Embuzweni wokuthi ungadonsa kanjani utamatisi kahle, kunezinto eziningi eziyingozi kakhulu - ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi eyikhwalithi, ukucinga amandla afanelekayo, ikhono lokunquma isikhathi salokhu kusebenza, ukuhambisana nokushisa nomswakama. Ukunganaki le nqubo kuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwezithombo eziwusizo.
Kulungile kanjani ukudonsa utamatisi?
Ngenxa yokulondoloza isikhala nezinkinga zamanzi, akunakwenzeka njalo ukuhlwanyela isiko ledimu ngqo esitsheni esinomsindo we-500ml. Ekuqaleni, amahlumela amancane athuthuka kahle ezinkomishi ezincane noma ezidwebeni ezibanzi. Njengoba indawo yokukhula esitsheni esincane inciphile, izimpande zidilizwa, ukuncintisana kokuswakama, izinto ezilula neziwusizo ziqala. Ukuthatha utamatisi ngokufanele kukuvumela ukuba ugweme ukubonakala kwezifo ezingathandeki, kushukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo esinamandla, izimpande ezinamandla.
Kusho ukuthini ukukhetha izithombo zamatamatisi?
Umqondo wokukhetha okufaneleko kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kusho ukuthi inqubo yokuvuselela uhlelo lwempande nge-prischipki empande impande yomgogodla ngokutshala okutshalwe izitshalo emhlabathini. Igama lomsebenzi lalingenxa yegama lesiFulentshi elithi "pique", isikhulu esicacile sisiza ukutshala ihlumela elincane elincane kancane emhlabathini. Ukufunda umbuzo othi kungani ukhetha izithombo zezotamatisi, kusho ukuthi lokhu kukhishwa ukutshala ngokucophelela kwezithombo ezihluma zibe isitsha esisha ukuze kuqiniswe futhi kwandiswe indawo yokudla.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuba udilize izithombo zamatamatisi?
Phakathi kwabalimi bezitshalo nabalwazi, akuyona into engavamile kulezi zigcawu ukuphikisana ngokusebenza kahle kwalokhu kusebenza. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha futhi ungalahlekelwa izithombo, kudingeka wazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi utamatisi ezihambayo ekukhuleni kwekhaya:
- Zama ukwenza utamatisi, uhlwanyelwe ebhokisini elivamile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpande zabo zihlangene, okuholela ekutheni kungondleki kahle nokukhula okusheshayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba izitshalo zishintshe ukushisa noma ukulima.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uzijwayele ubuchwepheshe bomsebenzi, ukuthi ungadonsa kanjani utamatisi ngokufanele, uma ufuna ukuthola izithombo ezinezimpande ezinamandla nezimpande zamuva.
- Lapho kuhlwanyela, ukukhethwa okulungile kusiza ekunciphiseni amahlumela abuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuqala.
- Uma kukhona ukutheleleka ebhokisini, khona-ke kufanele uhambise ngokushesha utamatisi enhlabathini entsha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezithombo ezisele eziseleyo.
- Ukushayela utamatisi kahle kudingekile ukuvimbela ukunwetshwa kwamahlumela nokuphuma kwawo.
Ungakhetha nini utamatisi nini?
Isikhathi sokuhluma kwezithombo zotamatisi sincike esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo. Esikhathini seqabunga lamaqabunga e-cotyledonous, amahlumela amancane adlulisa lokhu kukhwabanisa okubi nakakhulu, kuvunyelwe ukukwenza ezimweni ezihlukile, uma kukhona usongo lokufa utamatisi ngenxa yokutheleleka ngomlenze omnyama . Kulungile ukwenza ukhetho esiteji sokubunjwa kwe-2-3 kwalesi shidi, ukulibaziseka kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwesibalo, ukusongela izimpande nezinye izinkinga.
