Ukutshala amapheya ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo - ukuqeqeshwa okubalulekile kanye nemithetho yokufika kwabakwaqalayo

Ukutshala amapheya angenakulungiswa ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo kuholele ezifweni, ukukhula okucindezelekile, ukungena ekupheleni kwe-fruiting. Lesi siko sithanda ukunakekelwa okuhle, uma usebenzisa ezinye izindlela nezeluleko ezivela kubalimi abanolwazi, lesi sitshalo sizokubonga ngezithelo ezimnandi.

Indlela yokutshala ipheya entwasahlobo ngezithombo?

Iphara ithatha indawo ebalulekile engadini yangasese. Izithelo ezinomsoco ezinomsoco ziphinde zenziwe kabusha, zisetshenziswe kalula efomu elisha, ziyadingeka emakethe. Kukhona izingxabano mayelana nezinzuzo nezinsalela zosuku lokutshala entwasahlobo, kufanele ucabange ngekhalenda lemisebenzi bese ukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuxazulula umsebenzi. Ukuze abantu abanomthwalo wokutshala ipey entwasahlobo kuyindaba engathí sina, isimo sengqondo esiphathekayo kulo msebenzi siholela ekubambezelekeni ekuthuthukiseni ngisho nokufa komuthi omncane.

Izici zokutshala amapheya ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo:

1. Umuthi omncane unenqolobane yesikhathi ngaphambi kokushisa, ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande nokwakha umqhele.
2. Ukutshala i-pear tree ekhaya ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo kukhangayo kulezo zimbobo zokutshala zingavuna kusukela ekwindla, inhlabathi iyoba nesikhathi sokuxazulula futhi kungenzeka ukumboza kahle intamo.
3. Ekufikeni kokuqala emhlabathini kunamanzi amaningi anqwabelene phakathi nobusika.

Ungakhetha kanjani umuthi wepeyimu wokutshala?

Ukuthenga izinto zokutshala zezinga elibi, ngisho ne-Isaphulelo esivumayo, ingozi engadini yashiya isikhathi nokuzikhandla ekunakekeleni isihlahla esingenakusebenza. Amaphilisi anonyaka owodwa kanye nezinyanga ezimbili, lapho uhlelo lwempande lonakalisiwe futhi lumile, kancane kancane lukhula futhi luvame ukufa ngenkathi yokuqala. Funda i-eve yokuthenga ngezinqubo zokukhetha isithombo esihle.

Indlela yokukhetha eliphakathi kwe-seeding pear:

1. Ungathengi amapheya ngezibonakaliso zesifo.
2. Izithombo ezinhle kufanele zibe nomaka ngegama lezinhlobonhlobo kanye nezimpande.
3. Izimpande zomuthi onempilo azinawo amaphuzu asolisayo noma izindawo ezimnyama.
4. Indawo ye-inoculation emithini yezithelo isendaweni eyi-7-8 cm kusukela ezimpandeni.
5. Ukuze uthole isakhiwo esincane, ukutshala ipheya entwasahlobo kanye nezithombo kwi-dwarfish noma i-semi-dwarfish stock kuyofaneleka.
6. Ukubhekwa kwamagxolo entwasahlobo ezitshalweni kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukulimala ebhukwini ngeqhwa.
7. Akuyona into engathandeki ukuthenga izithombo zama-pear ezindala kuneminyaka emibili ubudala.
8. Ubukhulu obukhulu be-stem esikhwameni esikhulayo esikhulekile buvela ku-10 mm, ngenxa yezihlahla ezide - kusuka ku-12 mm.
9. Abaneminyaka elilodwa ubudala bangase babe nama-lateral twigs, emaphethini athuthukile aseminyaka emibili afaka amagatsha amathathu anama-40 mm ubude.
10. Ubude bomsuka wezinto ezijwayelekile zokutshala kusuka ku-25-30 cm, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuwu-1.2-1.3 m.

Indawo yokutshala leli phepha kusayithi

Ngisho nezinto eziphezulu zizokhula kabi, ziyolimala futhi zinganiki isivuno evamile uma indawo yokutshala ipheya ngabanikazi bensimu ikhethwe ngokungalungile. Lesi siko asiyithandi inhlabathi, i-land clayey ne-close water. Thola isigaba sokukhanya sezitshalo, kodwa uvikelekile emakhazeni abanda. Zama ukutshala izimbiza ezingaseduze kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwesakhiwo esiseduze.

