Ukuphila ngokugcwele, ukugcina ingculazi, ukwakha amangqamuzana nokuhlinzeka ngezinqubo eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, umzimba wethu udinga amino acid njalo. Uma umzimba udla amandla, ama-amino acids amaningi adinga. Umzimba wenziwa ama- amino acids wemvelo futhi uwamukela ngokudla. Kodwa-ke, imithwalo enamandla kakhulu, njengemidlalo yezemfundo, idinga konke okuyinkimbinkimbi yama-amino acid, ngesimo segazi ukuze kufinyeleleke kangcono.
Emvelweni, kunama-amino acids angama-20 ahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nezici ezihlukahlukene. Okuyaziwa kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwama-amino acid ukuze kungashintshi futhi kungenakwenzeka.
Ama-amino acidsable
Ama-amino acids anjalo, ayingxenye yamaprotheni, angena emzimbeni ngokudla futhi akhululwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza kwawo. Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:
- I-Alanine iyisakhi samathambo axhumeneyo aqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba esigcina amazinga kashukela egazi;
- i-glycine - iyingxenye ye-hemoglobin, ilawula izinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba, inomphumela wokuqeda, isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa;
- I-Glutamine ingenye ye-amino acids ejwayelekile, iqhaza emsebenzini wesimiso somzimba, ihlasela ukukhula kwemisipha, ikhuthaza umsebenzi wengqondo futhi iqinise inkumbulo;
- i-proline - ihileleke ekubunjweni kwezicubu ezixhumene nesisindo senhliziyo;
- i-serine - isekela ukuzivikela, ivuselele inkumbulo, ibambe iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwe-fatty acids;
- i-taurine - ihilelekile ekuseniweni nasekusabalazweni kwamafutha, ehlisa i-cholesterol;
- i-cystine - ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, kubaluleke kakhulu izipikili nezinwele.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-amino acids esikhundleni sitholakala emzimbeni ngesikhathi seprotheyini yokudla ukudla. Kodwa-ke, okwehlukile kwalolu hlobo lwama-amino acid ukuthi imvelo ingabumba kwezinye i-amino acid, ngaleyo ndlela yokwenza izinto ezikhona kakade.
Ama-amino acid abalulekile
Babizwa kanjalo, ngoba umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza amino acid ezinjalo ngokwawo. Ngokungafani nama-amino acids angaguquguqukayo, umzimba angakwazi ukwakha kusuka kwamanye ama-amino acids, ukungenakwenzeka kungena emzimbeni kuphela ngaphandle. Phakathi kwabo:
- i-histidine - esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-anemia kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, ihileleka ekukhiqizeni amaseli egazi abomvu namhlophe;
- i-isoleucine - i-amino acid esemqoka ekukhiqizeni i-hemoglobin, inikeza amandla omzimba futhi isiza ekubhekaneni nokusebenza ngokweqile;
- i-leucine - iphilisa, ikhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwamathambo, ivimbela ukwehla kwesiprotheni;
- i-methionine - ivuselela izicubu zesibindi nezinso, ihlisa i-cholesterol;
- i-lysine - iyasheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, ikhiqiza i-collagen, kanye namafomu okuthiwa i-vitamin C ama- L-carnitine - into ebangela ukuqoqwa kwamandla emisipha nokusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen.
Eqinisweni, i-molecule yamaprotheni ngokwayo iqukethe ama-amino acids futhi ayihlanganiswa nomzimba ngendlela ehlanzekile. Lapho iprotheyini ingena emzimbeni, ihlukaniswa zibe izingxenye futhi iqoqe amino acid edingekayo ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba.