Izifo zengqondo ezweni lanamuhla azivamile futhi umkhuba wukuthi kukhona zonke izifo ezinama-syndromes ezingafundwa isayensi. Ukucindezeleka kokulinganisa, imikhuba engenampilo, ukuwohloka kwemvelo - zonke lezi zimbangela zezifo zomphefumulo ziyisisekelo seqhwa.
Ziyini izifo zengqondo?
Ukugula kwengqondo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi ukugula komphefumulo. Lezi zifo ziphikisana ngokuqondile nempilo yengqondo evamile kanye nokusebenza komuntu ngamunye. Inkambo yesifo ingase ibe lula, khona-ke umuntu angase abe khona emphakathini, ezimweni ezimbi - lowo muntu "uhlanzwa ngokuphelele". Ukugula kwengqondo okubi kakhulu (isifo sokuphuza, isithuthwane, ukuphuza utshwala esiteshini sokuqeda isisu) kuholela ekuziphatheni kwengqondo, lapho isiguli singalimaza yena nabanye.
Izinhlobo zokugula ngengqondo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo zengqondo kuhlinzekwa ngendlela yamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungapheli - kubangelwa izici zangaphakathi zokucindezeleka, ngokuvamile izifo zofuzo ( schizophrenia , ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ye-bipolar, isifo sika-Parkinson, isifo sengqondo esesimweni esibucayi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlobene neminyaka).
- Ukugula kwengqondo okungajwayelekile (ithonya lezinto zangaphandle - ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-craniocerebral, ukutheleleka okukhulu) - ingqondo eguqulekile, izinzwa, izinkinga zokuziphatha.
Izimbangela zokugula ngengqondo
Ukugula kwengqondo okuvame kakhulu sekuye kwacwaningwa ngabachwepheshe, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kuba nzima ukukhomba imbangela yalokhu noma ukuphambuka, kodwa ngokujwayelekile kunezinto eziningana zemvelo noma izingozi zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo:
- imvelo engalungile;
- ukufeza;
- ukukhulelwa okungaphumeleli;
- i-craniocerebral trauma;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane ebuntwaneni;
- i-neurointoxication;
- ukulimala okukhulu kwengqondo.
Ingabe ukugula kwengqondo kuzuze njengefa?
Ukugula okuningi kwengqondo kuzuzwe njengefa, kubonakala sengathi kuhlale kunesimo esithile, ikakhulukazi uma abazali bobabili benesifo sengqondo emndenini, noma oshade nabo ngokwabo bavulekile. Izifo zengqondo ezihlukumezekile:
- i-schizophrenia;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar;
- ukucindezeleka;
- isithuthwane;
- Isifo se-Alzheimer;
- isifo schizotypic.
Izimpawu zokugula kwengqondo
Ukutholakala kwezimpawu eziningana, kukuvumela ukuba usolise umuntu onenkinga nge-psyche, kodwa ukubonisana nokuhlolwa okusemandleni kanye nochwepheshe kungabonisa izici noma izici zobuntu. Izimpawu ezivamile zokugula kwengqondo:
- ukucubungula okubonakalayo nokubonwayo;
- i-Delirium;
- i-dromomania;
- isimo eside sokucindezeleka, ukugwema umphakathi;
- ukungahloniphi;
- ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala nezidakamizwa;
- ubuqili nokuqinisekiswa;
- isifiso sokwenza ukulimala ngokomzimba;
- ukuzenzekelayo;
- ukumisa;
- ukwephulwa kwentando.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo zengqondo
Izifo zengqondo - lesi sigaba sezifo, zidinga ukwelapha kwezokwelapha okungaphansi kunoma yiziphi izifo zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi kuphela ukukhethwa kwemithi efanele, noma i-psychotherapy esebenzayo, kusiza ukunciphisa ukubola komuntu ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbi zesifo schizophrenia, isithuthwane. Izifo ze-psyche, ukwelapha izidakamizwa:
- Ama-neuroleptics - anciphisa ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ukuhlukumezeka, ukucindezela (aminazine, sonapaks);
- ukuthula - ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka, ukuthuthukisa ubuthongo (fenozepam, buspirone);
- izidakamizwa - ukuvuselela izinqubo zengqondo, ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo (miracetol, ixel).
