Abantu abanenkinga yokuhlalisana nabantu kanye nokujwayela ukujwayele ukuvame ukutholakala emphakathini. Zivame ukubhekwa njenge-eccentrics, psychopaths, hermits. Abaningi balaba bantu bangatholakala ukuthi bane-Asperger's syndrome, abaqanjwe ngodokotela wezingane abaqaphela lesi sifo ezinganeni phakathi nekhulu lama-20.
I-Asperger Syndrome - iyini?
Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, ingane isivele iyazi kahle imigomo yezenhlalakahle, ikhuluma nabangane kanye nabantu abadala. Izingane ezingahambisani kahle ngaphakathi kohlaka olusungulwe ngumphakathi, oluye lwashiya ngemuva kwamakhono emphakathini, kuthiwa lunokukhubazeka kuka-Asperger, iyini le syndrome - echazwa udokotela wezingane wase-Austrian nengqondo kwengqondo uHans Asperger. Wayebheka lokhu ukukhubazeka njengenye yezinhlobo ze-autism futhi ubizwa ngokuthi i-autistic psychopathy.
Ngo-1944, usosayensi wanakwa izingane ezineminyaka engama-6 kuya kwengu-18 ubudala, ezazingekho noma zinciphisa inzalo emphakathini. Esinye isici esihlukanisayo salezi zingane sasimpofu nesimo sengqondo ebusweni, okwakungacacile ukuthi ingane izwa sengathi ucabanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungabonakali ukubuyela emuva kwezingane ezinengqondo - ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwezingane kuyinto evamile noma ephakeme kakhulu.
I-Asperger's Syndrome - Izimbangela
Ngokwezibalo, ezikhulunywe emhlanganweni okhethekile wePhalamende laseYurophu nge-autism, cishe amaphesenti angu-1 abantu abhekana nezifo ze-autistic. Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Asperger syndrome, okuyingxenye yochungechunge yalezi zinkinga, ziye zahlolwa kahle, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezici - imvelo, i-biological, i-hormonal, njll, iholela ezinkingeni zobuchopho. Abaningi besosayensi banombono ofanayo wokuthi i-Asperger syndrome izuzwe njengefa, lokhu kuqinisekiswa yinani elikhulu lamaqiniso awaziwayo.
Ezingeni ezimbi, ezinethuba eliphakeme lokukhuphula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Asperger's syndrome, faka:
ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-intra-uterine kanye ne-perinatal;- ukuguqulwa kokuqala;
- ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa;
- imiphumela yokugoma;
- Ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo komzimba womama.
I-Asperger's Syndrome - Ukuziphatha Okucacile
Ukunquma i-Asperger syndrome ngokubukeka kungeke kwenzeke, umqondo wokuba khona kokungasebenzi kungase kubangelwe ukuziphatha okuthile komuntu. Abantu abane-Asperger's syndrome banephulwa kulesi triad esilandelayo:
- ukuxhumana;
- ukusebenzisana;
- umcabango.
Ngaphambi kwesifo, kunzima kumuntu ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nabanye abantu. Uthola kunzima:
- ukuqonda isimo somuntu ngezwi, isenzo noma isibonakaliso sobuso;
- qala noma ugcine ingxoxo ngokwanele;
- ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezitatimende ezingathí sina kanye nokuhlambalaza noma amahlaya;
- ukuhumusha ngokunembile izinkulumo ezingokomfanekiso, izifanekiselo;
- thola ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa isimo;
- silondoloze ubuhlobo bothando futhi wenze abangane.
Umuntu ubona onjalo njengomuntu ongaziwa futhi ongenangqondo, ongakwazi ukusebenza nabantu. Isibonelo, umuntu one-syndrome uyakwazi ukungazinaki imithetho yokuziphatha, ethinta isihloko esibuhlungu noma ukuhleka ngokweqile. Ukusabela okungalungile kwabanye kuzobangela isiguli ukuba sithinteke, kodwa ngeke nje siqonde izizathu zalokhu. Njengoba ubhekene nokungaqondi kahle izikhathi eziningi, umuntu onenkinga ye-autistic uyaxoshwa nakakhulu, ohlukanisiwe, engenandaba.
I-Asperger's Syndrome kuBantu abadala - Izimpawu
Ebhekene nobunzima emkhakheni womzwelo, abantu abanesifo se-Asperger's syndrome bathandana nezifundo ezisekelwe ku-algorithm ecacile kanye ne-logic. Ubuntu obunamandla kuzo zonke izinto bakhetha ukuhleleka nesistimu: balandela emgwaqeni ocacile kanye nokuhlelwa kwezikhathi, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka nokulibaziseka kubakhipha ngaphandle kwe-rut. Izenzo zokuzilibazisa zabantu abanjalo zinamandla kakhulu futhi zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside, isibonelo, umuntu onjalo angaba isimemezeli esiqhakazile (Bill Gates), umdlali we chess (Bobby Fisher).
Kumuntu onokuxilongwa nge-Asperger's Syndrome, izimpawu zesifo zihambisana njalo nezinzwa. Izinkinga ezizwakalayo kulesi siguli ziboniswa ekuziphatheni kwemisindo emisindweni, ukukhanya okukhulu, ukuhogela - noma yikuphi ukuvuselela okuqinile noma okungajwayelekile kungabangela intukuthelo, ukukhathazeka noma ubuhlungu. Ukuzwela okunomthelela ngokweqile kuholele ekutheni umuntu obhekana nobunzima bokuhamba ebumnyameni, isidingo sokugwema izithiyo, ukwenza umsebenzi ohambisana namakhono omuhle emoto.
