I-arthroscopy yehlangothini lamadolo yinkqubo ethandwa kakhulu. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ukuphika isikhathi kuleso sikhathi futhi usheshe ukuwunqoba lesi sifo. Esikhathini esidlule, ukuhlinzwa okubuhlungu kwasetshenziswa ekuqedeni izinkinga zamadolo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, indlela yokwelapha le-pathologies ishintshile kakhulu.
Iyini i-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene?
Le nqubo yinkambiso yokuhlinzwa encane encane. Yenziwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile - i-arthroscope. Leyunithi ifakwe inaliti encane enekhamera ye-fiber optic. Isithombe sonke siboniswa. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yi-arthroscopy, udokotela uzokusiza, ngubani ozokutshela isiguli zonke izici zokuphathwa okunjalo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zale nqubo:
- ukuxilongwa;
- ukwelashwa.
Kuze kube manje, le nqubo ibhekwa ngokuthi "izinga legolide" ekulwa nokulondeka kwesimiso se-musculoskeletal. Le nqubo ayinazo izifanisi. Kunamathuba amaningi:
- I-invasive encane - inqubo eyenziwa nge-intrusion encane emgodleni wesigxobo esivumelwaneni;
- zonke izindlela zokusebenza ziyenziwa ngokunembile okukhulu;
- i-intra-articular cavity ayixhumani nemvelo yangaphandle engenawo oyinyumba;
- Phakathi nenqubo, amanzi okugeleza angenziwa ngasikhathi sinye;
- ngoba ukusebenza kwenziwa ngaphandle kokucubungula, isikhathi sokuziphatha kwayo sinciphise ihora, kanti okulandelayo ukuhlala esibhedlela - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-2-3;
- Asikho isidingo sokuvimbela unyawo isikhathi eside.
Kunezinselele kule ndlela:
- inqubo ayishibhile, ngoba yenziwa kwizinto ezibiza kakhulu;
- udokotela owenza lo msebenzi kumele abe ngumphathi ophezulu, ngoba ukuphazanyiswa kwedokotela ongenalwazi kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga.
I-arthroscopy yamadolo ahlangene - izinkomba
Ukudluliselwa kule nqubo kunikezwa yi-traumatologist, i-rheumatologist noma i-orthopedist. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-arthroscopy yamadolo ndawonye kunconywa ezimweni ezinjalo:
- nge- dislocation ;
- lapho ukugujwa kwamadolo kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka ukuqoqwa kwabantu abaningi;
- uma kunesidingo, i-biopsy yezicubu;
- esimweni lapho kudingwa khona ukujoyina okuhlangene;
- nge- arthritis ye-rheumatoid ;
- lapho ubuqotho be-meniscus buphukile;
- phambi komzimba wangaphandle emgodleni wegolo;
- esimweni se-hyperplasia engapheli emzimbeni wamafutha.
I-arthroscopy yokuxilonga yamadolo ahlangene
Le nqubo ibhekwa njengokufundisa. Ngiyambonga, isimo semadolo esihlangene sihlolwe ngaphakathi. Yonke imininingwane iboniswa kumqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. I-arnetic arthroscopy iyasiza ukuthola ulwazi olunjalo:
- inqume indawo yokutholakala kwamathambo;
- ukubikezela izinga lokusabalala kwalo;
- hlola kahle.
I-arthroscopy yokwelashwa
Le ndlela inconywa lapho ukwelashwa okudinga usizo lwezidakamizwa kungasebenzi. Isibonelo, i-arthroscopy yokugqoka yamadolo ehlangene imisiwe, ukuthengiswa kwe-meniscus kule ndaba kwenzeka ngezinkinga ezincane. Inqubo enjalo yokwelapha ibhekwa njengento engathandeki kakhulu: ngemuva kokuba i-seam encane ihlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuselelwa akulibalanga isikhathi eside. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, iziguli zibuyela ngokushesha endleleni yazo yokuphila.
I-Arthroscopy - ukuphikisana
Nakuba le nqubo inezinzuzo eziningi, kwezinye izimo kuyodingeka ishiywe. Isigwebo sokugcina ukuthi ngabe i-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene yenziwa udokotela emva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli. Konke okungahambisani nalokhu ekusetshenzisweni kwalenqubo kungabekwa ngokomzimba ngamaqembu amabili: okuphelele futhi okuhlobene. Okokuqala kufaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukuvuvukala okuhambisana nokubunjwa kwe-pus;
- i-fibrous noma ithambo i-ankylosis;
- isimo esibi sesiguli.
Ukuphikisana okuhlobene kuhlanganisa:
- amafractures of condyles;
- ukwephulwa kobuqotho bezishukela, ezitholakale eduze kwesigxobo esihlangene;
- hemarthrosis .
I-knee arthroscopy iyenziwa kanjani?
Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe ngendlela enjalo, isiguli kufanele silungiselele. I-Arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene inikeza ukuthi lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zizokwenziwa kusengaphambili:
- I-ECG yenziwa;
- Ukucindezelwa kwegazi kwakulinganiswa;
- isici sokuvala isinqunyiwe;
- I-X-ray yesifuba;
- I-MRI yamadolo ehlangene yenziwa;
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo kuhanjisiwe.
Ngobusuku kusihlwa sosuku lapho i-arthroscopy ye-knee-meniscus ehlangene isenziwa, isiguli sihlanzwa nge-enema. Ngaphambi kokulala, bamnika amaphilisi okulala esenzo sokukhanya. Futhi kusihlwa awukwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini. Ekuseni ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uhlambe izinwele zakho emadolweni. Inqubo ngokwayo ingathathi ngaphezu kwehora.
I-Arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene yenziwa kanje:
- Isiguli sigxile kuthebula lokusebenza (ngemuva). Amadolo okuzosebenza ngayo kufanele aguzwe engeni lika 90 ° futhi agcinwe ngamadivayisi akhethekile.
- Isikhumba sinqanyuliwe.
- Ukuze unciphise ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya emadolweni, i-tourniquet ifakwa ethangeni.
- I-anesthesia evezwe.
- Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza izinhlamvu ezingu-3-6 ubude ubude.
- I-arthroscope ifakwa emgodini. Udokotela uhlola ngokucophelela indawo ethintekile. Uma kunesidingo, iphoqa i-exudate, ihlanza i-cavity futhi isebenze yonke into edingekayo.
- Ngokwakheka, ithuluzi elifakiwe likhishwe.
- Endaweni ephathwayo, ama-bandage okucindezelayo ayinyumba asetshenziswa.
I-arthroscopy yamadolo ahlangene - i-anesthesia
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yezivivinyo ezithunyelwe ngaphambi kokusebenza futhi zibheke isikhathi sokusebenza okuzayo, i-anesthetist inquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela ye-anesthesia yokukhetha. I-anesthesia ene-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene ingaba kanje:
- Endaweni - inikeza injection engaphansi kwesidakamizwa sokubulala umzimba (i-Lidocaine, i-Novocaine noma i-Ultrakain). Ukungahleleki kwalendlela kuyisikhathi esifushane. I-anesthesia yendawo yenziwa uma i-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene ixilongwa.
- Umgogodla (ubizwa nangokuthi i-epidural) - isidakamizwa sijojowe nge-catheter endaweni yengqimba yomgogodla. Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ye-anesthesia yukuthi phakathi nokuhlinzwa udokotela uhlale exhumana nesiguli. Uma kunesidingo sokwandiswa kwe-anesthesia, lokhu kwenziwa nge-catheter yezokwelapha.
- Okujwayelekile - isetshenziswa kuphela ekwelapheni izifo ezimbi kakhulu.
I-arthroscopy yamadolo ahlangene
Izinkambo ezintathu zokuhlinzeka kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lezi zimpawu zimelelwa yi-arthroscopy - inqubo kanje:
- I-puncture yokuqala - ngokusebenzisa le mgodi emgodleni ohlangene, ikhamera yokukhanya ifakiwe. Le divayisi ixhunywe kumqapha lapho isithombe sithunyelwa khona.
- Ukukhishwa kwesibili kungukuthi umuthi ujova kanjani emgodini ohlangene (isb., I-Adrenaline, i-chloride ye-sodium). Lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokugaya ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa nokukhulisa isiteshi sokuhlola.
- Ukucubungula okwesithathu - kulokhu kungena esikhwameni senziwa ithuluzi elisebenzayo eliyinhloko.
I-arthroscopy yehlangothini lamadolo - emva kokuhlinzwa
Ekupheleni kwenkambiso, udokotela uzonikeza izincomo zesiguli mayelana nendlela yokuziphatha ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Landela izidingo zokuba ziqaphele. Lezi zincomo zibaluleke kakhulu njenge-arthroscopy eyenziwe ngendlela efanele, ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa. Ezimweni eziningi, zikhishwa ngosuku ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile kakhulu isiguli sishiywa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela ngezinsuku ezimbalwa.
I-Arthroscopy - izinkinga
Nakuba ukungenelela okunjalo kubhekwa njengendlela ephephile, kunengozi ukuthi kungase kube nemiphumela emibi ngemva kwayo. Ngokuvamile uqaphele izinkinga ezinjalo:
- Amadolo emva kwe-arthroscopy evuvuka;
- ukushisa komzimba kuphakama;
- kukhona ukungathandeki esifubeni (isiguli kunzima ukuphefumula);
- ngenxa yokutheleleka kwesilonda, i-arthritis iqala;
- izinkinga ezikhona ohlelweni lwezinsiza ziphawulwe;
- ukuhamba kwesibambisene kunzima;
- kukhona ukuchofoza ngenkathi ushayela;
- idolo libuhlungu kakhulu;
- kukhona i-hyperemia yesikhumba;
- hemarthrosis engavamile kakhulu.