Imithetho yokukhipha izithombo zamatamatisi
Kubalulekile ukutadisha imithetho yokukhetha utamatisi ukulungiselela kahle lokhu ukuphathwa okubalulekile nokubaluleka. Kulesi simo, kunezinombolo eziningana ezingathinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezalandela. Ngokunganakwa kulula ukulimaza izithombo noma ukuvimbela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwazo. Nazi ezinye izici zenqubo, indlela yokuhambisa kahle utamatisi ekhaya:
- Sinqabela utamatisi, ophansi, wezotamatisi ophukile nobuthakathaka.
- Ukuchelela kahle komhlaba ngesikhathi sokuqoqa kwenza kube lula futhi kusize ukwenza lo msebenzi ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu ezimpandeni ezibuthakathaka.
- Emsebenzini kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-sovochk, i-scapula noma ezinye izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokukhipha kanye nokudlulisa utamatisi.
- Ukujulisa utamatisi ngaphezu kwendawo yokukhula kungamisa ukuthuthukiswa noma kuphuze kakhulu.
- Ukuziqhathanisa nokuqhathanisa okufaneleko kulimaza utamatisi, izitshalo ezincane zihluma emhlabathini omusha ngokushesha.
- Ngisho nokukhetha ngokufanele ekuqaleni kubangele ukushaqeka, utamatisi ugule izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-2-3, akuyona into efiselekayo yokusebenzisa umanyolo obunzima phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokudla.
- Uma usufaka kabusha umhlaba, cindezela phansi iminwe yakho ukuze ususe ama-voids futhi uqinise ukuxhumana kwe-substrate enezakhi nezimpande.
- Uma kufanele uyenze lo msebenzi, ungayidonsa kanjani utamatisi kahle ekhaya elibhebhethekile, ngakho-ke kulula ukwenza lokhu ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe ekujuleni okudingekayo.
- Ukuqothulwa kwempande ephakathi kulungele isimo sezulu esiphuthumayo nesipholisayo, kulokhu isistimu yezinto ezingaphansi kwesimo semvelo isuke esingaphansi komswakama obuningi nemvula. Ezindaweni ezishisayo kuyasiza ukuba nezitshalo ezinezimpande ezigxile ezijulile.
Izindlela zokukhetha utamatisi
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola izithombo, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzikhethela futhi ufunde kahle indlela engcono yokukhetha utamatisi. Ukukhetha okusemandleni kuncike ezimweni ezithile zokutshala amasenti. Izinguquko ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhethwa okulungile zenzelwe futhi zisetshenziswe kabanzi yizicukuthwane:
- Ukuguqulwa kwamatamatisi kusuka kumthamo omncane kuya kwisitsha esikhulu. Le ndlela ifaneleka ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ezinkomishi futhi ivumela izimpande ezilimazayo. Ukuze uthumele kalula utamatisi kalula kulesi sitsha futhi ungaqhubeki, udinga ukuwomisa ngaphambili.
- Ukutshala i-tomato - kuyenzeka lapho kukhula izithombo ngesikhathi sokuqala emabhokisini avamile. Ukuze izitshalo zidlulisele lolu hlelo ngendlela engenabuhlungu futhi ngokushesha luye ekukhuleni, kuyinto efiselekayo ekudluliseni kahle futhi ngokucophelela amahlumela esitsheni esisha ngenhla encane. Ukumboza ngenduku, i-skewer, i-toothpick noma nje umunwe.
Ngamiphi umthamo onamathemikhali angafakwa?
Uma uhlela, lapho izibuko zokudonsa utamatisi, kubalulekile ukucabangela ubukhulu bawo ngendlela efanele. Iziqukathi ezinkulu zezitshalo ezincane azikhambi nesisombululo esihle, izimpande ezincane azinawo isikhathi sokwenza ngokushesha isikhala, okuholela emhlabeni ukugoba nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Ukuze izithombo ezincane, kuyoba okulungile kuqala ukuthatha izibuko ku-100 - 150 ml. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-15, uma kunesidingo, umlimi wemifino uthola ngokuphindaphindiwe itanki le-500ml.
