Isibonakaliso esibalulekile ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuphila kwabantu, lapho umuntu angahlulela khona isimo nesimo sezwe lonke. Ososayensi bacwaninga ngokucophelela le nkinga, baqhube ucwaningo futhi bahlanganise izibalo ukuthola izindlela zokukhulisa impilo.
Isikhathi sokuphila - siyini?
Leli gama liqondwa njengenani leminyaka ukuthi isizukulwane esizalwe siyosinda ngokulinganisa, uma nje izinkomba zokufa ezihlobene neminyaka zingashintshi kusukela ngesikhathi sokubalwa kwedatha. Isikhathi sokuphila okulinganiselwe sibaluleke kakhulu ekubalisweni kwezibalo zabantu lapho kuhlolwa izinga lokufa labantu besifundazwe. Kusekhona isibonakaliso sokuzalwa esilindeleke, esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yesistimu yezempilo ohlelweni lokuhlola lwe-WHO.
Yini enquma ukuhlala komuntu komuntu?
Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, inqwaba yabososayensi yenza ucwaningo oluningi nolwazi oluqoqwe endleleni yokuphila . Ngenxa yalokho, bakwazi ukuveza imithetho ejwayelekile ejwayelekile kubantu abahlala emazweni ahlukene.
- Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlala okujwayelekile komuntu umuntu ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ezingeni lokuchuma kwempahla. Abaningi bayomangala, kodwa isikhathi eside abahlali abacebile, kodwa abajwayelekile abadla ukudla okungabizi futhi bahlanganyela emsebenzini omusha. Kulolu siphetho, ososayensi beza, behlola amazwe okuhlala kuwo wonke ama-long liver.
- Ukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ubude bokuphila kwemikhuba eyingozi (utshwala, ukubhema, njll) kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla okulimazayo . Konke lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo ze-heart, lungapha nesibindi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile abantu bafa ngezinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, i-oncology, izifo zamaphaphu nezingozi.
- Ukulindeleka kokuphila kwabesifazane nabesilisa kuncishiswe ngenxa yokuwohloka kwesimo semvelo emhlabeni. Kuqaphela ukuthi abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezingcolile bafa ngaphambi kwalabo abahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme nezintaba.
Ungakwandisa kanjani isikhathi sokuphila?
Kuneziphakamiso eziningana ezizosiza ukugcina impilo, ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila:
- Ukudla okunempilo . Ukudla okuningi okunamafutha, okuthosiwe futhi okumnandi kumonakalo empilweni. Odokotela bacebisa ukuba bahlanganise imifino nezithelo ezinhle ezidla amafayili amancane, okubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo eziningi.
- Ukubhekana nokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka . Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokukhathazeka lidala indlela yokuguga. Sebenzisa isikhathi esengeziwe emoyeni ovulekile, thola ukuzilibazisa wena nokuphumula okuningi.
- Ukuxhumana . Abacwaningi baye basungula ukuthi ukuphila komphakathi okubalulekile kubalulekile empilweni yomuntu omude. Ukuxhumana nesizukulwane esincane kuyasiza kakhulu.
- Imikhuba emibi . Ukulindeleka kokuphila emhlabeni kuphazamiseka kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kotshwala nokubhema. Le mikhuba yandisa ingozi yenhliziyo nesifo se-vascular, nomdlavuza.
- Qala umndeni . Ngokwezibalo, abantu abashadile baphila isikhathi eside kunabantu abangashadile, ngoba, okungajwayelekile njengoba kungase kuzwakale, impilo yomndeni ithuthukisa impilo.
- Qaphela . Esinye sezimbangela ezivamile zokukhula kwabantu yingozi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba sigweme izimo ezingaholela engozini. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu hhayi ngenkathi ushayela, kodwa futhi uwela umgwaqo njengomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo.
- Phuma ezindaweni eziphila kahle . Uma kunokwenzeka, zama ukuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe ezintabeni noma emazweni lapho kungekho khona imboni kanye nesimo sezulu esinobuhle.
- Ezemidlalo . Uma ubheka amazwe anezinga eliphakeme lokuphila, abantu bahola ukuphila okusebenzayo futhi baqeqesha njalo. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe umsebenzi othakazelisayo kunayo yonke, njengokuthanda kwakho ukuvivinya umzimba, nokunye okuthandayo okusebenzayo. Ezemidlalo zisiza ukulwa namakhalori amaningi, ziqinisa ubuchopho nomzimba, futhi zandisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphila emhlabeni
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi kugcinwa njalo futhi ososayensi bazama ukuthola indlela entsha yokunqoba izifo ezibulalayo futhi basindise izimpilo. Ngenxa yezinhlelo zezempilo eziphelele, ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi ngePP kanye nokuphila okunempilo, nokutholakala kwemithi, amazwe amaningi aphatha ukwandisa izimpilo zabakhamuzi bawo.
- Hong Kong . Isikhathi sokuphila esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni siyabonakala phakathi kwabakhileyo lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezifunda zaseChina, ngakho-ke abantu abaphakathi bahlala lapha iminyaka engu-84. Hlanganisa lokhu ngokudla okhethekile kanye nokuzivocavoca, nangomdlalo we mahjong, ovuselela ubuchopho.
- Italy . Ososayensi abaningi bayamangala ukuthi leli zwe lilinganiselwa emazweni anesikhathi eside sokuphila, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubiza uhlelo lwezempilo lwezempilo kangcono. Izibalo ezilinganiselwe zineminyaka engu-83. Incazelo kuphela yomoya wezulu nesimo sokudla saseMedithera esinezinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle.
- ESwitzerland . Leli zwe limelela umnotho walo omuhle, izindleko eziphezulu, imvelo enhle kakhulu nomoya ohlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni ubeka imali enkulu emkhakheni wezempilo. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-83.
Isikhathi sokuphila emazweni omhlaba
Abacwaningi, ukuhlaziya isikhathi sokuphila emazweni ahlukene, cabangela amaphuzu amaningi, isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho, izinzuzo zabantu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo zezempilo zomphakathi, izinga lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nesimo semvelo esifundeni. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe emhlabeni sixhomeke ekuthandweni kwabantu abadla nokulutha ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
Isikhathi sokuphila e-USA
Ngo-2015, abacwaningi ngqa okokuqala bathola ukwehla kokusebenza eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokufa yinhliziyo nesifo se-vascular, futhi odokotela abaningi bathi bayalala abaseMelika ukudla okulimazayo, njengokudla okusheshayo. Abantu abaningi bafa ngenxa yomdlavuza kanye nezifo zokuphefumula ngezikhathi. Izinga lokufa likhuphuka ngenxa yengozi, isifo sikashukela nemivimbo. Isikhathi sokuphila esivela e-US ngamadoda iminyaka engu-76, futhi kwabesifazane abangu-81.
I-Lifespan eChina
Ubuholi bezwe buqhubeka benza konke okusemandleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimpilo zabantu abavamile. Enye yezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezintsha "Health China-2030", ihloswe ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila isiShayina eminyakeni 79. Lo mbhalo uveza izahluko ezingu-29 eziphathelene nempilo, imvelo, izidakamizwa nokudla. E-China, i-HLS ne-PP isakaza kabanzi. Njengamanje, isikhathi sokuphila eChina iminyaka engu-76. Isizathu esiyinhloko sezifo zokufa ezihambisana nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Isikhathi sokuphila eJapane
Leli zwe lase-Asia liye lafakwa njalo ekubalweni kwamanye amazwe lapho abantu bahlala khona isikhathi eside. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphila komuntu sinqunywa ngezizathu eziningana, ezibandakanya: ukudla okunempilo, izinga eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuhlanzeka, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kanye nokuhamba okuvamile. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amaJapane angabantu abanempilo kakhulu emhlabeni. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu eJapane sineminyaka engu-84.
I-Lifespan eNdiya
Leli zwe lingabizwa ngokuthi liyisibonelo sokuphambene, ngoba ensimini eyodwa ububha nokunethezeka kwamahhotela okuhlaliswayo kuhlangene. ENdiya, izinsizakalo nokudla kubiza. Noma kunjalo kufanele uqaphele ukuthi umhlaba ugcwele kakhulu, ukuhlanzeka okungcolile kanye nemvelo. Akunakwenzeka ukubiza isimo sezulu sendawo esifanele ekuphileni. Isikhathi sokuphila okujwayelekile eNdiya iminyaka engu-69, nabesifazane abaphila iminyaka emihlanu ngaphezu kwamadoda.
Isikhathi sokuphila eJalimane
Izinga lokuphila kuleli zwe laseYurophu liyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu eJalimane samadoda iminyaka engu-78, kanti nabesifazane - 83. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningana: umholo ophezulu kanye nemfundo, ukuvikelwa komphakathi nokuthuthukiswa kahle kwezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukusebenza okuhle kwemvelo kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi aphakeme. EJalimane, uhulumeni unakekela kakhulu abahola impesheni nabakhubazekile, okuba nemiphumela emihle esikhathini sokuphila.
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila e-Russian Federation
E-Russia, abantu bahlala ngaphansi kwamazwe amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia futhi bahlanganisa lokhu ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungenele nokuthuthukiswa okuncane ezindaweni eziningi zezwe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula kanye nokonakala kwezinkomba zemvelo, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukusho ukusabalalisa phakathi kwabantu abenza imikhuba enobungozi njengokubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala njalo. Ukuphila komuntu ohlala ensimini yeRussia Federation iminyaka engu-71, nabesifazane abaphila iminyaka eyishumi kunamadoda.
Isikhathi sokuphila e-Ukraine
Kuleli zwe, izinkomba eziqhathaniswa namazwe amaningi aseYurophu ziphansi. Isikhathi sokuphila okujwayelekile e-Ukraine sineminyaka engu-71. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezifundeni ezinezimboni ezithuthukile, izinkomba zingaphansi kwesilinganiso. Amanani aphansi ahambisana nokuthuthukiswa okwanele kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemali engenayo yezakhamizi. Ngokuqondene nezimbangela zokufa, ngokusho kwezibalo, izifo ezivame kakhulu: ukushaywa yisifo sofuba, i-HIV, isifo sesibindi nomdlavuza. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokulutha kwezakhamuzi zase-Ukraine utshwala.