Kuyinto engokwemvelo ukuthi umuntu afunde leli zwe, afakwe ekuqaphelweni kwezinqubo eziningi ukuze aqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinto. Ukuqina kuyisici "sokunakwa" kwengqondo eqondiswe into eqanjiwe noma yangempela yokuqaphela. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa kakhulu kwengqondo, ifilosofi, inhlalakahle, inkolo.
Inhloso - kuyini?
Intence (ngezinhloso zesiLatini - isifiso, inhloso) - inhloso yomuntu igxile emgomweni wokwazi into noma into. Inhloso ihluke ezifisweni nje, okuwukukhanga komphefumulo ngokuthi lezi yizinyathelo nezinqumo ngokulandela uhlelo oluhleliwe. Ukuziqaphela ukuqonda kuyindawo eyakheka emoyeni, okusiza ukuqonda umhlaba, ukuthola ubudlelwane nezinto nezinto ezibucayi.
Inhloso ku-Psychology
I-Psychology isayensi ephumayo yefilosofi futhi iyaqhubeka nokuhlanganyela nayo eminingi yemigomo eyisisekelo. Ukuzikhandla kwengqondo kwengqondo kuyisimo sengqondo sokugxila noma ukugxila kokuqaphela isihloko esithile. Ukufunda iqiniso langaphandle, umuntu uhlobanisa lokhu nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwangaphakathi kanye nemibono, ukwakha uchungechunge lobuhlobo nezwe. UFranz Brétano, isazi sezengqondo sase-Austria nesazi sefilosofi sekhulu le-XIX. ukuphenya ngenhloso yezinhloso, ukukhetha amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukuqaphela njalo kuhlose futhi kuhlobene nanoma yini into engokoqobo noma engqondweni.
- Ukuqondisisa kwalokhu kwenzeka kwenzeka ezingeni lomzwelo, njengendlela yokukhumbula ulwazi oluzithobayo ngento enokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela, nokuqhathaniswa nama-axioms avumelana kakhulu.
- Isiphetho: umbono womuntu wangaphakathi wento noma into eqinisile kunengaphandle, ngokusekelwe emibonweni yabaningi.
Ukufaneleka kwefilosofi
Iyini inhloso ngefilosofi? Leli gama livela esikoleni - isikole samafilosofi esiphakathi. UTomas Aquinas wayekholelwa ukuthi into ayinakwaziwa ngaphandle kokungenelela okusebenza kuyo. Isifiso nokukhetha, ngakho-ke lokho okuqondiswa ukuqonda komuntu futhi kulokhu kunesenzo sokuzikhethela sokuzikhethela. Isazifilosofi saseJalimane uMnu. Heidegger sihlanganisa nomqondo wokuthi "ukhathalela" ngenhloso yenzalo, ukholelwa ukuthi umuntu uyakhathalela ukuthi uyaphi. Esinye isazi sefilosofi esingumJalimane u-E. Husserl saqhubeka nokufundwa ngezinhloso nezinhloso, njengezindawo zokwazi ukuthembela emsebenzini kaFr. Brittany, kwaletha izincazelo ezintsha:
- Inqubo yokwazi le ndaba yinhliziyo. Ngesikhathi se-alamu, inhliziyo iqondisa ingqondo entweni ebangela ukukhathazeka.
- Isihloko saleso sifundo "asikho" kuze kube yilapho ukucabangela into noma ukuqondiswa kokunakekelwa kuye kwenzekile.
Inhloso ye-Paradoxical
UViktor Frankl, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esivelele sase-Austrian esiye sabhekana nezinhlekelele ezimbi ekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi, uye waphatha ama-phobias ahlukahlukene ngempumelelo. I-Logotherapy - ukuqondiswa kwe-psychoanalysis ekhona, eyasungulwa nguFrankl yayihlanganisa nezindlela eziphumelelayo zokubhekana nokwesaba. Inhloso eyinqaba iyindlela esekelwe emlayezo ophikisanayo noma inhloso ngokuphathelene ne-phobia. Isiguli esasaba ukwesaba sabuzwa ukuthi sifuna ukuthi yini esaba kakhulu - isimo senziwa kuze kutholakale ukukhululeka okungapheli kwemizwa yokukhathazeka.
