I-Zika virus (ZIKV) ithathwa omiyane bohlobo lwe-Aedes, okuhlala kuyo amahlathi ashisayo namahlathi ashisayo. Ingozi enkulu ye-Zika fever yilokho okuvela kumama otheleleke ekuthomeni kokuqala kokukhulelwa umntwana osanda kuzalwa uzalwa ngokulimala kongqondo - microcephaly . Kulokhu, inkinga ekhethekile yimibuzo: isandulela kanjani igciwane leZico? Simelela umbono wezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo mayelana nezindlela zokudluliselwa kwegciwane leZika.
I-virus ye-Zicke isakazwa kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene?
Ukwelapha i-Zick virus ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa kwemiyane
Ekuqaleni, umkhuhlane weZika wanikezwa endaweni yemonkey, kodwa ngenxa yalokho, igciwane eliguquguqukayo lazuza ikhono lokungena emangqamuzaneni omzimba womuntu. Nakuba abathwali begciwane bangumunyane wohlobo lwe-Aedes, kodwa abathwali balo yizinhlobo zezinkawu nabantu. Esimweni sezinambuzane zegazi, kanye negazi, ama-virus angena, abuye athumele kumuntu onempilo ngokuluma okulandelayo.
Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ukutheleleka kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abangahlali endaweni elishisayo. Isifo sabo sinzima kakhulu, izimpawu zisho kakhulu, futhi imiphumela yingozi kakhulu. Ngakho, emva kwe-Zik fever, i-Guillain-Barre syndrome iphawula kwezinye iziguli. Kukhona i-malaise ngesimo sokungenwa kwezandla nezinyawo, ubuhlungu be-back and weakness muscle. Ezimweni ezimbi, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka ukuphefumula nokwephula isigqi senhliziyo, okuholela ekutheni i- thromboembolism ye- pulmonary, i-pneumonia, ukutheleleka kwegazi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-fetus enegciwane likaZick kumama ogulayo
Enye indlela yokudlulisela igciwane kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu sekukhulunywe ngaye - yi-infection ye-intrauterine. Igciwane likaZeka lidlula kalula umgoqo we-placental, kanti ingane isuke igciwane. Ngenxa yezifundo, itholakala ukuthi igciwane lise-amniotic fluid kanye ne-placenta. Ngokuphathelene nemiphumela emibi (ngeziguli ezine-microcephaly kukhona ukungezansi kwengqondo, ekungenakulungeni nokuphela nge-idiocy ebizwa), odokotela batusa ukuthi abesifazane abasebenzisa umkhuhlane we-Zik banomphela wokukhulelwa.
Ukudluliswa ngokocansi kwesifo seZika
Muva nje emshineni kukhona ulwazi ukuthi igciwane leZika lidluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu ngokuxhumana kocansi. Kukhona okungenani ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwalokhu kweqiniso. Umcwaningi uBrian Fall wayefunda ukusabalala kwe-Zika fever eSenegal futhi wayilunywa yinambuzane egciwane. Esikhathini esithile ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, wazizwa engakhululekile, ehambisana nezimpawu zesifo.
Ngemva kokuthola ukuhlushwa, isazi sesayensi sathola ukuthi umkhuhlane weZika. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izimpawu ezibonakalayo zaphawulwa kumfazi kaBrian Fall, yena owayengekho kulolu hambo, kodwa wayenezocansi ezingavimbelwe nomyeni wakhe.
Ingabe igciwane le-Zik lidluliselwa ngamaconsi amancane?
Ngale ndlela, awukwazi ukutheleleka ngomkhuhlane kaZick. Futhi, i-virus yeZika ayidluliselwa ngesithelo (ngisho engahlanjululwa) nezinye izinhlobo zokudla.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela iZika fever
Njengoba inikezwe izindlela zokudlulisela igciwane, izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvimbela i-Zik fever emazweni ashisayo yizo:
- ukufakwa kwamanethiwekhi omswakama kumawindi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-repellents (amafutha, ama-creams, aerosols);
- sigqoke izingubo ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ngabanye;
- ukuqinisekisa ubulili obuphephile.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, izinyathelo zokuvimbela iziqhumane zihlanganisa:
- ukuchithwa kwezindawo ngamanzi aphelile;
- ukucubungula izindawo ezenzelwe ukuzijabulisa.