Emashumini eminyaka adlule, ukugoma okujwayelekile kungalawulwa yi-state, iningi labo likhetha ukungalisebenzisi. Ezinye izifo, kuhlanganise ne-tetanus ne-diphtheria, azivamile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukutheleleka kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, futhi abantu balahlekelwa prophylaxis.
Ngidinga umgomo wokulwa ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus?
Imibono mayelana nokugoma yahlukaniswa. Ochwepheshe abaningi abaqeqeshiwe bagcizelela isidingo sokuqaliswa kwayo, kodwa kukhona nabalandeli bezinto zemvelo ezikholelwa ukuthi amasosha omzimba akwazi ukubhekana nezifo ngokwawo. Ingabe abazali bomntwana noma isiguli banquma ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uvela e- diphtheria nase-tetanus, uma usevele esekhulile.
Amathuba okuthola lezi zifo aphansi kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zokuphila ezihlanzekile nezokuhlanzeka kanye nokuzivikela okuhlangene. Lokhu kwakhiwa ngoba ukugoma ngokumelene ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus kwakusetshenziswa kakhulu amashumi eminyaka. Inombolo yabantu abanezifo zokulwa nesandulela ngculaza idlula abantu ngaphandle kwabo, lokhu kuvimbela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe.
Kungani i-diphtheria ne-tetanus iyingozi?
Isiboniso sokuqala sokuthi i-pathology iyisifo se-bacteria esithathelwanayo, esicasulwa yi-bacillus kaLoeffler. I-bacillus ye-Diphtheria ifihla inqwaba yezinto ezinobuthi ezibangelwa ukwakhiwa kwamafilimu anamanzi ku-oropharynx ne-bronchi. Lokhu kubangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-airways kanye ne-croup, ngokuqhubekayo ngokushesha (imizuzu engu-15-30) ibe yi-asphyxia. Ngaphandle kosizo oluphuthumayo, imiphumela ebulalayo ivela ekuguleni.
Awukwazi ukuthola i-tetanus. I-agent causative ye-acterial disease (i-Clostridium tetani stick) ingena emzimbeni ngokuxhumana, ngokusebenzisa izilonda ezikhudlwana zesikhumba ngokubunjwa kwesilonda ngaphandle kokufinyelela ku-oxygen. Into esemqoka ukuthi i- tetanus iyingozi kangakanani kumuntu - umphumela obulalayo. I-Clostridium tetani ikhipha ubuthi obukhulu obangela ukugwinya okukhulu, ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa zenhliziyo kanye nezitho zokuphefumula.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus - imiphumela
Izimpawu ezingathandeki emva kokusungulwa kweprophylactic kuyinto evamile, hhayi isifo. Umgomo wokulwa ne-tetanus ne-diphtheria (ADP) awuqukethe ama-bacterial-pathogens aphilayo. Ekubunjweni kwayo, kuphela amakhemikhali abo ahlanzekile asekhona ezindaweni ezincane ezanele ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwengculazi. Ayikho into eqinisekisiwe yokutholakala kwemiphumela eyingozi uma usebenzisa i-ADP.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus - ukuphikisana
Kukhona amacala lapho ukugoma kufanele kuhlehliswe, futhi izimo lapho kuzodingeka zishiywe khona. Ukugonywa kusuka ku-diphtheria ne-tetanus kudluliselwa uma:
- lo muntu wayegula ngesifo sofuba, isifo sofuba, isibindi sonyaka.
- ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezingu-2 emva kokwethulwa kwanoma yimuphi omunye umuthi wokugoma;
- i-immunosuppressive therapy;
- esigulini sesifo esiyingozi sokuphefumula, i-ARVI, ukuphindaphinda kwesifo esingapheli.
Akufaki ukusetshenziswa kwe-ADS kuyadingeka uma ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi izingxenye zomuthi nokutholakala kwe-immunodeficiency. Ukungazinaki iziphakamiso zezokwelapha kuzoholela ekutheni ngemuva kokugoma kwe-tetanus-diphtheria, umzimba awukwazi ukhiqiza ama-antibodies ananele ukuze unciphise i-toxin. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kwenqubo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi akukho okuphikisanayo.
Izinhlobo zemigomo ye-diphtheria ne-tetanus
Imishanguzo ihluke emaqenjini asebenzayo angena ekubunjweni kwawo. Kukhona imithi kuphela evela ku-diphtheria ne-tetanus, nezixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivikela ngokumelene ne-pertussis, i-poliomyelitis nezinye izifo. Izijovo eziningi ziboniswa ukuphathwa kwabantwana nalabo abadala abagonywe okokuqala. Emitholampilo yomphakathi umgomo owodwa wokubhebhethekisa i-tetanus ne-diphtheria isetshenziswa - igama le-ADS noma i-ADS-m. Ukungenisa i-analogue yi-Dipet uDkt. Kubantwana kanye nabantu abadala abangavunyelwe, i- DTP inconywa, noma izilinganiso zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi:
- Okubalulekile;
- Infanriks;
- I-Pentaxim.