Ubuhlungu ngemva kwe-arthroscopy yamadolo
Ukuzwa okunjalo okungakhululekile ngemva kokusebenza kuyinto evamile. Ezimweni eziningi, zimiswa ngezidakamizwa zokubulala umzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isiguli akufanele sikhathazeke futhi sikhathazeke ngokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma, ngemuva kwe-arthroscopy ye-meniscus, idolo libuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ama-painkillers anqunywe udokotela angasizi, usizo lwezokwelapha kufanele lufunwe ngokushesha. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwavela isisindo esibi se-postoperative. Ubuhlungu obuvame ukuphikisana buhambisana nezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukumboza imithwalo yegazi ngezindwangu zegazi (kwenzeka kwiziguli ezinokukhuluphala);
- i-arthritis ;
- ukuchazwa komfutho ohlangene, obangelwa umthwalo oqinile kakhulu emadolweni;
- i-hemarthrosis;
- i-algodystrophic syndrome;
- ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-rumen.
Ukuchofoza emadolweni emva kwe-arthroscopy
I-crunch ngesikhathi se-postoperative kubhekwa njengendlela evamile yokuphila. Izizathu zalo zilandelayo:
- E-articular cavity gas bubbles iqoqa;
- isiguli sinomsoco we-usawoti;
- kwakukhona ukunqwabelana kwemigqa ye-articular.
Uma idolo liguqa emva kwe-arthroscopy ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-4-5, lokhu kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-arthrosis. Ngalesi sifo, i-carticlage ye-articular iyancipha futhi ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kuyaphazanyiswa. Amadolo avuvuka, okwenyuka ukushisa kwendawo. Isikhumba kule ndawo sishisa futhi sithola umbala obomvu. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu.
Amadolo awagodli emva kwe-arthroscopy
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusebenza kule nkinga akukho lutho olwesabekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma i-knee arthroscopy ingaphenduli ngamadolo ngemva kwesonto, lokhu sekuyisibonakaliso sokuxwayisa. Izizathu zokuhamba okulinganiselwe zingaba:
- i-hemarthrosis;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-cicatrix postoperative;
- ukukhuluma komthamo ohlangene;
- i-algodystrophic syndrome.
Ukuvuselelwa emva kwe-arthroscopy yamadolo
Inqubo yokubuyisela iqala emahoreni wokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa. Ingahlala emavikini amathathu kuya ku-8. Khona-ke isiguli sibuyela empilweni egcwele. Ukubuyiselwa emva kwe-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene kuncishiswe ezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvimbela ukuqala kwenqubo yokuvuvukala, isiguli kufanele sithathe ama-antibiotic anqunywe udokotela.
- Gcina umlenze osebenzayo endaweni ephakanyisiwe. Iqhwa kufanele lisetshenziswe emadolweni. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuzonciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
- Kuyadingeka ukuba ugqoke zonke izinsuku ezingu-2-3.
- Ukuze unciphise isimo sesiguli, ukuthatha imithi yobuhlungu kuyadingeka.
- Kubalulekile ukukhipha umthwalo ohlangothini olusebenzayo lwegolo. Ungavuka ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokusebenza. Kulesi simo, ungakwazi ukuhambisa kuphela usebenzisa ama-crutches.
- Emasontweni amabili alandelayo ngemva kokusebenza, ukushayela kuvinjelwe!
- I-Arthroscopy ye-knee recovery ngemva kokuhlinzwa iyosheshisa ukwelapha umzimba.
- Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa, okugeza okushisayo akuvunyelwe. Kuyinto engavumelekile kanye ne-hypothermia.
- Ukuze ubuyisele izicubu ze-cartilage, ama-chondroprotectors kufanele athathwe.
I-LFK ngemuva kwe-arthroscopy ye-knee joint
I-gymnastics yokwelapha kusiza ukuqinisa imisipha futhi ijubane inqubo yokutakula. Ngaphambi kokuba uthuthuke emadolweni emva kwe-arthroscopy, udinga ukubonisana nochwepheshe. Ukulungiswa okungalungile kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-arthroscopy ye-knee ethintekayo ihlanganiswe, ukubuyiswa kunconywa ukuthi kuqale ngomthwalo omncane, ngokuyikhuphula kancane kancane. Ukuzivocavoca kungaba:
- ukucindezeleka kwemisipha yethanga;
- ukuphakanyiswa kwezinyawo;
- ukugcina isisindo;
- ukubhukuda;
- ukuhamba nokunye.