Izimpawu ze-Asperger's Syndrome kwabesifazane
Ukuphulwa okugunyazayo kubonakala ngokuhlukile kuye ngokuthi ubulili bomuntu. I-Asperger syndrome yabesifazane ingasolwa yizibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- engahambisani nokubukeka kwayo - cishe engahlotshwanga, ukhetha i-hairstyle yemvelo nezambatho ezikhululekile;
- akanalo izintombi, aziqondi izinto ezithandwayo zokwesifazane;
- i-eccentric;
- ubonakala esemncane kakhulu;
- asikwazi ukunquma ngesimo sezocansi;
- amakhophi abanye ukuziphatha kwabantu;
- ivela eqinisweni kuya ezincwadini nakuma-movie;
- uzizwa ukhululekile kuphela ekhaya;
- ngokuvamile uzwa ukukhathazeka, ukuguquka kwemizwa;
- wenza izinyathelo ezihamba phambili, amasiko amasiko;
- ngokuvamile uthanda ukuzodwa;
- ayitholi indawo yayo empilweni futhi adale nomndeni.
Abesilisa abane-Asperger syndrome baziphathe kanjani?
Ngisho nangaphambi kokukhubazeka, umuntu uyakwazi ukufeza impumelelo enkulu ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, akavami ukunakwa abesifazane. Ukuqonda kanjani indoda ene-Asperger's syndrome kumuntu wesifazane:
- isifiso somsebenzi othize, ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhluleka ukusho izinto ezimnandi, ukushesha okusheshayo, ubugovu, isifiso sokuba yedwa - konke lokhu kubonakaliswa kwesifo;
- Amanga ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izinkinga ezizwakalayo - kungamanga ukuthi kugula ukugwema ukuya emabangeni abangala;
- Izingxoxo ezithukuthele mayelana nomsebenzi noma izinto zokuzilibazisa zifihla ukungakwazi ukuqhuba inkulumo encane;
- Izimpikiswano zemizi zivame ukuphakama ngenxa yobuzwe obuzwelayo - kungakhathali ukuphikisana, ukuyeka izingubo ngenxa yobunzima bayo;
- izinkinga zobulili zivela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemfundo efanele - ngokuvamile umuntu ufunda ngokuphila okuseduze kwevidiyo futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ekuphileni okuvamile konke kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo.
I-Asperger syndrome ezinganeni - izimpawu
Ukulungiswa kokuziphatha okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana kutholakala uma lezi zinkinga zikhonjisiwe ebuntwaneni. I-Asperger syndrome - izibonakaliso ezinganeni:
- ukuxuba, ukungathandi ukudlala imidlalo eselula;
- ukubunzima lapho kuqhutshwa izinto;
- ukwesaba izihambi;
- ukungabi yedwa ekuhlanganyeleni nezinye izingane;
- ukuthakazelisa ngomdlalo owodwa, ukuphikisana lapho uzama ukuphazamisa;
- okunamathiselwe okuqinile ekhaya nakubantwana.
I-Asperger's Syndrome - umehluko we-autism
Izifo ezimbili - I-Asperger's syndrome kanye ne-autism - inezici eziningi ezivamile, leli qiniso lingachazwa ukuthi isifo sokuqala sihlobo lwesibili. Kodwa banokuhlukana okuningi. Okuyisisekelo kakhulu ukuthi nge-Asperger's syndrome, umuntu uhlakaniphile ngokugcwele. Uyakwazi ukutadisha kahle, ukusebenza kahle, kodwa konke lokhu - ngokulungiswa okufanelekayo kokuziphatha.
Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha i-Asperger syndrome?
Imithi yokwelashwa okuphelele kwalesi sifo, kanye ne-autism, ayikho. Ukuphila ne-Asperger's syndrome kwakunokuthula ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi umuntu ogulayo angakwazi ukuzibonela ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe okukhulumisana. Ngaphezu kwe-psychotherapy, odokotela banquma izidakamizwa ezisizayo - izifo ze-neuroleptics, imithi ye-psychotropic, izikhuthazo. Usizo ekwelapheni lunganikezwa ngabantu abaseduze okufanele baphathe isiguli ngokunakekelwa okukhulu nokubekezela.
I-Asperger's Syndrome ne-Genius
Ukubonakaliswa kwalokhu kuphazamiseka kuthinta zonke izinqubo zengqondo, ukuziguqula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zibe ngcono. Ngalesi sifo, ingqondo ihlala iqinile, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa amakhono. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana ne-Asperger syndrome: ukufunda nokubhala kwemvelo, ikhono elihle lezembalo, ingqondo yokuhlaziya , njll. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, phakathi kwabantu abakhazimulayo kukhona abaningi abonisa izimpawu zalesi sifo.
I-Asperger syndrome - abantu abadumile
Izidumi ezine-syndrome ka-Asperger zitholakala emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kakhulu yesayensi, ibhizinisi, ubuciko, imidlalo:
- I-Asperger Syndrome - i-Einstein. Lo ososayensi ohlakaniphile wayenzima kakhulu. Waqala ukukhuluma sekwephuzile, akazange enze kahle esikoleni futhi wayefuna kuphela into eyodwa - isayensi.
- Isifo sika-Asperger sikaMark Zuckerberg. Umdali womunye wamanethiwekhi omphakathi adume kakhulu, kunezibonakaliso eziningi, phakathi kwabo - ukungabi nesithakazelo emibonweni yabanye.
- I-Asperger's Syndrome ku-Messi. Umdlali weBhola u-Lionel Messi ugxile ngokuphelele emdlalweni wakhe ozithandayo, ukulimaza ezinye izici zokuphila.
- I-Asperger Syndrome - i-Bill Gates. Ukuzizwa kwengqondo okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sohlelo, futhi uBill Gates unempawu eziningi - egxile ezintweni ezithandayo, ukuzama ukuhleleka, ukungafani nokulindela umphakathi.