I-Hemorrhagic syndrome (isikhumba-i-hemorrhagic syndrome) isifiso sokuqeda ukukhukhuka esikhumbeni nasezinkalweni zamangqamuzana. Kulesi simo, ukukhululwa kwegazi ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka ezitheni ezingaphazamiseki kungabonwa. I-syndrome ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko kwelinye noma izixhumanisi eziningi ze-hemostasis - uhlelo lomzimba oluqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwegazi esimweni segazi, okusiza ukumisa ukuphuma kwegazi nokuqeda ama-blood clots ayenzile imisebenzi yawo.
Izimbangela ze-hemorrhagic syndrome
Ngokuvamile, i-hemorrhagic syndrome iqala ngokumelene nesimo se-thrombocytopathy yesibili kanye ne-thrombocytopenia, ukungabi khona kwezici ze-prothrombin complex, i-thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, kanye ne-capillarotoxicosis. Kwezinye izimo, ukutholakala kwe-pathology kuhlotshaniswa nesifo sikaVergolf, i-hemophilia, ukungabi ne-prothrombin egazini.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hemorrhagic syndrome kungabuye kuhlolwe ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi ephakeme ephazamisa i-platelet aggregation kanye nenqubo yokweqa igazi (ama-antiaggregants nama-anticoagulants). Yilezi zinto ezikhathini zamuva yimbangela evamile yalesi sifo. Izici ze-Psychogenic nazo azifakiwe.
Izimpawu nezinhlobo ze-hemorrhagic syndrome
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwe-syndrome ukuphuma kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nobunzima obunzima nokukhuphuka kwesikhumba. Ukukhipha igazi kungenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo noma ngenxa yethonya lezici ezithile zangaphandle: ukwedlula ngokweqile ngokomzimba, i-hypothermia, i-trauma. Ukubonakala kwekhanda kuhluke ngokuhlukahluka, kungaba nesimo sezinhlamvu eziphazamisayo, izivunguvungu ezinde, ukuqubuzana nesifo somzimba se-ulcerous necrotic, njll.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-hemorrhagic syndrome. Ake sibhale futhi sibonise ngamunye wabo:
- I-Hematomic - iyinto ejwayelekile ye-hemophilia, ukungabi nalutho lwezinto zokugqoka. Kulesi simo, kunezifo ezinzima kakhulu emisipha, izicubu ezithambile namajoyina amakhulu, okuhambisana nokukhathazeka. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi ye-musculoskelet system ikhula kancane kancane.
- I-microcircular (i-petechial-ibonakale) - ekhonjiswe yi-hemorrhages engaphansi kwesikhumba, ukulimala okwenzeka ngengozi encane. Lezi zinhlobo zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe nge-thrombocytopathy, ukuntuleka kwe-fibrin, ukungabi nalutho okuzuzwa njengezici zokubamba.
- I-microcirculatory-hematoma (exutshwe) - ebonakala ngokubonakala kwamagciwane we-petechial-spotted and hematomas, lapho ukugoba khona kwamalunga kungavamile kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezixubile zikhonjelwa ngokuntuleka kwezici zokuvala, ukudlula ngokweqile kwama-anticoagulants, i-thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, isifo se-von Willebrand.
- I-Vasculitis-purple - ebonakala ngokubonakala kwe-hemorrhages ngendlela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kungenzeka ukuba ujoyine ukuphuma kwegazi kanye nokugoma emathunjini. Lolu hlobo lwe-hemorrhagic syndrome lwenzeka nge-vasculitis kanye ne-thrombocytopathy.
- I-Angiomatous - iyabonwa nge-telangiectasias, i-angiomas futhi ibonakala ngokuziphilisa okuphikisanayo ezindaweni zokuhlukunyezwa kwamathambo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hemorrhagic syndrome
Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kudingeka izifundo eziningi, phakathi kwazo:
- ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwegazi nomchamo;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-coagulation;
- funda inani leprothrombin ne-fibrinogen;
- ukubalwa kwamaplatelet egazini legazi, njll.
Ukwelashwa kwe-symmatic hemorrhagic
Izimiso zokwelapha iziguli ezine-hemorrhagic syndrome zithathwa yizimbangela ze-pathology, ubukhulu bezimpawu nezifo ezithinta izifo. Njengomthetho, imithi inqunywe ngokusetshenziswa kwevithamini K, i-hemostatics, i-ascorbic acid, njll. Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa ukugonywa kwe-plasma nezingxenye zegazi.