Ukukhululeka kweTopiya kuhluke kakhulu, kuboniswa ngesimo sezintaba eziphakeme nezindawo eziqothileyo, amahlathi aminyene nemifula elinezimbali ezinamanzi. Ukuze ujwayele isimo sendawo kungenzeka emapaki kazwelonke, endaweni lapho izilwane zasendle eziyingqayizivele zihlala khona futhi zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zikhula, eziningi zazo zikhona.
Ukukhululeka kweTopiya kuhluke kakhulu, kuboniswa ngesimo sezintaba eziphakeme nezindawo eziqothileyo, amahlathi aminyene nemifula elinezimbali ezinamanzi. Ukuze ujwayele isimo sendawo kungenzeka emapaki kazwelonke, endaweni lapho izilwane zasendle eziyingqayizivele zihlala khona futhi zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zikhula, eziningi zazo zikhona.
Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zamaPhothiya aseTopiya
Kunezinqolobane eziningana zemvelo ezweni. Ezinye zazo zibalwe njengeSayithi leMagugu eNhlangano ye-UNESCO, ezinye ziyizindawo zokuvubukula. AmaPaki Kazwelonke Awaziwa kakhulu e-Ethiopia:
- I-Nechisar National Park - itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe endaweni ephakeme ye-1108 kuya ku-1650 m ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle. Indawo yonke yepaki kazwelonke ingamamitha angu-514 square. km, kanti indawo engaba ngu-15% yendawo inabantu abamachibi bama-Chamo nama-Abai, anemithombo yamanzi ebalulekile. Ngaphandle kwazo izidleke izinyoni ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ama-pelicans, ama-flaming, ama-storks, ama-kingfisher, ama-kestrels ase-steppe, ama-harrier nezinye izinyoni. Ezilwaneni zaseNechisar kuneziphazamiso zikaGrant, izimbongolo zeBurchell, izinkumbi, izingulube ezihlambalaza, izimpungushe zejack, izinkemba, izinkabi ze-anubis, izingwenya nama-bushboks. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona izinja ze-hyena, kodwa manje zibhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ezindaweni ezivikelwe zikhula izitshalo (Sesbania sesban kanye ne-Aeschynomene elaphroxylon), umfula iNayile, i-balanitis i-hepatite kanye ne-cattail-leaved cattail.
- I-Bale Mountains National Park - ipaki itholakala enkabeni ye-Ethiopia, esifundeni sase-Oromia. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu liphakeme ngamamitha angu-4,307 futhi libizwa ngeBatu Range. I-National Park yasungulwa ngo-1970 futhi ihlanganisa indawo yamamitha ayizi-2220 square. km, indawo yayo evezwa ngendlela yokwenza izintaba-mlilo, imifula, ama-alpine meadows, izindawo eziningi nezintaba zezintaba. Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezitshalo zihluka ngokuphakama. Endaweni evikelekile kukhona amahlathi ashisayo angenakunqotshwa, amahlathi amakhulu namathafa agcwele utshani obuhle. Kusuka ezilwaneni, izivakashi zingabona izimpungushe, iNyulov, izimpisi zaseTopiya, ama-antelopes, ama-kolubusov nama-Fox nezimpungushe, kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-160 zezinyoni. Abavakashi bazokwazi ukugibela lapha ngamahhashi, banqobe iziqongo zendawo noma bahambe ngezinyawo ezikhethekile.
- I-Awash (i-National Park Awasa) - ifaka phakathi kwe-Ethiopia emgodini wemifula i-Avash ne-Lady, eyenza imifula emangalisayo. I-National Park yavulwa ngo-1966 futhi ihlanganisa indawo engama-756 sq. Km. km. Insimu yayo igcwele i-savan enotshani nge-acacia grove futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili yi- Dire Dawa - I- Addis Ababa umgwaqo: ithafa lase-Illala-Saha kanye nesiqhingi saseCidu, esineziphethu ezishisayo namagxolo esundu. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-350 zezinyoni endaweni ephephile futhi kunezilwane ezincelisayo ezifana ne-kudu, ibhasi laseSomalia, i-East African oryx kanye ne-dikdiki. Lapha, kutholakala umhlathi womuntu wasendulo, owawuyindlela yesikhashana phakathi kwama-Australopithecines nabantu (Homo habilis noHomo rudolfensis). Ukutholakala kungaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-2,8 ubudala.
- I-Simien Mountains National Park - isendaweni yase-Amhara enyakatho ye-Ethiopia. Yasungulwa ngo-1969 futhi ihlanganisa indawo yamahektha angu-22 500. Ipaki kazwelonke yindawo ephakeme kunazo zonke yezwe, okuthiwa u- Ras Dashen futhi itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-4620 ngaphezu kolwandle. I-landscape iboniswa ngendlela yezintaba zasolwandle, ama-savanna, ama-desert kanye ne-Afro-Alpine izimila ezinezinkuni ezinjengesihlahla. Kusukela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo lapha kukhona izingwe, izimpungushe, izinkabi ezibuthekile, izingwe, i-serval kanye ne-Abyssinian imbuzi. Ungabona futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni zezilwane.
