Ngokwezibalo, umdlavuza womphimbo, izimpawu zazo ezivame ukufihliwe, zibheka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-70 amacala wegciwane lesilwane. Iqembu lezinhlekelele lakhiwa ngamadoda - ngeziguli ze-oncology, i-oncology iyatholakala kaningi. Inombolo yabantu abaphulukisiwe ngezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele i-60%.
Umdlavuza we-throat - kubangela
Umdlavuza womphimbo uhambisana nesilonda se-membrane emangcwabeni ye-larynx ne-pharynx. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kokubunjwa, i-foci iqala ukusabalalisa izicubu nezitho ezingomakhelwane. Izimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba nzima odokotela ukuba baqaphele okuthile okubangela okuthile. Phakathi kwezizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuchaza ukuthi yini engaba ngumdlavuza womphimbo, odokotela banamathuba okuba:
- basebenze ekukhiqizeni okulimazayo nokuvuthwa kwemifino eyingozi (ukukhiqizwa kwe-varnishes kanye nopende, amakhemikhali);
- ukwephula ukuhlanzeka komlomo;
- ukubhema;
- ukufeza;
- izicubu zekhanda, intamo;
- ukutholakala kwemisebe eqinile, ukugula kwemisebe ;
- ukudlula ukudla okusawoti nokubhema ekudleni, ukuntuleka kwemifino nezithelo.
Amathuba okuthuthukisa ukwelashwa okukhulisa kakhulu ukwanda kwezifo ezilandelayo:
- izinqubo ezingavamile zokuvuvukala kwephezu eliphezulu lokuphefumula ( pharyngitis , laryngitis, sinusitis);
- ama-cysts;
- i-fibromas;
- ukulimala kwentamo;
- i-papillomatosis .
Umdlavuza womphimbo uvela nini?
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sibhaliswe iziguli ezincane. Uma kutholakala umdlavuza womphimbo, iminyaka yeziguli ngokuvamile idlula iminyaka engama-60. Ngokwezibalo, lokhu kuhlasela kunesifo esithinta abantu kakhulu - ubulili obunamandla kaningi bubonisa ukucabangela kwe-nikotine nezinye imikhuba emibi ethinta impilo. Cishe zonke iziguli ezinezifo ezifanayo zokubhema zibheke noma ziye zaba ngaphansi komlutha we-nicotine isikhathi eside.
Izinhlobo Ze-Cancer Cancer
Ezimweni eziningi, i-throat ye-throat yemvelo embi ihlobene ne-squamous cell carcinoma emvelaphi yayo. Ngokwenkohlakalo ye-oncologists, amacala angaphezu kwama-95% akhona kule ndlela yokukhubazeka. Kuye ngezici zokuziphatha ezakhiweni zesisu, hlukanisa:
- neorogovevayuschy;
- i-keratinizing;
- umdlavuza ohlukanisa kakhulu.
Uhlobo lokuqala lubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu le-metastases. I-tumor ikhula ngokuqinile emathanjeni azungezile. Kwenzeka kaningi kunabanye futhi kufakwe endaweni engenhla ye-larynx. Umdlavuza womphimbo ongenamakhondomu, isithombe esinikezwe ngezansi ngenxa yokukhula okusebenzayo kuholela ekunciphiseni i-larynx, okwenza kube nokuphefumula nokuphefumula.
Umdlavuza onomdlavuza womphimbo, izimpawu zazo ezibizwa ngezansi, unenkambo encane futhi cishe ayifaki ama-metastases kwezinye izitho. Indawo oyintandokazi yentuthuko ye-tumor yizintambo zomculo. Ngendlela ehlukene kakhulu, ukubandakanyeka okusheshayo kwamathisheni enempilo kwinqubo yokugulisa umzimba kwenzeka. Umdlavuza onjalo womphimbo, izimpawu zazo ezibalwe ngezansi, kunzima ukuphatha.
Umdlavuza we-throat - zonke izimpawu
Izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo, isikhathi sokubukeka kwazo, ubukhulu bezimpawu kubangelwa ukutholakala kwemfundo ye-pathological. Ngakho, ngokunqotshwa kwezingxenye eziphezulu phakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala, iziguli ziqaphela ubuhlungu lapho zigwinya, ubuhlungu obude emqaleni. Njengesibonakaliso esengeziwe, odokotela babiza ubuhlungu emazinyo nokulahlekelwa kwabo.
