Ukutshala utamatisi ensikeni kuyindlela engcono yokutshala imbewu

Indlela eya elangeni elihle nelanga elimnandi elivela kumanyolo wezotamatisi elivela ensimini yakho liqala ngokutshala utamatisi ezinkolweni. Ukukhethwa ngokufanele ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, impahla enhle yembewu, inhlabathi enomsoco kanye nokuthanda izitshalo kuyoba yisiqinisekiso sokuvuna okuhle kakhulu kotamatisi.

Ukutshala imbewu yamatamatisi kwizithombo

Ukutshala izithombo zamatamatisi kunezigaba eziningana. Ukuhlukumeza kunoma yikuphi kubo kungaba uma kungabhubhisi isivuno, bese kuholela ekudakaleni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokutshala utamatisi kwizithombo:

1. Ukukhethwa kwembewu. Uma uthenga izinto ezihlukahlukene kufanelekile ukunikeza okuthandayo utamatisi, ukukhishwa noma ukuqoqwa endaweni enezimo ezifanayo zezulu. Kusukela kwimbewu yeqoqo lakho, kudingekile ukuba unqabe konke okuncane, ushiye imbewu yefomu elungile ngaphandle komonakalo wangaphandle.
2. Ukulungiselela imbewu. Usiza ukusheshisa ukuhluma nokwandisa ukumelana nezifo. Kufaka phakathi ukuhlunga, ukungasebenzi kahle, ukuqina nokugubha.
3. Ukulungiswa komhlaba. Ukutshala utamatisi for izithombo kungenziwa ukhiqizwa kokubili izithombo jikelele futhi in ingxube inhlabathi yokukhiqiza siqu. Kunoma yikuphi, inhlabathi kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphambili: ubhake kuhhavini (imizuzu engu-10-15, 180-200 ° C) noma i-microwave (1-2 imizuzu, 850 watts). Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi igcwala isisombululo se-potassium permanganate futhi ishiye ekamelweni elifudumele izinsuku eziyi-10-12 ukuze izinambuzane ezidingekayo ukuze utamatisi wezithombo zingene emhlabathini.
4. Ukukhethwa kwamandla. Ukutshala utamatisi ezitshalweni zizohambisana nokujula okulinganiselwe (cishe u-10 cm) weziqukathi ezivulekile ezinezingcingo ezinhle.
5. Izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa. Ukuze izithombo zihlakulele ngenkuthalo zidinga ukuzinikeza izinga eliphezulu lomswakama, ukuchelela njalo, ukukhanya okuhle (amahora angu-10-12 ngosuku), ukukhanyisa namazinga okushisa okungenani + 16 ° C ebusuku no + 25 ° C emini.

Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-utamatisi yokutshala izithombo

Ukuze uqinisekise ukulangazelela okukhulu futhi ukwandise ubungqabavu, ukwelashwa kwezinhlamvu zikatamatisi kusiza ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo:

1. Ukuhlunga. Uhlwanyela imbewu encane (eyomile). Kuphekwe kusuka ku-1 tbsp. i-spoonful of usawoti kanye nesilazi samanzi okufudumala isixazululo siphumelela imbewu, sishiye imizuzu engu-15, bese ususa konke okuzungeze phezulu. Zonke ezinye zigeza futhi zomiswe ukuze kusetshenziswe okuqhubekayo.
2. Ukukhishwa kanzima. Phezu kwembewu kungaphila izifo eziphilayo ezilimaza utamatisi igciwane kanye nezifo fungal. Zisuse ngokuhamba ngezinye zezinto ezilandelayo:

• ijusi le-aloe;
• isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate;
• isisombululo soda;
• "Phytosporin".

Isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi ngezihlumela

Isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi wezithombo sikhethwe ngesisekelo ukuthi kufanele sibe ensimini eneminyaka engu-45-50. Njengoba ihlelwe ngokwephula lo mthetho, utamatisi ngeke ulungiswe kancane emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ungavumeli ukuvuna okugcwele. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinsuku ezinhle zokutshala imbewu yamantathu ziwa phezu:

• 20.02-15.03 yezindawo eziseningizimu;
• 15.03-01.04 yezindawo eziphakathi;
• 01.04-15.04 ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.