- I-Lake Tana (Ichibi Tana Biosphere Reserve) iyindawo yokugcina indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-biosphere reserve eyenzelwe ukuvikela indawo ehlukile futhi ivikele amagugu amasiko ezweni. Ngonyaka ka-2015, wanezelwa ohlwini lwezamagugu e-UNESCO. Ichibi lisendaweni ephakeme ye-1830 m enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia futhi ihlanganisa indawo engama-hektare angu-695.885. Imifula engu-50 igeleza emgodini, odume kakhulu kuwo yi-Upper Blue Nile . Esigodini kukhona iziqhingi ezincane, lapho zikhula khona izitshalo ezithintekayo zokwelapha kanye nezitshalo, kanye nezihlahla ezihlukahlukene nezihlahla. Kusukela kulezi zinyoni lapha ungabona ama-pelicans, ama-cranes amadevu namnyama, ama-parrots ase-long-winged nama-eagles-screamers, futhi kusukela ezilwaneni kukhona i-hippopotami, inhlanzeko ebonakalayo, i-antelope, i-porcupine, i-colobus ne-genetta yekati. Emiphthonini ye-hieroglyphic eyakhelwe ogwini, kubhekwa njengenkulu kuleli zwekazi.
- I-Abidjatta-Shalla National Park - igama layo linikezwe epaki kazwelonke ngenxa yemifula emibili yegama elifanayo, esigodini esitholakala kuyo. Indawo yokugcina indawo yamemezelwa ngo-1974, indawo yonke ingamamitha angu-514 square. km. Le ndawo yaziwa ngamanzi ashisayo ngamanzi amaminerali nendawo ezungezile, lapho i-acacia ikhula khona. Lapha kuphila izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-antelope, izinkawu, ama-hyenas, ama-pelicans, amaconsi nama-pink flamingos. Njengamanje, iningi le-Abidzhat Shala lihanjiswe ngabakwa-Ethiopia abahlukumezi, bayalusa izinkomo endaweni yokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
- I-Mago (National Park) - le ndawo idumile ngoba inemfucumfucu eyingozi eyithwala isifo sokulala, futhi inonya kakhulu kwezizwe zaseTopiya , okuthiwa u- Mursi . Unabantu abangaphezu kuka-6 000 abahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni uju, ukuzaliswa kwezinkomo kanye nokulima. Ukuhamba ngepaki kungaba kuphela kwi-jeep evaliwe, ehambisana nama-scouts ahlomile. Izwe lemvelo likaMago lendabuko ye-Afrika, umhlaba umelelwa yimifula nezintaba. Lapha, ama-girafes, ama-antelopes, ama-rhinoceroses nama-crocodiles.
- I-Gambella (i-Gambella National Park) - enye yezindawo ezikhangayo kakhulu ze-Ethiopia. Yasungulwa ngo-1973 futhi ihlanganisa indawo yamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5,061. km, egcwele ama-shrub grove, amahlathi, amaxhaphozi nezindawo ezimanzi. Lapha kunezinhlobo ezingu-69 zezilwane ezincelisayo: izinkumbi, imilaya, ama-cheetah, ama-zebra, ama-hyenas, izingwe, izindlovu, amavubu, izinkabi nezinye izilwane zase-Afrika. Futhi eGambelini, kunezinhlobo ezingu-327 zezinyoni (abadlayo bee-green, i-long-tailed paradise haidai, i-stork-marabou), izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nezinhlanzi. Endaweni evikelekile ikhula izinhlobo ezingu-493 zezitshalo, kodwa zibhujiswa njalo izakhamuzi zendawo. Kuleli zwe, abantu base-Aboriginal bahlwanyela izitshalo, badla imfuyo futhi bazingela izilwane zasendle.
- I-Omo (i-Omo National Park) - itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe eduze komfula wegama elifanayo futhi ibhekwa njengekhadi elivakashelayo lezinsuku zokuqala zaseTopiya. Kule ndawo, abavubukuli baye bathola izinsalela zasendulo zeHomo sapiens emhlabeni. Unyaka wabo udlula iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingu-195. I-National Park iyindawo yokuHlala kweNarha ye-UNESCO. Kusuka ezilwaneni e-Omo kukhona izindlovu, ama-cheetah, ama-buffalo, ama-antelopes namasirayi. Futhi lapha abamele abaphilayo bezwe likaSuri, uMursi, uDizi, Meen noNangaton.
- I-Yangudi Rassa National Park - inendawo engama-4730 square meters. km futhi itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe. Emkhakheni weNational Park kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezilwa nempi: Issa nama-Afars. Ukuphathwa kwalesi sikhungo kusebenza njalo ekulawulweni kwemibango. Lapha kunezinhlobo ezingu-36 zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo ezingu-200 zezinyoni.