I-Primer ye-pickling izithombo ze-utamatisi
Uma usebenza ne-batch encane yezitshalo ungathenga isisekelo sokubamba utamatisi, kodwa ngokuvamile abalimi bayakwenza ngokwabo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uphilisa i-fungicides - ama-manganese, i-Phytosporin namanye amalungiselelo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Emhlabeni we-acidic, sethula isikhuni esincane sokhuni. Nansi iresiphi elula yenhlabathi ezitholakala ezithako ezitholakalayo, ezizohambisana namatamatisi amancane:
- 1 ingxenye yomhlaba wensimu;
- Ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus engaphezulu kakhulu;
- cishe izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat;
- 1/2 ingxenye ye-sieved river sand.
Ngabe ukujula utamatisi kukujula kangakanani?
Kudingeka ukwazi kahle lapho ukhetha utamatisi - indlela yokusika kahle amahlumela phakathi nalokhu kusebenza. Senza umgodi emhlabathini ngomunwe noma idivayisi futhi sidlulisele imbewu yethu nge-clod yenhlabathi. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcwalise isiqu nomhlabathi cishe ezingeni lama-cotyledons, ngakho-ke singakwazi ukuqinisa ukubunjwa kwezimpande ezitshalweni zethu. Ukutshala phansi ngalesi sigaba akukhuthazwa, ukungcwatshwa ngokuqinile kuvame ukuholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula.
Ukunakekela izithombo zikatamatisi emva kokukhetha
Kubalulekile ukuba imifino e-amateur ikwazi ukujwayela utamatisi ngokufanele emva kokukhetha ilanga, ukuwondla, ukuwahambisa. Kunconywa ukuba ugcine ubeka ipenumbra ekushiseni kwansuku zonke kuze kufike ku-22 ° C, bese usethe ukukhanya okuphezulu bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-20 ° C. Kuseduze kuze kube usuku lokufakelwa kabusha emhlabathini, siqala ukukhiqiza izitshalo ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Akuvunyelwe ukwenza lesi sinyathelo ngokuqinile ukuze kungabangeli ukushisa okukhulu noma ukufa kwetamatisi. Kancane kancane ukhiphe amabhokisi ngaphansi kwemisebe evulekile, uwashiye okokuqala imizuzu engu-30, bese isikhathi sokuhlala phansi kwelanga ukwandisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezithombo zamatamatisi
Qala ukwenza izingxenye zamaminerali ngokushesha emva kokufakelwa kokufakelwa kwisitsha esisha ngeke kube khona. Ukugqoka phezulu utamatisi emva kokukhetha kuthatha okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10, uma kuvame ukugxila. Lesi senzo sihlangene nokuchelela okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umphumela omuhle ukusetshenziswa kwe- nitrofoski , ngomsebenzi odinga ukuchitha kahle isipuni salolu lungiselelo oluyinkimbinkimbi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukusetshenziswa okulandelayo kwalomanyolo kwenziwa ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili. Nansi iresiphi elula yokwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamatamatisi uma ubala ibhakede lamanzi ahlanzekile:
- sulfate potassium - kufika ku-12 g;
- superphosphate - 35 g;
- urea - 4 g.
Ungamanzi kanjani izithombo zamatamatisi?
Umswakama ngokweqile njalo ulimaza utamatisi futhi kuholela ekuthuthukiseni ngokushesha izifo eziyingozi. Ukuthambisa okufanelekile utamatisi emva kokukhetha kukwenziwa njalo, kodwa ngokukhululekile. Senza isiqiniseko sokuthi umhlabathi usomile futhi uhambele kahle izitshalo zethu kuze kufakwe umswakama olandelayo. Ukwenza inqubo enikeziwe, kungenzeka ngokucindezela okunamandla kwamanzi ngokungahambisani ukuphuza iziqu noma ukushaya amaqabunga bese uhluma emhlabathini. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngamatamatisi amancane atshalwe esiteji cotyledon. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amathini okuchelela ngezimbobo ezinhle zokunisela okunene.