Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo ezisuka ensimini yethu, amazambane anezitha zawo, okunciphisa isivuno semifino yezimpande: izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, izinhlamvu ezifungayo, amabhaktheriya namagciwane. Kuyinto eshibhile futhi kulula ukulwa nokuvimbela izifo zamazambane, kodwa uma isondlo sokuvimbela ingasizi, khona-ke izinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ziza ukusiza umthengisi wemifino. Ukuze ukhethe ngokufanele indlela yomzabalazo wokugcina isivuno esikhulu samazambane, udinga ukwazi ukuthi izifo ngokujwayelekile zingakwazi "ukuhlupheka" lesi sitshalo segadi. Kunezifo eziningi zamazambane, ezinye zazo ziyamangala njengoba zikhula emhlabathini, abanye zihlasela ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Izifo nezinambuzane zamazambane
Akuyona into eyingozi kakhulu amazambane owenzelwa wonke umuntu yi-Colorado beetle eyaziwayo. Yena nezimpungushe zakhe badla amaqabunga, ngisho namahlumela amancane amazambane. Ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, i-beetle yaseColorado inamaqanda angafika kuma-70, aphinde aqhubeke abe yi-larva ne-pupa. Ihlobo elishisayo likhuthaza ukuphindaphinda okukhethekile kwalesi sifo.
Isifo sama-tuberatta esilawulayo sibheka i-wireworm ehlala emhlabathini. Izimpungushe zaleli bhungane zidlula nge-tuber futhi zibangela ukubola kwayo. Ngenxa yombala okhanyayo le nkathazo ibonakala ngokucacile emhlabathini, ingaqoqwa ngesandla futhi ibhujiswe. Ungabeka izinhlanzi phakathi kwezincezu zeqathe namazambane phakathi kwemigqa. Lapho izinambuzane zibuthelela kuzo, iziqhenya ziqoqwe futhi zishiswe nge-diesel. I-wireworm ihlala kaningi phakathi kokusanhlamvu kokhukhu, ngakho-ke kumelwe sihlale silwa nalokhu ukhula. Ukulimala okukhulu kubangelwa i-wireworm ehlobo elomile. Ngakho ukuchelela amazambane, kanye nokwindla kokuqala kokumba umhlaba, kubalulekile izinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-fungal of amazambane yisilimala sekwephuzile, lapho amaqabunga, iziqu nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezithinteka ngayo. Emaqabunga amazambane avela izindawo ezincane eziluhlaza, okwenyuka kancane kancane esitshalweni sonke bese eholela ekufeni kwayo. Uma ngesikhathi sokuvuna amazambane lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zihlangana namaqabunga aphethwe yi-fungus kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokwazo. Esinye isifo se-fungus sama-tubatri nezilimo eziyizigaxa yi-phomosis, lapho isilonda esincane sibonakala khona kwi-tuber. Ngemuva kwalokho, iqhuma, ihlanganiswa ne-grey bloom, kanti i-tuber iyakwehliswa.
Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu sezilimo eziyizigaxa singumdlavuza wezambane. Ngaphandle, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezithintekile yilesi sifo zifana nekholifulawa futhi azifanelekile ukusetshenziswa. Uma ukutshala kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinamathele zamazambane.
Izifo zebhaktheriya zamazambane
Okulimaza kakhulu izifo zebhaktheriya zamazambane, njenge-rot rot, i-black stem stem kanye ne-bacteriosis emangcwabeni. Isitshalo esimnyama sesitshalo sithinta isitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi siholela ekufeni kwayo. Lesi sifo singathinta izilimo eziyizigaxa ezigcinwe noma zokutshala, okubola. I-Potato rot ijikeleza zonke izingxenye zalesi sitshalo, kanti ingxenye yendiza yoma, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zibola. Isifo esisha esisha kakhulu yi-bacteriosis emangcwabeni noma i-brown brown, ehlala emhlabathini. Kuhle kakhulu kunesimo sezulu esinomvula nesifudumele.
Izifo zamazambane ngesikhathi sokugcina
Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuvuna amazambane, khona-ke ukubola okumanzi kwenzeka kamuva - isikhumba sonakaliswe futhi inyama iyathuthuka. Lapho ugcina amazambane emiphongolweni engenawo umoya ophuthumayo, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyaqina, futhi zivele zibola ngokushesha. Futhi uma i-cellar ibanda kakhulu, njengomphumela wokuqandisa, i-pulp yamazambane iba mnandi kumnandi kanye nokubola.
Ukuze ugweme izifo ezinjalo zamazambane, kudingeka ukhethe ukuphikisana kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezifo, ukuvuna isivuno ngesikhathi bese uyigcina, ukugcina yonke imithetho nemigomo. Bese uqoqa "isinkwa sesibili" okwanele kwisitshalo esisha.