Izinsuku zokutshala amapheya entwasahlobo

Ukutshala i-spring kwe-pear kwenziwa enyangeni yesithathu ka-Ephreli, inhlabathi ezindaweni eziningi ishisa isimo sezulu esifudumele nesimo esifudumele. Kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo sezinso esiteshini. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza zibonakala zikhangayo, kodwa zigxila kakhulu. Zama ukuchitha isikhathi, ulahlekelwe isikhathi esiphezulu nesiphephile lapho izihlahla ezincane zilele.

Ukuqothula amapheya lapho utshala entwasahlobo

Ukulungiselela izithombo entwasahlobo kuhlale kuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwesimo sezinsizi, bese kuhlanza izihlahla ezihlanzekile. Lokhu kukhwabanisa kwenziwa ngokulandela imfundo elula futhi ehlolwe isikhathi:

1. Izimpande ezihlahleni eziqinile kumele zifinyelele ku-10-35 cm ubude, ingxenye engaphezulu kufanele ifinyelelwe ngisho ngaphandle kokulimala kuyo.
2. Susa futhi ushise ama-swellings asolisayo.
3. Sika amagatsha aqondiswe ngokuqondile.
4. Ukupheliswa okufingqiwe kufanele kusheshe kufinyelelwe izinkuni.
5. Ukutshala izilinganiso eziphakathi kwe-pear kumele kuphele ngokukhipha i-disinfecting uhlelo lwempande kwisisombululo se-1% se-copper sulfate.
6. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emihlanu sithatha isithombo bese sisisusa emanzini afudumele.
7. Sidonsa izimpande zibe ibhodlela lomanyolo wobumba.

Indlela yokutshala eliphakathi kwe-pear seeding ngendlela efanele?

Ukuze ukutshala okulungile kwepeyari entwasahlobo ukuveza imiphumela emihle, kubalulekile ukugcina ubuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izigaba zayo ngokuhambisana nemibandela kusayithi layo. Isibonelo, lapho ukhetha isayithi ngesithombo esisodwa, udinga ukugxila ebangeni emithini nezakhiwo ezizungezile, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, bese uzama ukwakha ukuvikelwa emoyeni. Uma utshala izithombo ezimbalwa sibheka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zepeyari kanye nesitoko, ukuze kuthi uma umqhele ukhula, amasimu awaphazamisi.

Ibanga phakathi kwamapheya angomakhelwane:

1. Isimpande esiqinile singama-6 m row spacing, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze kuvela ku-5 m.
2. Izimpande zemizuzu emihlanu - ukuhlukanisa umugqa u-5 m, phakathi kwamapheya omakhelwane - 4 m.
3. Izihlahla zemifino - umugqa ohlukanisa 4 m, phakathi kwamapheya angamakhelwane - 3 m.
4. Amapheya afakwe ngamakholoni - ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa emincane - i-1,25 m, phakathi kwezintambo zasentwasahlobo zishiya okungenani u-0.5 m.

Ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala eliphakathi kwepayipi

Ubukhulu bomgodi wokutshala kwepeyari kufanele buhambelane nobukhulu be-seedling etholakale. Uma ukulungiselela isayithi kwenziwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthengwa kwezinto zokutshala, izincomo ezijwayelekile zingasetshenziswa:

1. Sigubha imbobo kuze kube ngu-70 cm ejulile kuze kube ngu-80 cm ububanzi.
2. Izindonga zenziwe njengezinga eliphansi ngangokunokwenzeka, kanti inhlabathi kusukela ezingxenyeni eziphansi nezingaphezulu azihlanganisiwe.
3. Uma izwe linzima, khona-ke ungaxuba isanti somfula (kuze kube ibhakede emgodini).
4. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulungiselela isikhonkwane esinamandla sezitshalo ze-garter.
5. Emgodini sizama ukubeka ama-humus nama-fertilizer awusizo.
6. Ngezansi sakha isigundane, lapho isithombo sitshalwe khona entwasahlobo.
7. Ukuphakama kwesiqongo kufanele kube njengokuthi intamo impande ikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ngo-6 cm.

Umquba lapho utshala ipheya entwasahlobo

Ukuze umuthi uhlakulele ngokugcwele entwasahlobo yokuqala naseminyakeni elandelayo, umquba kufanele uqaliswe lapho ihlumela elitshalwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuxuba izinto ezizuzisayo nomhlabathi wezakhi kusuka enqabeni engaphezulu. Sibabeka phansi bese siwafihla ngomhlaba olula, ukuze izimpande zingonakaliswe ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula ngokuxhumana okuqondile nezinto ezigxilile. Ukuhluka kokugcwalisa umgodi wokufika ngokuxuba kwama-humus nama-fertilizer:

1. I-Humus - kufika ku-12 kg nge-fossa ngayinye.
2. Superphosphate - kuze kube ngu-300 g.
3. I-potassium sulphate - engaphezulu kuka-50 g.
4. Ukwengeza umlotha okhuni emhlabathini - 200 g.

