqiza, ukunciphisa amakhodi fat.
9. I-Gene doping . Lokhu kudluliselwa kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphandle noma amaseli emzimbeni womdlali. Kuningi izikhathi ezinamandla kunazo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa ezazikhona.

Ukuthungatha abagijimi

Ukwehlisa ezemidlalo kubuyela ezikhathini ze-USSR. Ngalezo zinsuku udokotela wadala zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhuthazela ngokomzimba kwabadlali. Yakha kancane kancane uhlu lwemithi ethandwayo:

1. I-Erythropoietin iyi-dope evinjelwe kubadlali.
2. I-steroids yama-anabolic ngesimo se-testosterone, i-stanozolol, i-nandrolone, i-methenolone.
3. Ukumpontshelwa igazi - autohemotransfusion kanye nokumpontshelwa igazi.
4. Izikhuthazo ngendlela ye-cocaine, i-ephedrine, i-ecstasy, i-amphetamines.

Ukuqothulwa kobuchopho

Ukudubula abadlali be-chess kuboniswa yizidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, umsebenzi wezingqondo, ama-simulators kanye ne-nootropics, okwakunomthelela onamandla kodwa wesikhashana, okwakamuva kunomthelela omkhulu, kufanelekile ukuvuselela isikhathi eside. Ezimweni zokuqala nezibili, izidakamizwa zinezela eku:

• ukugqugquzela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni;
• ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla komzimba amaseli obuchopho;
• ukuqothulwa kwe-oksijini yindlala;
• ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda;
• inkumbulo, ukunakwa.

Ukuqeda ukukhuthazela

Ukwehliswa kwamakhemikhali noma wemvelo kusiza ukufeza imigomo ebekiwe. Ukudonswa kwamakhemikhali okwenziwa ngama-chemical asetshenziswa ngendlela yama-analeptic agents, ama-hormone okukhula, ama-diuretics kanye nezidakamizwa ze-anabolic. Izingxenye zemvelo zimelelwa yizinyosi, i-mollusks, i-leuzeem, i-wort yaseSt. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela zinezela:

• ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuthazela kanye namandla okusebenza;
• ukuqeda ukukhathala;
• ukwandisa ithoni;
• ukuvuselela ukukhula kwezicubu zomzimba;
• ukuphuma kwamanzi.

Ukuqothulwa kwesakhiwo semisipha

Ama-doping agents abasiza ukwakha ubukhulu bemisipha, baqinisa amandla futhi bashise amafutha. Ukudonswa kwezidakamizwa ekwakheni umzimba kuboniswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

1. I-hypoxen, ikhulisa ukukhuthazela ngo-15%, isusa ukuphefumula, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwe-oksijini egazini, inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, kungumhlobo wokudilika kwenhliziyo.
2. I-Pentoxifylline, ihlisa i-viscosity yegazi, ihlanza imithwalo yegazi. I-contraindicated ezifo ze-cardiovascular and high blood pressure. Isidakamizwa sikhishwa ngomuthi.
3. I-Schisandra, ithuthukisa ithoni yesistimu ye-central central, ithuthukisa ukugaya kanye nekhwalithi yokulala.
4. I-potassium orotate ibandakanyeka ekwakheni ama-molecule wamaprotheni, kusiza ukwakha imisipha.

Ukuqeda amandla

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekufezeni imiphumela ephezulu yezemidlalo kungamandla omzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, abagijimi basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisekelayo:

1. I-Actoprotectant, yandisa ukuzinza, inomthelela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinzwa, uhlelo lwe-cardio-yokuphefumula kanye nezicubu zomzimba.
2. Ama-amino acids asiza amaprotheni synthesis.
3. "I-chain amino acid chain chain". Umphumela we-doping ubonakala ekwandeni kwamandla ngo-10%, ukubuyiselwa kwe-glycogen emisipha.
4. I-carnitine yandisa ukukhuthazela, ikhulula ukukhathala, ubuhlungu, ishisa amafutha amaningi.
5. I-Methionine, iveza ukukhuthazela ngokomzimba , ayivumeli umzimba ukuba uchithe amandla.

Yini engalimaza ngokudoba?

Ukwehlisa isithintela nakho kuyathinta inselelo yengqondo, okwenza ukuhlukunyezwa, ukoma ukunqoba nokufeza imigomo ebekiwe. Kodwa ngoba izidakamizwa ze-anabolic zitholakala kuma-hormone wesilisa, zivimbela isimiso se-endocrine se-sex sphere, esiholela ku:

• ukunciphisa ama-testes, umsebenzi wabo we-hormonal;
• ukunciphisa ikhono lokufaka umanyolo ukuqedela ukungasebenzi;
• ukuthunyelwa kwamafutha amaningi, ezindaweni eziwuphawu lomzimba wesifazane;
• ukwanda kwamazinyo ezincane.