Uma isikhumba sakha ezingxenyeni eziphansi, ngesifo se-larynx, iziguli ziqaphela ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezwi. Uma igebe lezwi livinjelwe, isiguli asikwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo. Ezimweni ezinzima, uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele, ubunzima bokuphefumula, i-asphyxia, okusongela impilo yesiguli kungenzeka.
Umdlavuza ononya - izimpawu zokuqala
Ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe kwezwi, ukuthukuthela, ukubandisa uma kungekho izifo ze-catarrhal nezivuthayo yizibonakaliso zokuqala zomdlavuza womphimbo. Njengoba kuqhubekela phambili, i- dysphagia - ukuzwa okubuhlungu lapho kugwinya ukudla namanzi. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kuncike ngokuqondile esigabeni somdlavuza womphimbo. Ukuntula ukwelashwa okufanele kuholela ekuthuthukeni kwesifo kanye nokubonakala kwezibonakaliso ezintsha:
- ukwandisa i-lymph nodes ;
- iphunga elifakwe emlonyeni;
- ukubonakala emanzini okungcola kwegazi;
- ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm;
- kunciphisa ubukhulu bokuzwa (kwezinye izimo).
Umdlavuza wesifo - isigaba 1
Uma isiguli siqala umdlavuza we-throat, izimpawu ezisekuqaleni kwe-pathology kungenzeka ukuthi azikho. Lapho uhlola lesi sifo, uhlobo lwesisu, odokotela banakekele lokhu:
- usayizi wesisu;
- ukuhamba kwezintambo zezwi;
- izibalo (inombolo, usayizi).
Indlela umdlavuza womphimbo ubheka ngayo kuxhomeke esiteji sesifo. Esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo siqala ukwanda ngokwevolumu futhi sitholakala ngaphezu kwe-larynx, izwi lihlala lingashintshi. Amaseli e-Cancer atholakala ku-glottis, kodwa imigqa isakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ubukhulu besisu buyingcosana - isifo esibuhlungu ngamamitha ambalwa ububanzi. Amaseli ase-apipical avela enkundleni yamangcwaba ye-larynx.
Umdlavuza wesifo - Isigaba 2
Esigabeni sesibili, umdlavuza womphimbo (izimpawu ezisezingeni lokuqala ungahle ungabi khona) uzizwakala ngokushintsha izwi. Inqubo ye-pathological ithatha i-larynx. E-epiglottis, odokotela bathola ukugxila okukodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-foci ye-pathology ivela ezinhlotsheni ezizungezile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunyakaza okujwayelekile kwezingcingo eziphazamisayo kuphazamiseka, okubangela izibonakaliso zezici: ukuthuka, ukuvutha. Kancane kancane, lesi sifo singasithatha ngokuphelele i-larynx, kodwa ayikho imishanguzo e-lymph nodes.
Umdlavuza wesifo - isigaba 3
Ngalesi sigaba, umdlavuza womphimbo, izimpawu nezimpawu zazo ezingafani nalabo okukhulunywe ngenhla, zibamba ngokuphelele izicubu ze-larynx nezizungezile. Izintambo ze-vocal ayikwazi ukuhamba ngokujwayelekile, ngakho ukulahlekelwa kwezwi okuphelele kwenzeka. Amaseli aphipical avela ngqo ezicukwaneni ze-larynx. Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, odokotela bathola i-lymph nodes evulekile entanyeni ohlangothini lwesisu. Ububanzi be-lymph node bungaba nobubanzi obuyi-3 cm.
Umdlavuza wesifo - isigaba 4
Njengoba isifo esinjalo se-oncological, njengomdlavuza womphimbo, isigaba sokugcina sesifo sihambisana nokunqotshwa okuphelele kwe-larynx ne-pharynx. Inqubo ye-pathological yaya emkhakheni wokuphefumula. I-tumor kanye nama-metastase ayo angasakazeka emathanjeni entanyeni, i-trachea, i-gland yegciwane, kwezinye izimo ukungenela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zesistimu yokugaya - kuthinta isifo. Ama-lymph nodes akhulisa kakhulu umthamo. Ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-6 cm. Lezi zinguquko ziphazamisa izinhlelo zokugaya nokuphefumula.