Hypnosis Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zengqondo
Izifo zengqondo ezivamile ziphathwa ngokungeziwe ngosizo lwe- hypnosis . Ukungahambi kahle kwe-hypnosis ukwelashwa ukuthi yilapho kuphela amaphesenti amancane iziguli ezigula ngengqondo ayingqondo. Kodwa kunezimo eziphumelelayo zokuphelisa isikhathi eside ngemva kokuqeda izikhathi eziningana ze-hypnosis, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezo zifo zengqondo njenge-schizophrenia kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo akunakuphulukiswa, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kuyisisekelo esikhulu, futhi i-hypnosis isiza ukuthola ezithombeni ezindala ezingenakuqhathaniswa futhi "ziphinde zibhale" inkambo yezenzakalo, okuzokwenza kube lula izibalo.
Ukukhubazeka kokugula ngengqondo
Ukungaqondakali kwengqondo kanye nezifo ezivimbela kakhulu umsebenzi womsebenzi womuntu, ukubuka kwakhe umhlaba kuyashintsha, kungena ngaphakathi kuye futhi kuhlaziywe. Isiguli asikwazi ukuphila ngokugcwele, ngakho kubalulekile ukucabangela ukhetho olunjengokukhubazeka kanye nokuqokwa kwezinzuzo. Ngabe iziphi izimo ukukhubazeka okumiselwe ukugula kwengqondo, uhlu:
- isithuthwane;
- i-schizophrenia;
- i-dementia;
- Isifo se-Alzheimer;
- Isifo sikaParkinson;
- i-dementia;
- isifo esibi kakhulu se-dissociative;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar.
Ukuvimbela ukugula kwengqondo
Izifo zengqondo noma izifo zanda kakhulu namuhla, ngakho-ke izinkinga zokuvimbela ziyaqhubeka ziphuthumayo. Izifo ezihlobene ne-psyche - yiziphi izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuthatha ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo noma ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa okubhubhisa kakade okuqhubekayo? I-Psychohygiene kanye nengqondo yengqondo iyisethi yemisebenzi ehlose ukusekela impilo yengqondo:
- inhlangano efanele, umsebenzi wokuphumula;
- imithwalo eyanele yengqondo;
- ukutholakala ngesikhathi esifanele sokucindezeleka, i-neurosis, ukukhathazeka;
- ukutadisha umndeni wabo;
- ukuhlela kokukhulelwa.
Ukugula okungavamile kwengqondo
Abantu abaningi abaye bezwa ngalezi zinkinga, kodwa kunezifo ezingavamile ezingqondweni ezingezona ezivamile:
- i-bibliomania - ukukhathazeka ngokuthengwa kwezincwadi ngumlobi othile kanye nokusakaza konke kwencwadi;
- fantasy ye-hysterical - isifiso esingalawuleki sokuqamba amanga, ubhala ngezindaba ezihlukene;
- i-coronary syndrome noma i-traction syndrome yesiguli - isiguli siyaqiniseka ukuthi izidalwa zakhe zobulili zingenakulinganiswa emzimbeni, futhi lapho ukufa kukhishwa ngokuphelele - umuntu uyayeka ukulala, ubukele ipeni;
- i-Delirium Kotara - umuntu onalesi sifo uqinisekile ukuthi ufile noma akakho, isiguli singase sibe nomuzwa wokuthi izitho zakhe zidiliza futhi inhliziyo ayishayi;
- i-prosopagnosia - umuntu uqondiswe emvelweni, kodwa akaqondi futhi akaqapheli ubuso bomuntu.
Izidalwa ezinezifo ezingqondweni
Ukuhlukumeza ukugula kwengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka okungaqondakali - ngoba izinkanyezi ziyabonakala, ukufihla izinto ezinjalo udumo akuyona into elula, futhi ngisho nabantu abathandekayo bakhetha ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngezinkinga zabo, bakhanga. Izidalwa ezinezinkinga ezehlukene ezingqondweni:
- I-Britney Spears . Ukuziphatha kanye nezenzo zikaBrithney "zathatha isisindo" azikhulunywanga ngaphandle kokuthi zivilapha. Imizamo yokuzibulala, ukuphunga ikhanda kwekhanda - konke lokhu kungumphumela wokucindezeleka kokuphuma kwe-postpartum ne-bipolar disorder personality.
