Emhlabeni, kunabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-1 abacindezelwa yi-high blood pressure. Kungaba kokubili isifo esizimele (isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu), nokubonakaliswa kwesifo somzimba (isisindo somfutho wegazi ophezulu).
Izimbangela zegazi eliphakeme
Izifo ezilandelayo zingabangela ukwanda kwegazi:
- i-endocrine;
- ukuqamba;
- isimiso senhliziyo;
- I-Neurogenic (nomonakalo we-CNS).
Izimbangela zokuvela komfutho wegazi ophezulu zingasebenza njengezici:
- indlela yokuphila yokuhlala;
- i-atherosclerosis ;
- utshwala nokubhema;
- ukwandisa usawoti;
- izakhi zofuzo.
Njengomthetho, ukucindezela ngaphezu kuka 140/70 mm Hg kubhekwa ukuthi kuphakanyisiwe. Ukunciphisa kukhona izidakamizwa eziningana zokulwa negciwane.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla
Zonke izidakamizwa ezithathelanayo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine.
Abavimbela
Lawa yizithunywa eziguqula umsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa. Lezi zihlanganisa izidakamizwa:
- I-Methyldopa;
- I-Clopheline;
- Isiqhingi;
- Okwedadin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sigaba sibandakanya izivimbela ze-ganglion, i-alpha-adrenoreceptor blockers kanye ne-beta-adrenoreceptor blockers. Umphumela wale mithi uhlose ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokukhipha inhliziyo kanye ne-tonus ye-vascular, okufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kokwephuthumayo ezinkanjeni eziphezulu futhi zijowe nge-intravenously imizuzu engu-5-6.
Vasodilators
Kusho, ikakhulukazi isenzo se-peripheral, okuhloswe ngaso ku-vasodilation. Lezi yizi:
- I-Apressin;
- I-nitroprusside ye-sodium;
- I-Minoxidil;
- I-Diazoxide.
Ama-agent anjalo asetshenziswa ezimweni zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo enomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
I-Diuretics
Lezi zimali zenzelwe ukuhlanza umzimba wesoti namanzi ngokusebenzisa izinso. Ngokunciphisa i- edema obangelwa ukunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi ngenxa yezinkinga ngesimiso senhliziyo, umthwalo enhliziyweni wehla. Bona, nabo, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Thiazide (Oxodolin, Saluretin, Hygroton);
- i-potassium-sparing (i-Amyloride, i-Spironolactor, i-Triamterene);
- loop (Bumetonid, Furosemide, Piretanid, Torasemide, ne-ethacrynic acid).
Lezi zidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhloswe ekunciphiseni ukucindezelwa.
Izidakamizwa ezibandakanyeka kakhulu
Imithi enjalo ithinta uhlelo lwe-renin-angiotensin. Lokhu kufaka:
- analogs zokwenziwa nokuncintisana kwe-angiotensin II (i-Saralazine);
- inhibitors ye-angiotensin-eguqula i-enzyme (i-Captopril).
Ukulungiswa kwesizukulwane esisha
Izidakamizwa ze-hypotensive zalesi sizukulwane esisha zihlangene amalungiselelo okuthatha isikhathi eside. Bahlanganisa imithi evela emaqenjini ahlukene kuthebhulethi eyodwa. Imithi enjalo ithathwa kanye ngosuku futhi ithathwa kalula kakhulu kunezidakamizwa zesikhashana, ezikhonjiswa lapho ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kunikezwa ngokucindezela okwandayo. Uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezithathelwana ngamanzi ezizukulwaneni ezintsha zagcwaliswa nge-Moxonidine (physiotherosis) yezidakamizwa. Lesi sidakamizwa asikho ngaphansi kwabaningi bokuqala abahlolwe isikhathi, kodwa sinemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi ibekezelela kahle umzimba ngaphandle kokubangela ukulutha.
Futhi, esinye isidakamizwa esisha esizukulwaneni esisha sibhekene nezivivinyo zokwelashwa - i-Aliskiren - i-inhibitor ye-renin, i-hormone eqondisa ukushintshaniswa kwamanzi kanye nama-electrolyte emzimbeni.
Njengoba ukwelashwa okufanelekile okhethwe ochwepheshe, akuyona into engafanele ukunamathela emithethweni ethile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke:
- Ukuhola indlela esebenzayo yokuphila.
- Hambisa okuningi.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kasawoti nokudla okusheshayo.
- Engeza emifino yakho yokudla ehlanzekile nezithelo zonyaka.
Iwusizo kakhulu ukusebenzisa:
- chokeberry;
- uju;
- umhluzi we-dill;
- ama-strawberries;
- utamatisi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukunakekela impilo kufanele kulethe injabulo futhi kube yinto evamile yokuphila.