Ungayinakekela kanjani ipheya emva kokutshala?

Ukuhlinzeka ngokugcwele nokunakekelwa okufanelekayo kwezithombo eziphakathi kwe-pear, sizama ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane nezifo entwasahlobo nasesikhathini esilandelayo, ukugcina inhlabathi ijikeleze uhlelo lwempande elimanzi. Ukuchichima kuleli cala akuletheli ukulimala kunokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Siphulukisa leli peari njengoba kudingekile lapho kungekho khona imvula. Izigaba eziyinhloko zokunakekela izithombo eziphakathi kwe:

1. Ukuphuza njalo.
2. Ikhulula umhlaba.
3. Ukususwa kokhula.
4. Ukwelashwa kwezifo.
5. Ukufafaza amaqabunga ngokumelene nezinambuzane.
6. Ukubopha isiqu sokuvikelwa ehlathini kanye namagundane.

Ukunciphisa izithombo eziphakathi kwe-pear ngemuva kokutshala?

Ukunciphisa ngokunenzuzo inzuzo, umlimi wensimu ubeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile komqhele kanye nokwamukelwa esikhathini esizayo sokuvuna okuhle. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukulimaza umuthi okhulayo ngenkathi ukwakhiwa. Kuncike eminyakeni yobuciko bokutshala, amandla okukhula wezithombo ezincane kanye nesimo senxenye yendawo, izindlela zokwenza lolu hlelo zingase zihluke kancane.

Indlela yokwakha ikhasi eliphakathi kokutshala:

1. Abaneminyaka elilodwa abanesibindi esingaqondile ngaphandle kwamagatsha bancishiswe cishe cishe ngu-25% ukugqugquzela i-branching.
2. Esikhathini somqhubi ophakathi sizama ukususa amagatsha akhiwe ngaphansi kuka 30-40 cm.
3. Uma kukhona amahlumela ohlangothini lwepeyari, bese ushiya izingcezu ezingu-2-3.
4. Amagatsha angama-lateralate akufanele abe ngaphezu kwe-1/3 ubude bonyaka, ezama ukubeka iziqongo zawo ezingeni elilodwa.
5. Umqhubi futhi athuthukise ama-lateral twigs oneminyaka emibili ubudala ancishisiwe ngaphezu kwe-1/3.
6. Umqhubi ophakathi kufanele akhuphuke ngaphezu kwamagatsha ahlangothini nge-2-3 efihlekile ngokusho komthetho wokubambisana.
7. Ukukhula ngokuzenzekelayo "abancintisana" umqhubi wemoto.
8. Amahlumela amafutha endaweni engezansi yomqhele asuswa.

Kungani inzalo yepeyimu ikhula?

Kuyenzeka ukuthi ngisho nokukhathalela ukuthi imbewu ayikhulisi amapheya, ibukeka ibuthakathaka, ingangeni ekufakeni isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile imbangela yenkinga ukubunjwa komhlabathi okungalungile, okungafanelekile isitshalo esinikeziwe. Kunconywa ukuthi ufunde ukubunjwa kwalo bese uhlola i-acidity. Ama-pears adinga umhlabathi owenziwe ngokulinganisela ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okuncane. Uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze, khona-ke ukulima emagqumeni okufika kuyoba kufaneleka uma usebenzisa izimpande ezincane. Izimbangela ezilandelayo zokukhula ezimbi ziwumonakalo wenduku, ukuvimbela okuhle izifo nezinambuzane.

Ngonyaka owodwa ipeyara izithelo emva kokutshala?

Kulo mbuzo, emva kweminyaka eminingana i-pear ikhiqiza ngemuva kokutshala, kuncike ekunakekeleni, ezihlukahlukene zesitokisi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezisenyakatho imifino ihlushwa futhi iphoqeleka ukuba ichithe amandla ayo ekubuyiselweni kwesitshalo. Kukhona amapheya amnandi, kodwa ayenayo-fertilizer, kulokhu kufanele umuntu azame ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana ezifanele ukuze kuqiniswe impova.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezimila ezikhulayo ezidumile:

• Lada ;
• Rogneda;
• Sibiryachka;
• Uju;
• Inkumbulo Yakovlev;
• Chizhovskaya;
• Yuryevskaya;
• I-birch yiMoscow;
• Izikhali;
• I-Leven;
• Petrovskaya.