Utamatisi - ukutshala ngezihlumela, izindlela

Isimpande sotamatisi kulula ukuphatha izilonda ezincane. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukukhetha ukuthi utamatisi uzotshalwa kanjani izithombo: eziyingqayizivele (ezitshalweni) ngokukhishwa okuqhubekayo, emakhasethi, izimbiza, amaphilisi we-peat kanye nemisipha. Ukutshala okulungile kwembewu ye-utamatisi yezithombo ngendlela yeklasikhi kwenziwa kanje:

1. Emithonjeni (ukujula oku-1 cm), imbewu ibeka ezinyathelweni zika-5-7 cm, ifafazwe phezulu ngenhlabathi enomanzi.
2. Izitshalo zihlanganiswe ne-greenhouse encane futhi zifakwa endaweni efudumele (+23 ... + 25 ° C).
3. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela, i-greenhouse iyashisa umoya nsuku zonke, kanti inhlabathi igcinwa esimweni esinomanzi (kodwa esingenamanzi).
4. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-1.5-2, indawo yokukhosela isusiwe, kanti izithombo ziphuziswa ngaphansi kwempande.

Ukutshala utamatisi ensikeni ku-cochlea

Gcina ngokucacile isikhala efasiteleni elisiza ukutshala utamatisi enkonzweni. Ikhiqizwa kanje:

1. Isisekelo (ifilimu ye-polyethylene noma i-laminate substrate) sinqunywe sibe yizicucu ezingu-10 cm no-1.5 ubude ubude.
2. Ngaphezulu kwesisekelo, izingxenye eziningana zephepha zangasese zibekiwe futhi zihanjiswe ngokugcwele esitokisini se-spray.
3. Beka imbewu enotamatisi elungiselelwe ephepheni ukuze ibe ngu-2 cm kusuka komunye wemiphetho ye-tape no-3-5 cm komunye nomunye.
4. Izitshalo zihlanganiswe nenye ingqimba yephepha futhi zithuthukiswa.
5. Isakhiwo sihlanganiswe ne-roll (cochlea), phansi kwetheyipu isakhiwe kusukela emaphethelweni angaphansi kwe-tape (i-tucked) futhi ifakwe kwisitsha esijulile.
6. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, i-cochlea iyabonakala futhi umhlabathi ungenwa phezu kwephepha bese ubuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala.
7. Ngezinsuku ezingu-10-14, izithombo ziphulwa kwizinkomishi ngabanye, zishiya izithombo ezibuthakathaka ku-cochlea ukuze zikhule.

Ukutshala utamatisi kwizithombo kumaphilisi e-peat

Ukukhula emgodini we-peat ocindezelekile kuvikela izimpande kumonakalo futhi kuhlinzekela impilo yomthengisi - asikho isidingo sokukhetha nokufakelwa kabusha. Izithombo ziyathuthela emhlabathini kanye nesitsha ( tablet ) lapho sikhula khona. Ukutshala utamatisi kumaphilisi e-peat kanje:

1. Emgodini phakathi kwethebhulethi (ububanzi obungama-4-6 cm), kubalwa isisindo esisodwa noma ezimbili.
2. Ithebhulethi ifakwe esitokisini sokudonsa ngemigodi yamanzi futhi ifakwe kahle.
3. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela, i-pallet ifakwa endaweni yokushisa encane (ehlanganiswe ne-polyethylene noma ingilazi).

Ukutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kwamaqoqo

Lahla ukuguqulwa kwesibindi ukusiza ukutshala imbewu yamatamatisi ngaphandle kokuhamba ngezinyawo :

1. Iziqukathi zomuntu ngamunye (amakhasethi, izimbiza) zigcwele inhlabathi nge-1/3.
2. Esikhathini ngasinye isitsha 3-4 izinhlamvu zibekwa futhi zifafazwe ungqimba elincane lomhlaba. Phezulu kwendawo yokuhlala yokuhlala futhi efakwe endaweni efudumele.
3. Njengoba ukukhula kukhula, izithombo ezibuthakathaka zihlonywe izikhathi eziningana (kunqunywe empande), futhi inhlabathi iyafafaza, ivuselele ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande.

Lapho imbewu yamatamatisi etshalwe emva kokutshala?

Isikhathi sokuvela kwembewu ye-utamatisi ngemuva kokutshala ngokuyinhloko sinqunywa yizimo zemvelo. Ekamelweni elinokushisa kwama-25 ° C le nqubo izothatha izinsuku ezingu-3-5, ngo-20 ° C ukukhula okuqala kuzovela emhlabathini ngosuku 7, nokupholisa ngo-10 ... + 12 ° C kuyophuza ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo futhi ngeke kuqhubeke ngaphambi kwe-12 -15 izinsuku. Konke lesi sikhathi, inhlabathi kumele igcinwe esimweni esinomanzi, kodwa esingesigodi.