Inhloso ye-Paradoxical - indlela ongayisebenzisa ngayo
Inqubo yezinhloso ezixakile iyasebenza kakhulu uma isetshenziselwa ukufaka amahlaya kuyo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uG. Olport sisho ukuthi umuntu ongenayo i-neurotic, ophikisayo lapho efunda ukuzithokozisa ngamahlaya nesimo sakhe sengqondo - usesendleleni yokuzithiba nokubuyiswa. Izibonelo zezinhloso ezidakisayo:
- Ukwelashwa kokulala . Umuntu onenkathi ethile ekukhathazeka ngokuphazamiseka kokulala uhlezi ngendlela yokwesaba ukuthi futhi angakwazi ukulala. UFrank uphakamisa ukuthi isiguli kufanele sizame ukuvuka ngangokunokwenzeka. Isifiso sokungalali maduzane senza iphupho.
- Ukwesaba ukukhuluma ngomphakathi . Ukuphikisana phakathi nenkulumo. V. UFrankl uhlongozwe ukuxazulula lesi simo ngokuzamazama, okwenza isifiso esinamandla sokuthuthumela, sibe "iqhawe ekuthungeni" futhi ukukhishwa kwengcindezi kususwe.
- Ukuxabana komndeni . I-Logotherapist, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinhloso eziyinkimbinkimbi, iyala abashade ukuba baqale ukuxabana ngokushisa okukhulu ngokomzwelo, baze baqede ngokuphelele.
- Ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene okucindezelayo . Isibonelo esithakazelisayo ngumkhuba kaDkt. Kochanovsky. Owesifazane osemncane ngaphandle komuzi wakhe wayehlale egqoke izibuko ezimnyama ezafihla umzila wokubuka kwakhe endaweni yesisu yazo zonke amadoda esendleleni. Ukwelashwa kwakuhlanganisa ekukhipheni izibuko nokuvumela umuthi ukuba abukeke ngaphandle kwamahloni ngasezindaweni zobulili zamadoda. Isiguli saqeda ukucindezelwa emavikini amabili.
I-Inadoxical Intention - Ukuthungatha
Ukwesaba ukukhuluma kuyimbangela evamile yokuthutha. Umuntu wesaba ukukhuluma, ngoba ukuthungela ekuhambiseni kwakhe akugwemeki. Ukuziqonda komqondo kungasiza ukuhumusha ukwesaba ukuthungatha kusuka ezimweni ezingokomzwelo kuya esizindeni sezincazelo. Inqubo evusa inkanuko (inseleleki) yokusebenza ngokuthungatha:
- Isiguli siceliwe ukuba sigubhe kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka: "Njengoba manje ngiqala ukugxuma, akekho ngaphambi kwami engakakhulumi kakhulu, ngingumdlali omkhulu kakhulu, manje wonke umuntu uzozwa ..."
- Ukunakwa kushintshelwe ku-logic.
- Uma isiguli sesaba ukuhlambalaza - uyagula, ngokushesha nje lapho eqala ukufisa kakhulu ukuqhuma - ukuphulwa kwenkulumo kuyahamba.
Inhloso eyinqaba yokulahlekelwa isisindo
Umqondo wenhloso uhlale uthinta ukukhetha komuntu nokuthanda kwakhe. Ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga esekelwe ezinkingeni zengqondo , iqiniswe ukudla okungenampilo. Inhloso ingasiza kanjani ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo? Kulula kakhulu - kufanele uqale ukuphoqa ukuba udle: "Ngidle nje, manje ngizohamba ngithenge ikhekhe elikhulu futhi ngidle konke, ngizoba ngumuntu okhulu kakhulu emhlabeni!". Umzimba uqala ukumelana ngokuzimisela nesifiso esikhulu sokuwunqoba. Izimiso zentshisekelo yangempela kanye nomkhuba wansuku zonke wendlela kubalulekile lapha.