Kulahlekelwa izinwele zekhanda ekhanda ngokusho ngohlobo lwesilisa noboya, izinwele zivela ebusweni, esifubeni, esiswini, izwi liba lukhuni, eliphansi, umjikelezo wesimiso uphazamiseka, isibeletho sithinteka, ukuvinjwa kwezingqungquthela zesisu nokusebenza komzimba kuyanda. Umonakalo wokudlwengula emadodeni nakwabesifazane kubonakala ukwanda kwezinga le-cholesterol, ukubonakala kwe-atherosclerosis, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ischemia, ukulimala kwesibindi.

Indlela yokwenza i-dope?

Uma ufuna ukwenza i-dope ekhaya ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe, ungasebenzisa okupheka okulandelayo:

1. Amandla okuphuza. Izwa futhi ivuse. Brew amanzi abilayo amaphakethe amathathu itiye 200 ml amanzi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyishumi, uthele ikhambi endaweni yeplastiki yebhodlela elilodwa, ugcwalise wonke amanzi ngamanzi abandayo. Engeza ama-dragees angu-20 e-ascorbic acid, shake, ubeke efrijini. Ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba ngamunye, thatha isiphuzo ezinxenyeni ezincane.
2. Phuza ngaphandle kwe-caffeine. Thatha ibhodlela, uthele kuwo ilitha elingamahhafu lamanzi amaminerali, uchithe kuzo izinkezo ezimbalwa uju, engeza ijusi lemon elilodwa, 0.15-0.30 g we- succinic acid , amaconsi angu-10 e-alcohol tincture we-adaptogen. Isiphuzo esinjalo siyokugcwalisa ngamandla, ngokungezelela ukuvuselela nokugqugquzela.

Ukuqeda - amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngokokuqala ngqá yaziwa ngokudonswa kweDoping phakathi neMidlalo yama-Olympic ngo-1960. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni kubhekwa njengenkinga ebaluleke kunazo zonke ezemidlalo yanamuhla futhi kuhilela amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo:

1. Phakathi nemincintiswano yokugubha umnsalo, abagijimi bathatha izidakamizwa ezifanayo njengabahlinzayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze izandla zabo zingadudli.
2. Lapho ukulawulwa kokushaywa indiva kudingeke ukuba abadlali besifazane babhekwe njengesivivinywa sokukhulelwa, ngoba ososayensi bafunde ukuthi lesi simo singakhulisa amandla amakhono.
3. Ekhulwini lama-1990 leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi bathatha igazi kubadlali, babagcoba, base bethululela ekupheleni komncintiswano. Lokhu kwasiza ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukwandisa ukukhuthazela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akekho owakwazi ukuthola amathrekhi amalungiselelo avinjelwe.
4. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka lama-20, kwabonakala ukuthi cishe bonke abagijimi abavela esigabeni sokwehlisa isisindo badonsa ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokudotshwa.

Abadlali ababanjwe e-doping

Umlando wezemidlalo yomhlaba wakhunjulwa ngabadlali ababanjwe ekudonsheni:

1. UBen Johnson . I-sprinter yaseCanada, umklomelo wemikhumbi yama-Olimpiki ka-1984, wanqoba uphawu lwamamitha ayikhulu ngaphansi kwemizuzwana eyishumi, kabili wephula irekhodi lomhlaba. Ngo-1988 wabanjwa, engavunyelwe ukuphila.
2. ULance Armstrong , waba yingqikithi yesikhombisa e-Tour de France ngebhayisikili, ngemuva kokulwa kanzima kanzima nomdlavuza. Ngonyaka ka-2012 wabanjwa enecala futhi engavumelekile impilo. I-Champion yaphoqeleka ukuba ibuyele wonke umklomelo, iziqu, kodwa ngisho nalokhu akuzange kumvimbe ekubeni ngumlando.
3. Yegor Titov . Umdlali wezemidlalo waseRussia, owasesikhundleni sakhe "Spartacus" ngesikhathi sakhe, bese ebizwa ngokuthi "Khimki", nase "Locomotive". Ngo-2004, wayengafanelekile unyaka. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kukaTitov eqenjini, ithimba kulowo lenza kahle. Manje uTitov uhlanganyele ekuqeqesheni.