- Amanda Bynes . Inkanyezi ebomvu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90. Ikhulu leminyaka elidlule lanyamalala ngokuzumayo ezikrinini. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu utshwala nezidakamizwa kwaba yinto yokuqala yokuthuthukisa isifo sokuzibulala.
- UDavid Beckham . Inkanyezi yebhola lezinyawo ibhekene nokuphazamiseka okuphoqelekile. KuDavide, ukuhleleka okucacile kubalulekile futhi uma indawo yezinto ishintshe endlini yakhe, lokhu kuvuselela i-alamu eqinile.
- Steven Fry . Umlobi we-English kusukela esemncane wayebhekene nokucindezeleka, umuzwa wokungabi nalutho, ezama ukuzibulala izikhathi eziningana, futhi kuphela ngo-30 ubudala, uSteven wathola ukuthi une-bipolar disorder.
- Herschel Walker . Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, umdlali webhola webhola laseMelika watholakala enesifo se-dissociative (ukuhlukaniswa) komuntu. UGerchel kusukela ebusheni wayezwa ubuntu obuthakathaka futhi engazange ahambe ngobuqili waqala ukuhlakulela ubuntu obunzima obuholayo obunobuntu.
Amafilimu ngokugula kwengqondo
Izihloko zokukhathazeka komuntu zihlala zithakazelisa futhi zifunwa yi-cinema. Izifo ze-neuropsychiatric zifana nemigqa yomphefumulo - izenzo, izisusa, izenzo, yini eshukumisa abantu abane-psychopathology? Amafilimu ngokungaqondakali kwengqondo:
- " Ingqondo Yemidlalo / Umqondo Omuhle ." Isazi sezibalo esihlakaniphile uJohn Forbes Nash ngokuzumayo siqala ukuziphatha ngendlela emangalisayo, sikhuluma ngefoni nge-agent ye-CIA engaqondakali, sibeka endaweni evumelwaneni yokubhala. Ngokushesha kuvela ukuthi ukuthintana ne-CIA yisithelo sikaMcabango kaJohane futhi izinto zithinta kakhulu - isifo schizophrenia esinezinto ezibukwayo nezibukwayo.
- « Isiqhingi sase-Damned / Shutter Island ». Isimo esibuhlungu sefilimu siyaqhubeka ekugcineni. Umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo u-Teddy Daniels nomlingani wakhe u-Chuck bafika esiqhingini saseShatter, lapho kunesibhedlela esingokwengqondo esikhethekile ekwelapheni iziguli ezikhukhumezekile kakhulu. Kusukela emtholampilo, uRachel Solando, umbulali wezingane, uyanyamalala futhi umsebenzi wezinsizakalo ukuphenya lokhu kushabalala, kodwa ngesikhathi uphenyo amademoni angaphakathi kaTeddy Daniels abonakala. Le filimu ibonisa ukukhishwa komuntu one-schizophrenia.
- " Ababulali Bokwemvelo ." Umbhangqwana odidekile kaMickey noMellory ohamba ngezinyawo ezidumbu ze-US ngemuva kwabo. Ifilimu ecasulayo ebonisa ukukhathazeka komuntu we-dissocial.
- " Ukukhangelwa Okubulalayo ." Yini engabangela ukukhathazeka okwesikhashana ngempelasonto nge-special, ekuhluphekeni komngcele wobuntu? Ukuphila kukaDan kuphelela emgwaqeni ngemuva kokukhashelwa: u-Alex okhangayo waba yindoda enamandla futhi esongela ukuzibulala uma uDan engazange ahambe naye, uyathumba indodana yakhe.
- " Ukuphila Okubili / Ukukhathazeka Emqondweni ." UMarta, umfelokazi onabantwana ababili, uhlala impilo ejwayelekile edolobheni elincane laseFrance, usebenzelana nezingane, ukulima futhi ubhala ukubuyekezwa komagazini. Yonke into ishintsha ebusuku, lapho uMarta ephonsa ephusheni - kukhona enye impilo ecacile, lapho iVamp Marti, inhloko yenhlangano yokubhala. Zombili izimpilo: izinto zangempela nezinto eziqhubekayo ephusheni ziyahlanganiswa, futhi uMarta akakwazi ukuhlukanisa lapho iqiniso likhona, nalapho iphupho likhona. I-heroine ihlushwa isifo se-dissociative ubuntu.