I-diphtheria ne-tetanus igonywe kanjani?
Ukuzikhukhumeza kwangasese kwezifo ezichazweko akukwakhiwa, ngisho noma umuntu egula nabo. Ukuxilongwa kwe-antibodies egazini ukuya emithonjeni enobungozi yamabhaktheriya kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umuthi wokugoma we-tetanus ne-diphtheria uphindwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma ungaphuthelwa ukuvimbela okuhleliwe, kuzodingeka wenze ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokuphathwa kwemithi eyinhloko.
Ukugoma ngokumelene ne-tetanus ne-diphtheria - nini?
Ukugonywa kuqhutshwa kuyo yonke impilo yomuntu, kusukela ekuqaleni kosuku lokusana. Umuthi wokuqala wokulwa ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus ufakwa ezinyangeni ezingu-3, emva kwalokho uphindwa kabili ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-45. Ama-revaccination alandelayo awenziwa ngalesi sikhathi:
- Iminyaka eyi-1,5;
- Iminyaka engu-6-7;
- Iminyaka engu-14-15.
Abantu abadala bayagonywa ngokumelene ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Ukuze silondoloze umsebenzi wesimiso sokuzivikela omzimba ngokumelene nalezi zifo, odokotela batusa ukuvuselelwa eminyakeni engu-25, 35, 45 no-55. Uma ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esivele kudlulile kusukela ekulawulweni kwezidakamizwa zokugcina, ukujova okulandelanayo oku-3 kufanele kwenziwe, kufana nezinyanga ezingu-3.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukugoma?
Izindlela ezikhethekile azidingeki ngaphambi kokugoma. I-inoculation eyinhloko noma ehleliwe esuka ku-diphtheria ne-tetanus kuya kwezingane eyenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala ngodokotela wezingane noma ochwepheshe, izinga lokushisa komzimba kanye nokulinganisa komzimba. Ngokwengqondo kadokotela, ukuvivinya okujwayelekile kwegazi, umchamo kanye nemfesi kuthathwa. Uma zonke izinkomba zomzimba zivamile, umuthi wokugoma usungulwa.
I-Diphtheria ne-tetanus - ukugoma, bayayiphi lapho?
Ukuze ukondle kahle kwesisombululo somzimba nokusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela omzimba, i-prick yenziwa isidumbu esithuthukile ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lamathambo adipose nxazonke, ngakho-ke amaconsi alesi simo awafanelekile. Izingane zijojelwe ikakhulukazi emthangeni. Abantu abadala bayagonywa ngokumelene ne-tetanus ne-diphtheria ngaphansi kwe-scapula. Ngaphansi kwalokho okuncane kuncike ekutheni umsizi wehlombe utholakale, uma kunesisindo esanele nokuthuthukiswa.
Ukugonywa kusuka ekudobheni nase-tetanus - imiphumela emibi
Izimpawu ezimbi emva kokungeniswa komuthi ovotshweyo akuvamile, ezimweni eziningi zibekezelela kahle. Ukugonywa kwezingane ezivela kwi-diphtheria ne-tetanus ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisana nokuphendula kwendawo endaweni yomjovo:
- ukuvuselelwa kwe-epidermis;
- ukukhukhumeza endaweni yokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukuxuba ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
- ukuzonda kancane;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- coryza;
- i-dermatitis;
- ukukhwehlela;
- itching;
- I-Otitis.
Izinkinga ezibalwe zinyamalale zodwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-3. Ukwenza lula isimo, ungabonisana nodokotela mayelana nokwelapha okunomsoco. Kubantu abadala, kukhona ukusabela okufanayo ekugonyeni kwe-diphtheria-tetanus, kodwa kungase kube neminye imiphumela emibi:
- ikhanda;
- ukuphuza;
- ukulala;
- ukwephulwa kwesifiso;
- izinkinga zesitoreji;
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Ukugonywa kwe-diphtheria-tetanus - izinkinga emva kokugoma
Izinto ezibalwe ngenhla zibhekwa njengendlela ehlukile yokuphendula okujwayelekile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba ukuze kungenwe ubuthi lwebhaktheriya. Ukushisa okuphezulu emva kokugoma ngokumelene ne-tetanus ne-diphtheria akusho ukuthi akuyona inqubo yokuvuvukala, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane okulwa nezidakamizwa. Imiphumela embi futhi eyingozi ivela kuphela lapho kwenzeka khona imithetho yokulungiselela ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokugoma noma izincomo zokuthola isikhathi.
Ukugonywa kwezifo ze-diphtheria-tetanus kubangela ukuthi:
- amakhemikhali kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yayo;
- ukutholakala kokuphikisana nokufakwa kwesidakamizwa;
- ukutheleleka kwesibili kwesilonda;
- hit inaliti emathisheni omzimba.
Imiphumela embi yokugoma okungalungile:
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic;
- i-angioedema ;
- ukuxubha;
- ukukhathazeka;
- i-neuralgia.