Qinisekisa noma uphikise ukukhula kwe-neoplasm eyingozi emkhakheni wokugaya, kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwelashwa kuvumela i-REA. Le glycoprotein nayo ikhiqizwa kubantu abadala abanempilo, kodwa ngemali encane. Ngokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza, lesi sakhi samaprotheni-carbohydrate sidlula imikhawulo yemingcele eqinisiwe.
Yini okushiwo yi-CEA noma i-CEA oncomarker?
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi zombili lezi zifinyezo zibhekisela ku-glycoprotein efanayo. Isiphetho se-CEA kuphela esivela kwi-English Carcinoembryonic Antigen (i-carcinoembryonic antigen), futhi i-CEA ihlonishwa njenge-antigen-embryonic antigen. Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus, ikomidi elicatshangelwayo likhiqizwa ngenkuthalo yizingxenye zomuthi wamathumbu, kuyadingeka ukugqugquzela nokuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli. Inhloso ngisho nenani elincane laleli qembu labadala kubantu abangekho okwamanje.
Uyini umbukiso we-ECA oncomarker?
I-glycoprotein echazwe ngenhloso yokuhlolisisa ezinye izicubu ezimbi, ngokuvamile izicubu zezinambuzane ezinkulu nezigubhu.
Noma kunjalo, i-CEA yomdlavuza womdlavuza noma i-antigen-embryonic antigen ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengekhampani eqondile, ngoba ukuhlushwa kwayo kungakhula ngisho nasezintweni ezingezona ezenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, i-CEA ikhuphuka esimweni sokuqhubeka kwezinqubo ezizimele nokuvuvukala ezithombeni zangaphakathi.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA kunqunywe ukuxilongwa kokuqala kokuhlukana komdlavuza wekolon noma umdlavuza we-rectal, njengoba lokhu kuvivinywa kunomzwelo ophezulu kulezi zindlela ezibuhlungu ezibuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo singasetshenziswa njengesiqiniseko esengeziwe samathumbu esiswini, amaphaphu, ubisi nama-pancreas, i-prostate, ama-ovaries, kanye nokutholakala kwamathambo emathambo nesibindi.
I-oncologists ivame ukuphakamisa ukunikezwa kwegazi njalo kwi-CEA uphawu lwesifo somdlavuza uma isiguli sesivele sithola ukwelashwa noma senze ukwelashwa ukususa lesi sifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlushwa kwe-protein-carbohydrate isakhi sizobonisa ukuthi indlela ekhethwe ngayo yokwelashwa iphumelele kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubuyela emuva kwalesi sifo kungenzeka.
I-Norm ye-onomarker REA
Ngomuntu onempilo, inani le-glycoprotein CEA akufanele lidlule i-3.8-4 ng / ml igazi. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa, ophakathi kwale migqa, ubonisa ingozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa isisu somdlavuza.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA akukhathaleli kwezinye izicubu ezingaphandle kwamathambo.
Kungani i-CEA oncomarker ingakhuthazwa?
Ukuhlushwa okukhulayo kwe-protein-carbohydrate i-REA kubonakala ezinhlakeni ezimbi zezinhlaka ezinjalo:
- i-rectum;
- emathunjini amakhulu;
- isisu;
- i-mammary gland;
- amaphaphu;
- i-pancreas;
- izidakamizwa ezinqeni zesibindi namathambo.
Kukhona nezizathu ezingezona ezenzelwe ukwandisa i-CEA:
- i-ulcerative colitis;
- i-hepatitis engapheli;
- isifo sofuba;
- i-pancreatitis;
- i-bronchitis;
- i-cirrhosis yesibindi;
- i-cystic fibrosis;
- i-polyps e-rectum noma emathunjini amakhulu;
- Isifo sikaCrohn;
- i-pneumonia;
- i-autoimmune pathologies;
- emphysema yamaphaphu ;
- ukungasebenzi kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyuka okuncane kokuhlushwa komdlavuza embryonic antigen kubonakala kubantu ababhemayo. Kubo, ngisho nezindinganiso zokujwayelekile ze-CEA zishintshiwe kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-5.5 ng / ml. Izinkomba ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa labo abahlukumeza utshwala obuqinile obudakwa izidakamizwa.