Umdlavuza wesifo - ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza womphimbo kuncike ekuhloleni okuphelele kwe-pharynx, larynx. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology zingatholakala nge-laryngoscopy. Le ndlela isisiza ukuhlola i-larynx ngosizo lwemishini ekhethekile - i-laryngoscope. Ngenkathi yenqubo, udokotela uhlola imisindo yomlomo, i-larynx, i-pharynx neyomlomo. Nge-laryngoscopy, kungenzeka ukuthatha isampula yamathambo ye-biopsy esilandelayo - isifundo sakhe esiyinkimbinkimbi esinquma ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukuhlushwa kwabo.
Ukuze kuhlolwe umdlavuza womphimbo, izimpawu zazo lapho kungase kube khona ukuhlolwa, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo ziyasetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe:
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe (CT);
- I-Ultrasound;
- imaging resonance imaging (MRI).
Umdlavuza we-throat - ukubikezela
Njengoba isifo esinjengomdlavuza womphimbo, zingaki iziguli eziphila - lo mbuzo uthanda iziguli kakhulu. Odokotela abanikeli impendulo engavamile. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxilonga namuhla akusivumeli ukuba sinqume ngokunembile ukuthi isivinini sizokhula kanjani, izicubu nezitho zizohileleka enkambweni yokugula.
Izibikezelo ezenziwe odokotela zisekelwe emininingwaneni yokubheka komtholampilo, ukuhlaziywa kwezhintsho ezenzeka neziguli eziphethwe umdlavuza womphimbo, izimpawu zazo ezingase ziguquke kwezinye izimo. Izici eziyinhloko ezicatshangwa odokotela ekuhloleni i-pathology yizi:
- isigaba sesisu;
- inani lomonakalo;
- inombolo yezitho ezithintekile;
- ukujula kokungena kwesisu;
- iminyaka yesiguli;
- inombolo ye-metastases.
Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha umdlavuza womphimbo?
Uma ukwelashwa komdlavuza womphimbo kuqalwa ngesikhathi sokuqala, amathuba okungafaki ukwelashwa mkhulu. Isisekelo sokwelashwa kungenela ukungenelela. Indlela yokusebenza, ivolumu yayo inqunywa ngokucabangela izici kanye nokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesifo. Imiphumela emihle ibonisa indlela yokukhishwa kwe-laser tumor ezinyathelweni zakuqala zomdlavuza. Ukungenelela kokusebenza kusetshenziselwa kaningi ngezigaba ezingu-1-2 zesifo. Endabeni yokugula, izigaba 3-4 zisebenzisa i-chemo- ne- radiotherapy . Lezi zindlela zinciphisa inqubo ye-tumor, zithuthukise impilo yonke yesiguli, zenze isikhathi eside.
Umdlavuza onomdlavuza - ukubikezelwa kokuphila
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, akekho ochwepheshe okwazi ukubikezela ukuthi ukuvuvukala komphimbo okulimazayo kuzoholela kanjani ekwelapheni noma kuzoqhubeka ngokuqiniseka, ngisho nangokwelashwa okwenziwe. Ochwepheshe bangacabanga kuphela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngesiguli, ngesisekelo sokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kanye nesimo sempilo yakhe. Kulesi simo, akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi umzimba ngamunye ungumuntu ngamunye, ngakho-ke ukwehlukana okuvela ekubikezelweni kungabonwa.
Uma ucabangela izibalo eziqoqiwe iminyaka eminingana, iziguli ezine-stage 1 yomdlavuza we-throat zihlala iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala ukuthi zikhona ngamacala angu-85%. Isilinganiso sokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu phakathi kweziguli ezine-stage 4 pathology ngu-20%. Isici esinqumayo singase sibe yi-laryngectomy - ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha izintambo zezwi. Lokhu kungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwandisa impilo yesiguli, kugweme ukusabalalisa kwesisu. Kodwa ngokusebenza, akuzona zonke iziguli ezivumelana nokusebenza kwayo.